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19-1445; Rev 0; 4/99
Micropower, Single-Supply, Rail-to-Rail Precision Differential Amplifiers
General Description
The MAX4198/MAX4199 low-power, differential amplifiers are ideal for single-supply applications that benefit from a low 0.01% gain error. The MAX4198 is factory trimmed to a fixed gain of +1V/V, and the MAX4199 is trimmed to a fixed gain of +10V/V. Capable of operating from a single +2.7V to +7.5V supply or from dual 1.35V to 3.75V supplies, they consume only 42A while achieving -3dB bandwidths of 175kHz (MAX4198) and 45kHz (MAX4199). These amplifiers feature a shutdown mode that reduces the supply current to 6.5A. The MAX4198/MAX4199 can drive 5k loads to within 100mV from each rail. The standard differential amplifier configurations provide common-mode rejection of 90dB for the MAX4198 and 110dB for the MAX4199. The input common-mode voltage range for the MAX4198 extends 100mV Beyond-the-RailsTM. The MAX4198/MAX4199 are offered in a space-saving 8-pin MAX package. For complete micropower, rail-torail instrumentation amplifiers, see the MAX4194- MAX4197 data sheet. Rail-to-Rail(R) o Low 0.01% Gain Error o High Common-Mode Rejection: 110dB (MAX4199) o 10V Input Offset Voltage (MAX4199) 30V Input Offset Voltage (MAX4198) o +2.7V to +7.5V Single-Supply Operation o 42A Supply Current o 175kHz (MAX4198) and 45kHz (MAX4199) -3dB Bandwidth o 6.5A Shutdown Current o Rail-to-Rail Outputs Drive 5k Loads o Input Voltage Range Extends 100mV Beyond-theRails (MAX4198) o Available in Space-Saving 8-Pin MAX Package
Features
MAX4198/MAX4199
Ordering Information
PART MAX4198EUA MAX4198ESA MAX4199EUA MAX4199ESA TEMP. RANGE -40C to +85C -40C to +85C -40C to +85C -40C to +85C PINPACKAGE 8 MAX 8 SO 8 MAX 8 SO GAIN (V/V) 1 1 10 10
Applications
Instrumentation Amplifier Building Block Differential Voltage Amplifiers Data-Acquisition Systems Portable/Battery-Powered Equipment Transducer Interface Current-Sense Amplifiers
Pin Configuration
TOP VIEW
7 VCC
Functional Diagram
IN- 2 25k 25k (250k)
5 FB 6 OUT 25k 25k (250k) 1 4 VEE
REF 1 IN- 2 IN+ 3
8 7
SHDN VCC OUT FB
MAX4198 MAX4199
IN+ 3
MAX4198 MAX4199
6 5
REF
VEE 4
( ) ARE FOR MAX4199 ONLY.
MAX/SO
Rail-to-Rail is a registered trademark of Nippon Motorola, Ltd. Beyond-the-Rails is a trademark of Maxim Integrated Products.
________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products 1
For free samples & the latest literature: http://www.maxim-ic.com, or phone 1-800-998-8800. For small orders, phone 408-737-7600 ext. 3468.
