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rfHCS362G/362F
KEELOQ(R) Code Hopping Encoder with UHF ASK/FSK Transmitter
General:
* Combination KEELOQ encoder and synthesized UHF ASK/FSK transmitter in a single package * Operates on a single lithium coin cell - <200 nA typical standby current - 4.8 to 11.5 mA transmit current - 2.2 to 5.5V operation * Integrated solution with minimum external parts * Separate pin-outs for KEELOQ encoder and RF transmitter provides for design flexibility
Pin Diagrams
SOIC
VDD LED/SHIFT S0 S1 RFENIN CLKOUT PS/DATAASK VDDRF ANT2 *1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 VSS DATA S3/RFENOUT S2 XTAL LF NC VSSRF ANT1
rfHCS362G
SSOP
VDD LED/SHIFT S0 S1 XTAL RFENIN CLKOUT PS/DATAASK VDDRF ANT2 *1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 VSS DATA S3/RFENOUT S2 FSKOUT DATAFSK LF NC VSSRF ANT1
Code Hopping Encoder:
* Programmable minimum code word completion * Battery low signal transmitted to receiver with programmable threshold * Non-volatile EEPROM storage of synchronization data * Easy to use EEPROM programming interface * PWM or Manchester modulation * Selectable encoder data rate 417 to 3334 bps * On-chip tunable encoder oscillator * RF Enable output for transmitter control * Button inputs have internal pull-down resistors * Elapsed time and button queuing options * Current limiting on LED output * 2-bit CRC for error detection
rfHCS362F
Security:
Programmable 28/32-bit serial number Two programmable 64-bit encryption keys Programmable 60-bit seed Each 69-bit transmission is unique with 32 bits of hopping code * Encryption keys are read protected * * * *
UHF ASK/FSK Transmitter:
* Conforms to US FCC Part 15.231 regulations and European ERC 70-03E and EN 300 220-1 requirements * VCO phase locked to quartz crystal reference; allows narrow receiver bandwidth to maximize range and interference immunity * Crystal frequency divide by 4 output (CLKOUT) * Transmit frequency range (310 - 440 MHz) set by Crystal frequency * ASK Modulation * FSK Modulation through crystal pulling (rfHCS362F) * Adjustable output power: -12 dBm to +2 dBm * Differential output configurable for single or double ended loop antenna * Automatic power amplifier inhibit until PLL lock
Applications:
* * * * * * * Automotive Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) systems Automotive alarm systems Automotive immobilizers Community gate and garage door openers Identity tokens with usage counters Burglar alarm systems Building access
Features Device rfHCS362AG RFHCS362AF Encrypt Keys 2 x 64 2 x 64 Encoding PWM/MAN PWM/MAN Transmitter ASK ASK/FSK
(c) 2002 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS41189A-page 1
rfHCS362G/362F
1.0 General Description ....................................................................................................................................................................... 3 2.0 Device Description ......................................................................................................................................................................... 9 3.0 Encoder Operation....................................................................................................................................................................... 13 4.0 EEPROM Memory Organization .................................................................................................................................................. 21 5.0 Programming the rfHCS362G/362F............................................................................................................................................. 27 6.0 UHF ASK/FSK Transmitter .......................................................................................................................................................... 29 7.0 Integrating the rfHCS362G/362F into the System ....................................................................................................................... 37 8.0 Development Support .................................................................................................................................................................. 41 9.0 Electrical Characteristics.............................................................................................................................................................. 43 10.0 DC Characteristics ....................................................................................................................................................................... 45 11.0 Packaging Information ................................................................................................................................................................. 51 Appendix A: Data Sheet Revision History............................................................................................................................................ 54 On-Line Support................................................................................................................................................................................... 55 Reader Response ................................................................................................................................................................................ 56 rfHCS362G/362F Product Identification System.................................................................................................................................. 57
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DS41189A-page 2
Preliminary
(c) 2002 Microchip Technology Inc.