Micropower, Single-Supply, Rail-to-Rail Precision Differential Amplifiers MAX4198/MAX4199
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Supply Voltage (VCC to VEE)..................................................+8V All Other Pins to GND ......................(VEE - 0.3V) to (VCC + 0.3V) Output Short Circuit Duration (to VCC or VEE)............Continuous Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70C) SO (derate 9.09mW/C above +70C) ..........................471mW MAX (derate 4.1mW/C above +70C) .......................330mW Operating Temperature Range ...........................-40C to +85C Junction Temperature ......................................................+150C Storage Temperature Range ............................ -65C to +150C Lead Temperature (soldering, 10sec) .............................+300C
Stresses beyond those listed under "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS--MAX4198 (+5V Supply)
(VCC = +5V, VEE = 0V, RL = 25k tied to VCC / 2, VREF = VCC / 2, V SHDN = VCC - 1.5V, typical values are at T A = +25C, TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 1) PARAMETER Supply Voltage Range (Note 2) SYMBOL VCC Single supply Dual supply TA = +25C, VCM = VCC / 2 TA = TMIN to TMAX, VCM = VCC / 2 MAX4198ESA MAX4198EUA IN+ differential-mode IN- differential-mode Common-mode Input Voltage Range DC Common-Mode Rejection AC Common-Mode Rejection Power-Supply Rejection VIN CMRDC CMRAC PSR Guaranteed by CMR test VCM = VEE - 0.1V to VCC + 0.1V MAX4198ESA MAX4198EUA VEE - 0.1 74 70 90 90 90 90 115 MAX4198ESA MAX4198EUA MAX4198ESA MAX4198EUA CONDITIONS MIN 2.7 1.35 30 100 TYP MAX 7.5 3.75 500 1000 750 2300 5 20 UNITS V
Input Offset Voltage
VOS
V
Input Offset Voltage Drift
TCO
0.5 1 50 25 50
V/C
Input Resistance
RIN
k VCC + 0.1 V dB dB dB
Input Noise Voltage
VCM = VEE - 0.1 to VCC + 0.1V, f = 60Hz, f = 120Hz +2.7V VCC +7.5V, VCM = +1.5V, VREF = +1.5V, RL = 25k to +1.5V f = 10Hz f = 100Hz f = 10kHz f = 0.1Hz to 10Hz RL = 25k, 10mV input overdrive
Output Voltage Swing RL = 5k, 10mV input overdrive Short-Circuit Current Sink/source VCM = VCC / 2, TA = +25C VEE + 0.1V VOUT VCC 0.1V RL = 25k, VEE + 0.1V VOUT VCC - 0.1V RL = 5k, VEE + 0.2V VOUT VCC - 0.2V MAX4198ESA MAX4198EUA
120 60 58 7.8 VEE + 0.1 VEE + 0.03 to to VCC - 0.1 VCC - 0.03 VEE + 0.2 VEE + 0.1 to to VCC - 0.2 VCC - 0.1 5.5 0.01 0.01 0.2 0.65 0.0003 0.1
nVHz VRMS V mA
Gain Error
% 0.1 3 ppm/C 6 %
Gain Temperature Coefficient Nonlinearity 2
VEE + 0.1V VOUT VCC - 0.1V
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Micropower, Single-Supply, Rail-to-Rail Precision Differential Amplifiers
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS--MAX4198 (+5V Supply) (continued)
(VCC = +5V, VEE = 0V, RL = 25k tied to VCC / 2, VREF = VCC / 2, V SHDN = VCC - 1.5V, typical values are at T A = +25C, TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 1) PARAMETER Capacitive Load Stability -3dB Bandwidth Slew Rate Settling Time to 0.1% Total Harmonic Distortion Supply Current Shutdown Supply Current Input Logic Voltage High (Note 3) Input Logic Voltage Low (Note 3) SHDN Input Bias Current Enable/Disable Settling Time Power-Up Delay tON/OFF SYMBOL CL BW-3dB SR ts THD ICC ISHDN VIH VIL V SHDN = VCC - 1.5V or V SHDN = VEE V SHDN = VCC - 2.5V to VCC - 1.5V, VOUT = 3.5V, settled to within 0.1% VOUT = 3.5V, settled to within 0.1% -0.1 28 800 VOUT 0.1Vp-p, VCM = VCC / 2 VOUT = 2Vp-p step VOUT = 2Vp-p step VOUT = 2Vp-p, f = 1kHz VCM = VCC / 2, VIN+ = VINV SHDN = VIL VCC - 1.5 VCC - 2.5 0.1 CONDITIONS MIN TYP 690 175 0.07 34 0.001 45 6.5 55 12 MAX UNITS pF kHz V/s s % A A V V A s s