rfHCS362G/362F
1.0 GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The rfHCS362G/362F is a code hopping encoder plus UHF transmitter designed for secure wireless command and control systems. The rfHCS362G/362F utilizes the KEELOQ (R) code hopping technology which incorporates high security in a small package outline at a low cost to make this device well suited for unidirectional remote keyless entry systems and access control systems. The rfHCS362G/362F combines a 32-bit hopping code generated by a nonlinear encryption algorithm with a 28/32-bit serial number and 9/5 status bits to create a 69-bit transmission stream. The length of the transmission strongly resists the threat of code scanning. The code hopping mechanism makes each transmission unique, thus rendering code capture and resend (code grabbing) schemes virtually useless. The encryption key, serial number and configuration data are stored in an EEPROM array which is not accessible via any external connection. The EEPROM data is programmable but read protected. The data can be verified only after an automatic erase and programming operation. This protects against attempts to gain access to keys or manipulate synchronization values. The rfHCS362G/362F provides an easy to use serial interface for programming the necessary keys, system parameters and configuration data. The transmitter is a fully integrated UHF ASK/FSK transmitter consisting of crystal oscillator, PhaseLocked Loop (PLL), open-collector differential-output Power Amplifier (PA), and mode control logic. External components consist of bypass capacitors, crystal, and PLL loop filter. There are no internal electrical connections between the encoder and the transmitter. The encoder oscillator is independent from the transmitter crystal oscillator. The rfHCS362G is capable of Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) modulation by turning the PA on and off. The rfHCS362F is capable of ASK or Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) modulation by employing an internal FSK switch to pull the transmitter crystal via a second load capacitor. The rfHCS362G/362F is a single channel device. The transmit frequency is fixed and set by an external reference crystal. Transmit frequencies in the range of 310 to 440 MHz can be selected. Output drive is an opencollector differential amplifier. The differential output is well suited for loop antennas. Output power is adjustable from +2 dBm to -12 dBm in six discrete steps. The rfHCS362G/362F are radio frequency (RF) emitting devices. Wireless RF devices are governed by a country's regulating agency. For example, in the United States it is the Federal Communications Committee (FCC) and in Europe it is the European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations (CEPT). It is the responsibility of the designer to ensure that their end product conforms to rules and regulations of the country of use and/or sale. RF devices require correct board level implementation in order to meet regulatory requirements. Layout considerations are given in Section 6.0 UHF ASK/FSK Transmitter.
1.1
Important Terms
The following is a list of key terms used throughout this data sheet. For additional information on KEELOQ and Code Hopping refer to Technical Brief 3 (TB003). * RKE - Remote Keyless Entry * Button Status - Indicates what button input(s) activated the transmission. Encompasses the 4 button status bits S3, S2, S1 and S0 (Figure 3-6). * Code Hopping - A method by which a code, viewed externally to the system, appears to change unpredictably each time it is transmitted. * Code word - A block of data that is repeatedly transmitted upon button activation (Figure 3-6). * Transmission - A data stream consisting of repeating code words (Figure 10-1). * Encryption key - A unique and secret 64-bit number used to encrypt and decrypt data. In a symmetrical block cipher such as the KEELOQ algorithm, the encryption and decryption keys are equal and will be referred to generally as the encryption key. * Encoder - A device that generates and encodes data. * Encryption Algorithm - A recipe whereby data is scrambled using a encryption key. The data can only be interpreted by the respective decryption algorithm using the same encryption key. * Decoder - A device that decodes data received from an encoder. * Decryption algorithm - A recipe whereby data scrambled by an encryption algorithm can be unscrambled using the same encryption key. * Learn - Learning involves the receiver calculating the transmitter's appropriate encryption key, decrypting the received hopping code and storing the serial number, synchronization counter value and encryption key in EEPROM. The KEELOQ product family facilitates several learning strategies to be implemented on the decoder. The following are examples of what can be done. - Simple Learning The receiver uses a fixed encryption key, common to all components of all systems by the same manufacturer, to decrypt the received code word's encrypted portion.
(c) 2002 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS41189A-page 3
rfHCS362G/362F
- Normal Learning The receiver uses information transmitted during normal operation to derive the encryption key and decrypt the received code word's encrypted portion. - Secure Learn The transmitter is activated through a special button combination to transmit a stored 60-bit seed value used to generate the transmitter's encryption key. The receiver uses this seed value to derive the same encryption key and decrypt the received code word's encrypted portion. * Manufacturer's code - A unique and secret 64bit number used to generate unique encoder encryption keys. Each encoder is programmed with a encryption key that is a function of the manufacturer's code. Each decoder is programmed with the manufacturer code itself.
FIGURE 1-1: ADDITIONAL BUTTON INPUTS
VDD B4 B3 B2 B1 B0
S0 S1 S2 RFEN
1.2
Applications
The rfHCS362G/362F is suited for secure wireless remote control applications. The EEPROM technology makes customizing application programs (transmitter codes, appliance settings, etc.) extremely fast and convenient. The small footprint packages are suitable for applications with space limitations. Low-cost, lowpower, high performance, ease of use and I/O flexibility make the rfHCS362G/362F very versatile. Typical application circuits are shown in Figure 1-5 and Figure 1-6. Most low-end keyless entry transmitters are given a fixed identification code that is transmitted every time a button is pushed. The number of unique identification codes in a low-end system is usually a relatively small number. These shortcomings provide an opportunity for a sophisticated thief to create a device that `grabs' a transmission and retransmits it later, or a device that quickly `scans' all possible identification codes until the correct one is found. The rfHCS362G/362F, on the other hand, employs the KEELOQ code hopping technology coupled with a transmission length of 66 bits to virtually eliminate the use of code `grabbing' or code `scanning'. The high security level of the rfHCS362G/362F is based on patented technology. A block cipher based on a block length of 32 bits and a key length of 64 bits is used. The algorithm obscures the information in such a way that even if the transmission information (before coding) differs by only one bit from that of the previous transmission, the next coded transmission will be completely different. Statistically, if only one bit in the 32-bit string of information changes, approximately 50 percent of the coded transmission bits will change.
Up to 7 button inputs can be implemented making them look like a binary value to the 3 Sx inputs. This is done with switching diodes as shown in Figure 1-1. The disadvantage is that simultaneously pressed buttons now appear as if a single button is pressed. The rfHCS362G/362F has a small EEPROM array which must be loaded with several parameters before use. These are most often programmed by the manufacturer at the time of production. The most important of these are: * A 28-bit serial number, typically unique for every encoder * An encryption key * An initial 16-bit synchronization value * A 16-bit configuration value The encryption key generation typically inputs the transmitter serial number and 64-bit manufacturer's code into the key generation algorithm (Figure 1-2). The manufacturer's code is chosen by the system manufacturer and must be carefully controlled as it is a pivotal part of the overall system security. The 16-bit synchronization counter is the basis behind the transmitted code word changing for each transmission; it increments each time a button is pressed. Due to the code hopping algorithm's complexity, each increment of the synchronization value results in about 50% of the bits changing in the transmitted code word.
DS41189A-page 4
Preliminary
(c) 2002 Microchip Technology Inc.
rfHCS362G/362F
Figure 1-3 shows how the key values in EEPROM are used in the encoder. Once the encoder detects a button press, it reads the button inputs and updates the synchronization counter. The synchronization counter and encryption key are input to the encryption algorithm and the output is 32 bits of encrypted information. This data will change with every button press, its value appearing externally to `randomly hop around', hence it is referred to as the hopping portion of the code word. The 32-bit hopping code is combined with the button information and serial number to form the code word transmitted to the receiver. The code word format is explained in greater detail in Section 3.1. A receiver may use any type of controller as a decoder, but it is typically a microcontroller with compatible firmware that allows the decoder to operate in conjunction with an rfHCS362G/362F based transmitter. Section 7.0 provides detail on integrating the rfHCS362G/362F into a system. A transmitter must first be `learned' by the receiver before its use is allowed in the system. Learning includes calculating the transmitter's appropriate encryption key, decrypting the received hopping code and storing the serial number, synchronization counter value and encryption key in EEPROM. In normal operation, each received message of valid format is evaluated. The serial number is used to determine if it is from a learned transmitter. If from a learned transmitter, the message is decrypted and the synchronization counter is verified. Finally, the button status is checked to see what operation is requested. Figure 1-4 shows the relationship between some of the values stored by the receiver and the values received from the transmitter.
FIGURE 1-2:
Production Programmer
CREATION AND STORAGE OF ENCRYPTION KEY DURING PRODUCTION
rfHCS362 EEPROM Array
Serial Number Encryption Key Sync Counter
Transmitter Serial Number
Manufacturer's Code
Key Generation Algorithm
Encryption Key
. . .