MAX4198/MAX4199
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS--MAX4198 (+3V Supply)
(VCC = +3V, VEE = 0V, RL = 25k tied to VCC / 2, VREF = VCC / 2, V SHDN = VCC - 1.5V, typical values are at TA = +25C, TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 1) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS TA = +25C, VCM = VCC / 2 TA = TMIN to TMAX, VCM = VCC / 2 MAX4198ESA MAX4198EUA MAX4198ESA MAX4198EUA MIN TYP 35 100 MAX 600 1100 850 2400 5.0 20 VCC + 0.1 UNITS
Input Offset Voltage
VOS
V
Input Offset Voltage Drift Input Voltage Range DC Common-Mode Rejection
TCO VIN CMRDC
MAX4198ESA MAX4198EUA Guaranteed by CMR test MAX4198ESA VCM = VEE - 0.1 to VCC + 0.1 MAX4198EUA RL = 25k, 10mV input overdrive
0.5 1.0
V/C V dB
Output Voltage Swing RL = 5k, 10mV input overdrive Short-Circuit Current Gain Error Sink/source RL = 25k, VEE + 0.1V VCM = VCC / 2, VOUT VCC - 0.1V TA = +25C RL = 5k, VEE + 0.2V VOUT VCC - 0.2V VEE + 0.1V VOUT VCC 0.1V ICC I SHDN VIH VIL MAX4198ESA MAX4198EUA
VEE - 0.1 74 90 70 90 VEE + 0.1 VEE + 0.03 to to VCC - 0.1 VCC - 0.03 VEE + 0.2 VEE + 0.1 to to VCC - 0.2 VCC - 0.1 4.5 0.01 0.01 0.2 0.65 42 6.5 VCC - 1.5
V
mA %
0.1 0.1 3 ppm/C 6 A A V VCC - 2.5 V 3
Gain Temperature Coefficient Supply Current Shutdown Supply Current Input Logic High Voltage (Note 3) Input Logic Low Voltage (Note 3)
VCM = VCC / 2, VDIFF = 0
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Micropower, Single-Supply, Rail-to-Rail Precision Differential Amplifiers MAX4198/MAX4199
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS--MAX4199 (+5V Supply)
(VCC = +5V, VEE = 0V, RL = 25k tied to VCC / 2, VREF = VCC / 2, V S HDN = VCC - 1.5V, typical values are at TA = +25C, TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 1) PARAMETER Supply Voltage Range (Note 2) SYMBOL VCC Single supply Dual supply TA = +25C, VCM = VCC / 2 TA = TMIN to TMAX, VCM = VCC / 2 MAX4199ESA MAX4199EUA IN+ differential mode IN- differential mode Common-mode Input Voltage Range (Note 2) DC Common-Mode Rejection AC Common-Mode Rejection Power-Supply Rejection VIN CMRDC CMRAC PSR Guaranteed by CMR test VCM = VEE - 0.1V to VCC - 1.0V MAX4199ESA MAX4199EUA VEE - 0.1 84 80 110 110 110 90 120 CONDITIONS MAX4199EUA MAX4199ESA MAX4199EUA MAX4199ESA MAX4199EUA MIN 2.7 1.35 10 100 TYP MAX 7.5 3.75 300 600 500 1475 3 15 UNITS V
Input Offset Voltage
VOS
V
Input Offset Voltage Drift
TCO
0.25 0.75 275 25 275
V/C
Input Resistance
RIN
k VCC - 1.0 V dB dB dB
VCM = VEE - 0.1V to VCC - 1.0V, f = 60Hz +2.7V VCC +7.5V, VCM = +1.5V, VREF = +1.5V, RL = 25k to +1.5V f = 10Hz f = 100Hz f = 10kHz f = 0.1Hz to 10Hz RL = 25k, 10mV input overdrive
Input Noise Voltage