(c) 2002 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS41189A-page 5
rfHCS362G/362F
FIGURE 1-3:
EEPROM Array Encryption Key Sync Counter Serial Number
BUILDING THE TRANSMITTED CODE WORD (ENCODER)
KEELOQ Encryption Algorithm
Button Press Information
Serial Number
32 Bits Encrypted Data
Transmitted Information
FIGURE 1-4:
BASIC OPERATION OF RECEIVER (DECODER)
1 Received Information EEPROM Array
Button Press Information
Serial Number
32 Bits of Encrypted Data
Manufacturer Code
2
Check for Match
Serial Number Sync Counter Encryption Key 3 KEELOQ Decryption Algorithm
Decrypted Synchronization Counter Perform Function 5 Indicated by button press
4
Check for Match
NOTE: Circled numbers indicate the order of execution.
DS41189A-page 6
Preliminary
(c) 2002 Microchip Technology Inc.
rfHCS362G/362F
FIGURE 1-5: ASK EXAMPLE APPLICATIONS CIRCUIT
(c) 2002 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS41189A-page 7
rfHCS362G/362F
FIGURE 1-6: FSK EXAMPLE APPLICATIONS CIRCUIT
DS41189A-page 8
Preliminary
(c) 2002 Microchip Technology Inc.
rfHCS362G/362F
2.0 DEVICE DESCRIPTION
FIGURE 2-1: rfHCS362 BLOCK DIAGRAM
Oscillator RESET Circuit LED LED Driver RFEN PLL Driver Controller Power Latching and Switching
The block diagram in Figure 2-1 shows the internal configuration with the top half representing the encoder and the bottom half the UHF transmitter. Note that connections between the encoder and transmitter are made external to the device for more versability. Typical application circuits are shown in Figure 1-5 and Figure 1-6. The rfHCS362G/362F requires only the addition of push button switches and few external components for use as a transmitter in your security application. See Table 2-1 for pinout description. Figure 2-2 shows the device I/O circuits.
VSS VDD
EEPROM DATA
Encoder
32-bit Shift Register SHIFT
Button Input Port S3 S2 S1 S0
DATAFSK (1)
RFENIN
Mode Control Logic
FSKOUT (1) FSK Switch
CLKOUT
Divide by 4
Crystal Oscillator
XTAL
VDDRF VSSRF Fixed Divide by 32
Phase Detector and Charge Pump LF Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO)
PS/DATAASK
Power Amplifier (PA)
ANT2 Note 1: rfHCS362F only.
ANT1
(c) 2002 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS41189A-page 9
rfHCS362G/362F
TABLE 2-1:
Name ANT1 ANT2 CLKOUT DATA DATAFSK FSKOUT LED/SHIFT LF PS/DATAASK RFENIN S0 S1 S2 S3/RFEN VDD VDDRF VSS VSSRF XTAL
rfHCS362G/362F PINOUT DESCRIPTION
SOIC Pin # 10 9 6 17 -- -- 2 13 7 5 3 4 15 16 1 8 18 11 14 SSOP Pin # 11 10 7 19 15 16 2 14 8 6 3 4 17 18 1 9 20 12 5 I/O/P Type O O O I/O I O I/O -- I I I I I I/O P P P P I Description Antenna connection to differential power amplifier output, open collector. Antenna connection to differential power amplifier output, open collector. Clock output. Encoder data output pin or serial programming. FSK data input. FSK crystal pulling output. Current limited LED driver. Input sampled before LED driven. External loop filter connection. Common node of charge pump output and VCO tuning input. Power select and ASK data input. Transmitter and CLKOUT enable. Internal pull-down. Switch input 0 with internal pull-down. Switch input 1 with internal pull-down. Switch input 2 with internal pull-down or Schmitt Trigger clock input during serial programming. Switch input 3 with internal pull-down or RF enable output as selected by RFEN option in configuration word SEED_3. Positive supply for encoder Positive supply for transmitter. Ground reference for encoder Ground reference for transmitter. Transmitter crystal connection to Colpitts type crystal oscillator.