Output Voltage Swing RL = 5k, 10mV input overdrive Short-Circuit Current Sink/source RL = 25k, VEE + 0.1V VCM = VCC / 2, VOUT VCC - 0.1V TA = +25C RL = 5k, VEE + 0.2V VOUT VCC - 0.2V VEE + 0.1V VOUT VCC 0.1V CL BW-3dB SR ts THD ICC I SHDN VOUT 0.1Vp-p, VCM = VCC / 2 VOUT = 2Vp-p VOUT = 2Vp-p step VOUT = 2Vp-p, f = 1kHz VCM = VCC / 2, VIN+ = VINV SHDN = VIL MAX4199ESA MAX4199EUA
60 40 38 6.6 VEE + 0.1 VEE + 0.02 to to VCC - 0.1 VCC - 0.02 VEE + 0.2 VEE + 0.1 to to VCC - 0.2 VCC - 0.1 5.5 0.01 0.01 1 2 0.0003 600 45 0.1 37 0.001 45 6.5 55 12 0.3
nVHz VRMS
V
mA
Gain Error
% 0.3 5 ppm/C 10 % pF kHz V/s s % A A
Gain Temperature Coefficient Nonlinearity Capacitive Load Stability -3dB Bandwidth Slew Rate Settling Time to 0.1% Total Harmonic Distortion Supply Current Shutdown Supply Current
VEE + 0.1V VOUT VCC - 0.1V
4
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Micropower, Single-Supply, Rail-to-Rail Precision Differential Amplifiers
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS--MAX4199 (+5V Supply) (continued)
(VCC = +5V, VEE = 0V, RL = 25k tied to VCC / 2, VREF = VCC / 2, V S HDN = VCC - 1.5V, typical values are at TA = +25C, TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 1) PARAMETER Input Logic Voltage High (Note 3) Input Logic Voltage Low (Note 3) SHDN Input Bias Current Enable/Disable Settling Time Power-Up Delay tON/OFF SYMBOL VIH VIL V SHDN = VCC - 1.5V or V SHDN = VEE V SHDN = VCC - 2.5V to VCC - 1.5V, VOUT = 3.5V, settled to within 0.1% VOUT = 3.5V, settled to within 0.1% -0.1 35 800 CONDITIONS MIN VCC - 1.5 VCC - 2.5 0.1 TYP MAX UNITS V V A s s
MAX4198/MAX4199
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS--MAX4199 (+3V Supply)
(V CC = +3V, V EE = 0V, R L = 25k tied to V CC / 2, V REF = V CC / 2, V S HDN = V CC - 1.5V, values are at T A = +25C, TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 1) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS TA = +25C, VCM = VCC / 2 TA = TMIN to TMAX, VCM = VCC / 2 MAX4199ESA MAX4199EUA MAX4199ESA MAX4199EUA MIN TYP 15 100 MAX 400 700 600 1675 5 15 VCC - 1.1 UNITS
Input Offset Voltage
VOS
V
Input Offset Voltage Drift Input Voltage Range DC Common-Mode Rejection
TCO VIN CMRDC
MAX4199ESA MAX4199EUA Guaranteed by CMR test VCM = VEE - 0.1 to VCC - 1.1 MAX4199ESA MAX4199EUA
0.25 0.75 VEE - 0.1 84 80 110 110
V/C V dB
RL = 25k, 10mV input overdrive Output Voltage Swing RL = 5k, 10mV input overdrive Short-Circuit Current Sink/source RL = 25k, VEE + 0.1V VCM = VCC / 2, VOUT VCC - 0.1V TA = +25C RL = 5k, VEE + 0.2V VOUT VCC - 0.2V VEE + 0.1V VOUT VCC 0.1V ICC I SHDN VIH VIL MAX4199ESA MAX4199EUA
VEE + 0.1 VEE + 0.02 to to VCC - 0.1 VCC - 0.02 VEE + 0.2 VEE + 0.1 to to VCC - 0.2 VCC - 0.1 4.5 0.01 0.01 1 2 42 6.5 VCC - 1.5 VCC - 2.5 0.3
V
mA
Gain Error
% 0.3 5 ppm/C 10 A A V V
Gain Temperature Coefficient Supply Current Shutdown Supply Current Input Logic High Voltage (Note 3) Input Logic Low Voltage (Note 3)
VCM = VCC / 2, VDIFF = 0
Note 1: The MAX4198EUA and the MAX4199EUA are 100% production tested at +25C. All temperature limits are guaranteed by design. Note 2: Guaranteed by PSR test. Note 3: When shutdown input is at logic high, the part is active; when at logic low, the part is in shutdown.