Legend: I = input, O = output, I/O = input/output, P = power
DS41189A-page 10
Preliminary
(c) 2002 Microchip Technology Inc.
rfHCS362G/362F
FIGURE 2-2: I/O CIRCUITS
S0, S1, S2, RFENIN Inputs
RS
2.1
2.1.1
Encoder Architectural Overview
ONBOARD EEPROM
VDD
PFET
RFEN
S3 Input/ RFEN Output
RS VDD
The rfHCS362G/362F has an onboard nonvolatile EEPROM which is used to store user programmable data. The data can be programmed at the time of production and includes the security-related information such as encoder keys, serial numbers, discrimination and seed values. All the security related options are read protected. The rfHCS362G/362F has built-in protection against counter corruption. Before every EEPROM write, the internal circuitry also ensures that the high voltage required to write to the EEPROM is at an acceptable level.
DATA
PFET
2.1.2
INTERNAL RC OSCILLATOR
NFET
DATA I/O
RDATA
The rfHCS362G/362F has an onboard RC oscillator that controls all the logic output timing characteristics. The oscillator frequency varies within 10% of the nominal value (once calibrated over a voltage range of 2V - 3.5V or 3.5V - 6.3V). All the timing values specified in this document are subject to the oscillator variation.
FIGURE 2-3:
LED output SHIFT input
RL RH SHIFT
TYPICAL rfHCS362G/362F NORMALIZED OSCILLATOR PERIOD VS. TEMPERATURE
LEDL NFET NFET
LEDH
FSKOUT OUTPUT
ANT1, ANT2 outputs
NFET
RFENIN input
1.10 1.08 1.06 1.04 1.02 1.00 0.98 0.96 0.94 0.92 0.90 -50-40 -30-20-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 6070 80 90 Temperature C VDD Legend = 2.0V = 3.0V = 6.0V
VDDRF
LF 200
Change Pump
Note: Values are for calibrated oscillator
XTAL
200 VCO
V
DATAFSK input
5 pF
VDDRF CLKOUT PFET
VDDRF V 20 A
output
PS/DATAASK
NFET
PS
PLL Lock
(c) 2002 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS41189A-page 11
rfHCS362G/362F
2.1.3 LOW VOLTAGE DETECTOR FIGURE 2-5:
A low battery voltage detector onboard the rfHCS362G/ 362F can indicate when the operating voltage drops below a predetermined value. There are eight options available depending on the VLOW[0..2] configuration options. The options provided are: VDD (V)
rfHCS362 VLOW DETECTOR (TYPICAL)
000 - 2.0V 001 - 2.1V 010 - 2.2V 011 - 2.3V FIGURE 2-4:
100 - 4.0V 101 - 4.2V 110 - 4.4V 111 - 4.6V rfHCS362 VLOW DETECTOR (TYPICAL)
5.5 5.3 5.1 4.9 4.7 4.5 4.3 4.1 3.9 3.7 3.5 -40 -25 -10 5 20 35 50 65 80
Temperature (C) VLOW Option
x s v
2.7 2.5
VDD (V)
2.3 2.1 1.9 1.7 1.5 -40 -25 -10 5 20 35 50 65 80
= = = "=
100 101 110 111
The output of the low voltage detector is transmitted in each code word, so the decoder can give an indication to the user that the transmitter battery is low. Operation of the LED changes as well to further indicate that the battery is low and needs replacing.
Temperature (C) VLOW Option
x s v
= = = "=
000 001 010 011
DS41189A-page 12
Preliminary
(c) 2002 Microchip Technology Inc.
rfHCS362G/362F
3.0 ENCODER OPERATION
FIGURE 3-1:
The rfHCS362G/362F will wake-up upon detecting a switch closure and then delay for switch debounce (Figure 3-1). The synchronization information, fixed information and switch information will be encrypted to form the hopping code. The encrypted or hopping code portion of the transmission will change every time a button is pressed, even if the same button is pushed again. Keeping a button pressed for a long time will result in the same code word being transmitted until the button is released or time-out occurs. The time-out time can be selected with the time-out (TIMOUT[0..1]) configuration option. This option allows the time-out to be disabled or set to 0.8 s, 3.2 s or 25.6 s. When a time-out occurs, the device will go into SLEEP mode to protect the battery from draining when a button gets stuck. If in the transmit process, and a new button is pressed, the current code word will be aborted. A new code word will be transmitted and the time-out counter will RESET. If all the buttons are released, the minimum code words will be completed. The minimum code words can be set to 1, 2, 4 or 8 using the Minimum Code Words (MTX[0..1]) configuration option. If the time for transmitting the minimum code words is longer than the time-out time, the device will not complete the minimum code words. Note: If multiple buttons are pressed and one is released, it will not have any effect on the code word. If no buttons remain pressed the minimum code words will be completed and the power-down will occur.