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5
Micropower, Single-Supply, Rail-to-Rail Precision Differential Amplifiers MAX4198/MAX4199
Typical Operating Characteristics
(VCC = +5V, VEE = 0V, RL = 25k to VCC / 2, V SHDN = VCC - 1.5V, small-signal VOUT = 100mVp-p, large-signal VOUT = 1Vp-p, TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.)
SUPPLY CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX4198toc01
MAX4198 SMALL-SIGNAL GAIN vs. FREQUENCY
MAX4198toc02
MAX4199 SMALL-SIGNAL GAIN vs. FREQUENCY
3 2 NORMALIZED GAIN (dB) 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6
MAX4198toc03
45 44 43 SUPPLY CURRENT (A) 42 MAX4198
3 2 1 GAIN (dB)
41 40 39 38 37 36 35 -40 -15
MAX4199
0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6
10 35 TEMPERATURE (C)
60
85
0.1k
1k
10k 100k FREQUENCY (Hz)
1M
0.1k
1k
10k FREQUENCY (Hz)
100k
1M
POWER-SUPPLY REJECTION vs. FREQUENCY
MAX4198toc04
COMMON-MODE REJECTION vs. FREQUENCY
MAX4198toc05
OUTPUT VOLTAGE HIGH AND LOW vs. LOAD RESISTANCE
800 600 400 VOLTAGE (mV) 200 0 -200 -400 -600 MAX4198 MAX4199 VOH - VCC MAX4198 VOL - VEE MAX4199
MAX4198toc06
-10 -30 MAX4198 -50 -70 -90 -110 MAX4199 -130 1 10 100 1k 10k
0 -20 -40 CMR (dB) -60 -80 -100 MAX4199 -120 MAX4198
1000
PSR (dB)
-800 -1000 100k 1M 0.1 1 LOAD (k) 10 100
100k
10
100
1k
10k
FREQUENCY (Hz)
FREQUENCY (Hz)
COMMON-MODE REJECTION vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX4198toc07
INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX4198toc08
GAIN ERROR vs. TEMPERATURE
0.006 0.004 0.002 GAIN ERROR (%) 0 -0.002 -0.004 -0.006 -0.008 -0.010 -0.012 MAX4198 MAX4199
MAX4198toc09
-60 -70 -80 CMR (dB) MAX4198 -90 -100 MAX4199 -110 -120 -40 -15 10 35 TEMPERATURE (C) 60
100
0.008
INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE (V)
50 MAX4199 0 MAX4198 -50
-100 85 -40 -15 10 35 TEMPERATURE (C) 60 85
-0.014 -40 -15 10 35 TEMPERATURE (C) 60 85
6
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Micropower, Single-Supply, Rail-to-Rail Precision Differential Amplifiers
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(VCC = +5V, VEE = 0V, RL = 25k to VCC / 2, V SHDN = VCC - 1.5V, small-signal VOUT = 100mVp-p, large-signal VOUT = 1Vp-p, TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.)
VOLTAGE NOISE DENSITY vs. FREQUENCY
MAX4198toc10
MAX4198/MAX4199
TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION VOLTAGE NOISE vs. FREQUENCY
MAX4198toc11
SMALL-SIGNAL PULSE RESPONSE
MAX4198toc12
10k
1.000
VOLTAGE NOISE DENSITY (nV/Hz)
1k
THD + VOLTAGE NOISE (%)
0.100
INPUT 50mV/div
0.010
MAX4199
100
MAX4198
0.001 MAX4198
OUTPUT 50mV/div
MAX4199 10 1 10 100 1k 10k 100k FREQUENCY (Hz) 0 100 1k FREQUENCY (Hz) 10k 50s/div
MAX4199 SMALL-SIGNAL PULSE RESPONSE
MAX4198toc13
MAX4198 LARGE-SIGNAL PULSE RESPONSE
MAX4198toc14
MAX4199 LARGE-SIGNAL PULSE RESPONSE
MAX4198toc15
INPUT 5mV/div
INPUT 500mV/div
INPUT 50mV/div
OUTPUT 50mV/div
OUTPUT 500mV/div
OUTPUT 500mV/div
50s/div
50s/div
50s/div
MAX4198 SMALL-SIGNAL PULSE RESPONSE WITH CAPACITIVE LOAD
MAX4198toc16
MAX4198 SMALL-SIGNAL PULSE RESPONSE WITH EXCESSIVE CAPACITIVE LOAD
MAX4198toc17
MAX4198 SMALL-SIGNAL PULSE RESPONSE WITH EXCESSIVE CAPACITIVE LOAD AND ISOLATION RESISTOR
MAX4198toc18
CL = 690pF INPUT 50mV/div CL = 1060pF RISO = 0 OUTPUT 50mV/div INPUT 50mV/div CL = 1060pF RISO = 50 OUTPUT 50mV/div INPUT 50mV/div
OUTPUT 50mV/div
50s/div
50s/div
50s/div
_______________________________________________________________________________________
7
Micropower, Single-Supply, Rail-to-Rail Precision Differential Amplifiers MAX4198/MAX4199
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(VCC = +5V, VEE = 0V, RL = 25k to VCC / 2, V SHDN = VCC - 1.5V, small-signal VOUT = 100mVp-p, large-signal VOUT = 1Vp-p, TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.)
MAX4199 SMALL-SIGNAL PULSE RESPONSE WITH CAPACITIVE LOAD
MAX4198toc19
MAX4199 SMALL-SIGNAL PULSE RESPONSE WITH EXCESSIVE CAPACITIVE LOAD
MAX4198toc20
MAX4199 SMALL-SIGNAL PULSE RESPONSE WITH EXCESSIVE CAPACITIVE LOAD AND ISOLATION RESISTOR
MAX4198toc21
INPUT 5mV/div CL = 590pF CL = 760pF RISO = 0
INPUT 5mV/div CL = 760pF RISO = 75
INPUT 5mV/div
OUTPUT 50mV/div
OUTPUT 50mV/div
OUTPUT 50mV/div
50s/div
50s/div
50s/div
MAX4198 TIME EXITING SHUTDOWN
MAX4198toc22
MAX4199 TIME EXITING SHUTDOWN
MAX4198toc23
MAX4198 HISTOGRAM (VOS BASED ON 200 UNITS)
MAX4198toc24
60 50 40 COUNT OUTPUT 500mV/div 30 20 10 0
INPUT (SHDN PIN) 500mV/div
INPUT (SHDN PIN) 500mV/div
OUTPUT 500mV/div
10s/div
10s/div
-300 -240 -180 -120 -60
0
60 120 180 240 300
VOS (V)
MAX4199 HISTOGRAM (VOS BASED ON 280 UNITS)
MAX4198toc25
MAX4198 HISTOGRAM (GAIN ACCURACY BASED ON 200 UNITS)
90 80 70 COUNT COUNT 60 50 40
MAX4198toc26
MAX4199 HISTOGRAM (GAIN ACCURACY BASED ON 280 UNITS)
140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 -0.24 -0.18 -0.12 -0.06 0 -0.06 0.12 0.18 0.24
MAX4198toc27
120 100 80 COUNT 60 40 20 0 -300 -240 -180 -120 -60 0
100
160
30 20 10 0 60 120 180 240 300 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 VOS (V) GAIN ERROR (%)
GAIN ERROR (%)
8
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Micropower, Single-Supply, Rail-to-Rail Precision Differential Amplifiers
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(VCC = +5V, VEE = 0V, RL = 25k to VCC / 2, V SHDN = VCC - 1.5V, small-signal VOUT = 100mVp-p, large-signal VOUT = 1Vp-p, TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.)