BASIC FLOW DIAGRAM OF THE DEVICE OPERATION
START
Sample Buttons
Get Config.
Seed TX? No Increment Counter
Yes
Read Seed
Encrypt
Transmit
Yes Time-out No No MTX Yes No Buttons No Seed Time No No New Buttons Yes Yes Seed Button No Yes STOP
A code that has been transmitted will not occur again for more than 64K transmissions. This will provide more than 18 years of typical use before a code is repeated based on 10 operations per day. Overflow information programmed into the encoder can be used by the decoder to extend the number of unique transmissions to more than 192K.
Yes
(c) 2002 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS41189A-page 13
rfHCS362G/362F
3.1 Transmission Modulation Format
The rfHCS362 transmission is made up of several code words. Each code word consists of a preamble, a header and data (see Figure 3-2). The code words are separated by a Guard Time that can be set to 0 ms, 6.4 ms, 25.6 ms or 76.8 ms with the Guard Time Select (GUARD[0..1]) configuration option. All other timing specifications for the modulation formats are based on a basic timing element (TE). This Timing Element can be set to 100 s, 200 s, 400 s or 800 s with the Baud Rate Select (BSEL[0..1]) configuration option. The Header Time can be set to 3 TE or 10 TE with the Header Select (HEADER) configuration option. There are two different modulation formats available on the rfHCS362 that can be set using the Modulation Select (MOD) configuration option: * Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) * Manchester Encoding Modulation formats are shown in Figure 3-3 and Figure 3-4. Code word data formats are shown in Figure 3-6.
FIGURE 3-2:
CODE WORD TRANSMISSION SEQUENCE
1 CODE WORD
Preamble
Header
Encrypt
Fixed
Guard
Preamble
Header
Encrypt
FIGURE 3-3:
PULSE WIDTH MODULATION TRANSMISSION FORMAT
TE LOGIC "0" LOGIC "1" TBP TE TE
1
16
31 TE Preamble
3/10 TE Header
Encrypted Portion
Fixed Code Portion
Guard Time
FIGURE 3-4:
MANCHESTER TRANSMISSION FORMAT
TE TE
LOGIC "0"
LOGIC "1" TBP START bit bit 0 bit 1 bit 2 1 2 16 STOP bit
Preamble
Header
Encrypted Portion
Fixed Code Portion
Guard Time
DS41189A-page 14
Preliminary
(c) 2002 Microchip Technology Inc.
rfHCS362G/362F
3.1.1 CODE HOPPING DATA 3.1.4.1 Low Voltage Detector Status (VLOW)
The hopping portion is calculated by encrypting the counter, discrimination value and function code with the Encoder Key (KEY). The counter is 16 bits wide. The discrimination value is 10 bits wide. There are 2 counter overflow bits (OVR) that are cleared when the counter wraps to 0. The rest of the 32 bits are made up of the function code also known as the button inputs. The output of the low voltage detector is transmitted with each code word. If VDD drops below the selected voltage, a logic `1' will be transmitted. The output of the detector is sampled before each code word is transmitted.
3.1.4.2
Button Queue Information (QUEUE)
3.1.2
FIXED CODE DATA
The 32 bits of fixed code consist of 28 bits of the serial number (SER) and another copy of the function code. This can be changed to contain the whole 32-bit serial number with the Extended Serial Number (XSER) configuration option.
The queue bits indicate a button combination was pressed again within 2 s after releasing the previous activation. Queuing or repeated pressing of the same buttons (or button combination) is detected by the rfHCS362 button debouncing circuitry. The Queue bits are added as the last two bits of the standard code word. The queue bits are a 2-bit counter that does not wrap. The counter value starts at `00b' and is incremented if a button is pushed within 2 s of the previous button press. The current code word is terminated when the buttons are queued. This allows additional functionality for repeated button presses. The button inputs are sampled every 6.4 ms during this 2 s period.