MAX4199 INPUT COMMON-MODE RANGE vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
MAX4198toc28
MAX4198/MAX4199
MAX4198 INPUT COMMON-MODE RANGE vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
VREF = VCC/2 INPUT COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE (V) 7.5 6.5 5.5 4.5 3.5 2.5 1.5 0.5 -0.5
MAX4198toc29
7.5 VREF = VCC/2 INPUT COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE (V) 6.5 5.5 4.5 3.5 2.5 1.5 0.5 -0.5 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
8.5
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
Pin Description
PIN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 NAME REF ININ+ VEE FB OUT VCC SHDN FUNCTION Reference Voltage Input. Offsets output voltage. Inverting Input Noninverting Input Negative Supply Voltage Feedback Resistor. Can be used as a sense input. Amplifier Output Positive Supply Voltage Shutdown Control. Shutdown threshold is referenced to VCC. When pulled 2.5V below VCC, part is in shutdown.
_______________Detailed Description
The MAX4198/MAX4199 are precision low-power differential amplifiers with factory-trimmed internal gain-setting resistors. The MAX4198 is trimmed to a gain of +1V/V and the MAX4199 is trimmed to a gain of +10V/V.
Input Stage
The Functional Diagram shows the internal structure of the MAX4198/MAX4199. Although the resistors are precision matched, their absolute value varies by 25%. The typical input impedance for the MAX4198 is 50k for the noninverting input and 25k for the inverting input. The typical input impedance for the MAX4199 is 275k for the noninverting input and 25k for the inverting input.
The common-mode inputs of the internal op amp can range from VEE to (VCC - 1.1V). Although the inputs to the internal op amp are not rail-to-rail, the internal resistors form a voltage divider that extends the input common-mode range beyond-the-rails for the MAX4198. The overall input range of the MAX4198 extends 100mV beyond-the-rails without adversely affecting commonmode rejection or undergoing phase reversal (VCC = 5V). The MAX4199 input common-mode range extends from 100mV below the negative rail to (VCC - 1V) (see the Input Common-Mode Voltage Range vs. Supply Voltage graph in the Typical Operating Characteristics).
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9
Micropower, Single-Supply, Rail-to-Rail Precision Differential Amplifiers MAX4198/MAX4199
Rail-to-Rail Output Stage
The MAX4198/MAX4199 output stage incorporates a common-source rail-to-rail structure which maximizes the dynamic range of the differential amplifier. The output can swing to within 100mV from each rail with a 5k load to VCC / 2 (see Typical Operating Characteristics).
INVCC OUT RISO OUTPUT FB
Shutdown Mode
The MAX4198/MAX4199 have an active-low shutdown input. SHDN input logic thresholds are referenced to VCC, not to GND. Pulling SHDN 2.5V below the positive rail places the amplifiers in a 12A (max) shutdown mode. The MAX4198/MAX4199 exit or enter shutdown in 35s. In shutdown, the OUT pin is high-impedance.
MAX4198 MAX4199
VEE INPUT IN+ REF
CL
RL
Applications Information
Driving Capacitive Loads
The MAX4198/MAX4199 are relatively immune to oscillations caused when driving large capacitive loads. Although heavy load capacitance increases transient ringing, sustained oscillations typically don't occur for loads under 600pF (see Pulse Response with Capacitive Load in the Typical Operating Characteristics). Applications that require driving higher capacitive loads can isolate the output capacitance using a 15 to 100 resistor between the amplifier output and the load (Figure 1). Although adding an isolation resistor dampens the response enough to prevent oscillations, it does so at the expense of bandwidth and DC accuracy.