3.1.3
MINIMUM CODE WORDS
MTX[0..1] configuration bits selects the minimum
number of code words that will be transmitted. If the button is released after 1.6 s (or greater) and MTX code words have been transmitted, the code word being transmitted will be terminated. The possible values are:
00 - 1 01 - 2 10 - 4 11 - 8 3.1.4 STATUS INFORMATION
00 - first activation 01 - second activation 10 - third activation 11 - from fourth activation on 3.1.4.3 Time BITS
The status bits will always contain the output of the Low Voltage detector (VLOW), the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits (or TIME bits depending on CTSEL) and the Button Queue information.
The time bits (Figure 3-5) indicate the duration that the inputs were activated:
00 - immediate 01 - after 0.8 s 10 - after 1.6 s 11 - after 2.4 s
The TIME bits are incremented every 0.8 s and will not wrap once it reaches `11'. Time information is alternative to the CRC bits availability and is selected by the CTSEL configuration bit.
FIGURE 3-5:
TIME BITS OPERATION
S[3210] Time bits = 00 DATA Time bits set internally to 01 Time bits set internally to 10
TTD Time 0s = One Code Word
Time bits actually output
Time bits actually output
0.8 s
1.6 s
2.4 s
(c) 2002 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS41189A-page 15
rfHCS362G/362F
3.1.4.4 Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)
Warning: The CRC may be wrong when the battery voltage is near the selected VLOW trip point. This may happen because VLOW is sampled twice each transmission, once for the CRC calculation and once when VLOW is transmitted. VDD tends to move slightly during a transmission which could lead to a different value for VLOW being used for the CRC calculation and the transmission. Work around: If the CRC is incorrect, recalculate for the opposite value of VLOW. The CRC bits are calculated on the 65 previously transmitted bits. The decoder can use the CRC bits to check the data integrity before processing starts. The CRC can detect all single bit errors and 66% of double bit errors. The CRC is computed as follows:
EQUATION 3-1:
CRC Calculation
CRC [ 1 ] n + 1 = CRC [ 0 ] n Din and CRC [ 0 ] n + 1 = ( CRC [ 0 ] n Di n ) CRC [ 1 ]n with CRC [ 1, 0 ] 0 = 0 and Din the nth transmission bit 0 n 64
DS41189A-page 16
Preliminary
(c) 2002 Microchip Technology Inc.
rfHCS362G/362F
FIGURE 3-6: CODE WORD DATA FORMAT
With XSER = 0, CTSEL = 0 Status Information (5 bits) QUE 2 bits CRC 2 bits VLOW 1-bit BUT 4 bits S3 Fixed Code Portion (32 bits) Encrypted Portion (32 bits) Synchronization Counter 16 bits 15 0
SERIAL NUMBER (28 bits) S2 S1
Counter BUT Overflow 2 bits 4 bits S0 S3 OVR1
DISC 10 bits OVR0
Q1 Q0 C1 C0
S2 S1 S0
With XSER = 1, CTSEL = 0 Status Information (5 bits) QUE 2 bits CRC 2 bits VLOW 1-bit Fixed Portion (32 bits) Encrypted Portion (32 bits) Synchronization Counter 16 bits 15 0
SERIAL NUMBER (32 bits) S2 S1
Counter BUT Overflow 4 bits 2 bits S0 S3 OVR1
DISC 10 bits OVR0
Q1 Q0 C1 C0 With XSER = 0, CTSEL = 1 Status Information (5 bits) QUE 2 bits TIME 2 bits T0 VLOW 1-bit BUT 4 bits S3 Fixed Portion (32 bits)
Encrypted Portion (32 bits) Synchronization Counter 16 bits 15 0
SERIAL NUMBER (28 bits) S2 S1
Counter BUT Overflow 4 bits 2 bits S0 S3 OVR1
DISC 10 bits OVR0
Q1 Q0 T1
S2 S1 S0
With XSER = 1, CTSEL = 1 Status Information (5 bits) QUE 2 bits TIME 2 bits T0 VLOW 1-bit Fixed Portion (32 bits) Encrypted Portion (32 bits) Synchronization Counter 16 bits 15 0
SERIAL NUMBER (32 bits) S2 S1
Counter BUT Overflow 4 bits 2 bits S0 S3 OVR1
DISC 10 bits OVR0
Q1 Q0 T1
Transmission Direction LSB First
(c) 2002 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS41189A-page 17
rfHCS362G/362F
3.2 LED Output 3.3 Dual Encoder Operation
The LED pin will be driven LOW periodically while the rfHCS362 is transmitting data to power an external LED. The duty cycle (TLEDON/TLEDOFF) can be selected between two possible values by the configuration option (LED). The rfHCS362G/362F contains two encryption keys (for example derived from two different Manufacturer's Codes), but only one Serial Number, one set of Discrimination bits, one 16-bit Synchronization Counter and a single 60-bit Seed value. For this reason the rfHCS362G/362F can be used as an encoder in multiple (two) applications as far as they share the same configuration: transmission format, baud rate, header and guard settings. The SHIFT input pin (multiplexed with the LED output) is used to select between the two encryption keys. A logic 1 on the SHIFT input pin selects the first encryption key.