Figure 1. Dual-Supply, Capacitive-Load Driving Circuit
VA
INVCC
FB
OUT
MAX4198 MAX4199
VEE VB IN+ REF
VOUT
Power Supply Considerations
The MAX4198/MAX4199 operate from single +2.7V to +7.5V supplies or from dual 1.35V to 3.75V supplies, and they consume only 45A of supply current. Excellent power-supply rejection permits the amplifiers to be operated directly from a decaying 3V cell without excessive error. To maximize AC performance, the supply must be bypassed with a 0.1F ceramic capacitor to ground that must be as close as possible to the pin. If dual supplies are used, bypass both supply pins with 0.1F to ground.
VOUT = (VB - VA) (MAX4198) VOUT = 10 (VB - VA) (MAX4199)
Figure 2. Standard Difference Amplifier
VA
INVCC
FB
Application Circuits
Differential amplifiers can be used in single-ended and other amplifier applications. Figures 2 through 6 show the MAX4198/MAX4199 in different configurations. The internally trimmed and matched resistors offer convenience and have a distinct advantage over external resistors. These amplifiers are not compensated for single-ended unity gain; therefore, IN- should not be connected to OUT or left unconnected.
OUT
MAX4198 MAX4199
VEE IN+ REF
VOUT
VOUT = -VA (MAX4198) VOUT = -10VA (MAX4199)
Figure 3. Precision Inverting Buffer
10 ______________________________________________________________________________________
Micropower, Single-Supply, Rail-to-Rail Precision Differential Amplifiers
Instrumentation Amplifier Applications
For applications that require a complete low-power instrumentation amplifier, refer to the MAX4194- MAX4197 data sheet. Some differential to single-ended voltage amplifier applications that don't require a high input impedance can use the MAX4198/MAX4199 for gains of +1V/V or +10V/V. The MAX4198/MAX4199 can also be used as an instrumentation amplifier building block. The circuit of Figure 7 takes advantage of the 10pA (max), 0.1pA (typ) bias current of the MAX406A to form an instrumentation amplifier similar to the MAX4194 family, except with lower input bias currents. The MAX406A's low 1.2A supply current maintains a low overall supply current.
MAX4198/MAX4199
VCC IN+ IN2 VCC 6 VA IN+ 3 VEE REF 1 VOUT = 2VA VOUT = -VA OUT VA INOUT VOUT 5 FB FB VCC VOUT
MAX4198
REF
MAX4198
Figure 4. Precision Gain of Two Amplifiers
Figure 5. Single-Supply Inverting Amplifier Biased at VCC / 2
VA VA A1 2 INVCC 6 OUT VEE FB 5 R2 INFB
MAX4544
6 NO 4 NC IN 1
VOUT
R1 R2
OUT
5 3 COM IN+ 1 REF
VOUT
MAX4198
LOGIC VOUT IN -VA 0 +VA 1 VB
IN+ A2
REF
MAX4198
NOTE: MAX4544 PINOUT FOR 6-PIN SOT23-6
A1, A2 = MAX406A
VOUT = (1 + 2R2 / R1) (VB - VA)
Figure 6. Digitally Controlled Precision Gain of 1 Amplifier
Figure 7. Ultra-Low Input Bias Current (0.1pA) Instrumentation Amplifiers with 47A Supply-Current Consumption
11
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Micropower, Single-Supply, Rail-to-Rail Precision Differential Amplifiers MAX4198/MAX4199
Chip Information
TRANSISTOR COUNT: 250 SUBSTRATE CONNECTED TO VEE
Package Information
8LUMAXD.EPS
Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.
12 ____________________Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600 (c) 1999 Maxim Integrated Products Printed USA is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products.

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