TLEDON = 25 ms VDD < VLOW
LED
FIGURE 3-7:
S[3210] VDD > VLOW LED
LED OPERATION (LED = 1)
TLEDON TLEDOFF
TLEDOFF = 500 ms
A logic 0 on the SHIFT input pin will select the second encryption key.
FIGURE 3-9:
USING DUAL ENCODER OPERATION
VDD
The same configuration option determines whether when the VDD Voltage drops below the selected VLOW trip point the LED will blink only once or stop blinking.
FIGURE 3-8:
S[3210] VDD > VLOW LED
LED OPERATION (LED = 0)
VDD
TLEDON
TLEDOFF
LED/SHIFT DATA
TLEDON = 200 ms VDD < VLOW
TLEDOFF = 800 ms
VSS
1 k SHIFT
LED
Note:
When the rfHCS362 encoder is used as a Dual Encoder the LED pin is used as a SHIFT input (Figure 3-9). In such a configuration the LED is always ON during transmission. To keep power consumption low, it is recommended to use a series resistor of relatively high value. VLOW information is not available when using the second Encryption Key.
DS41189A-page 18
Preliminary
(c) 2002 Microchip Technology Inc.
rfHCS362G/362F
FIGURE 3-10: SEED CODE WORD FORMAT
With QUEN = 1 Fixed Portion (9 bits) QUE CRC VLOW (2 bits) (2 bits) (1-bit) Q1 Q0 C1 C0 1 BUT (4 bits) 1 1 1 Transmission Direction LSB First SEED Code (60 bits) SEED
3.4
Seed Code Word Data Format
TABLE 3-1:
SEED OPTIONS (SEEDC = 0)
Seed 1.6 s Delayed Seed S[3210]
A seed transmission transmits a unencrypted code word that consists of 60 bits of fixed data that is stored in the EEPROM. This can be used for secure learning of encoders or whenever a fixed code transmission is required. The seed code word further contains the function code and the status information (VLOW, CRC and QUEUE) as configured for normal code hopping code words. The seed code word format is shown in Figure 3-10. The function code for seed code words is always `1111b'. Seed code words can be configured as follows: * Enabled permanently. * Disabled permanently. * Enabled until the synchronization counter is greater than 7Fh, this configuration is often referred to as Limited Seed. * The time before the seed code word is transmitted can be set to 1.6 s or 3.2 s, this configuration is often referred to as Delayed Seed. When this option is selected, the rfHCS362 will transmit a code hopping code word for 1.6 s or 3.2 s, before the seed code word is transmitted.
SEED
S[3210]
00 01 10 11
Note:
0101* 0101 0101
*Limited Seed
0001* 0001 -
TABLE 3-2:
SEED OPTIONS (SEEDC = 1)
Seed 3.2 s Delayed Seed S[3210]
SEED
S[3210]
00 01 10 11
Note:
1001* 1001 1001
*Limited Seed
0011* 0011 -
3.4.1
SEED OPTIONS
The button combination (S[3210]) for transmitting a Seed code word can be selected with the Seed and SeedC (SEED[0..1] and SEEDC) configuration options as shown in Table 3-1 and Table 3-2:
Example A): Selecting SEEDC = 1 and SEED = 11: makes SEED transmission available every time the combination of buttons S3 and S0 is pressed simultaneously, but Delayed Seed mode is not available. Example B): Selecting SEEDC = 0 and SEED = 01: makes SEED transmission available only for a limited time (only up to 128 times). The combination of buttons S2 and S0 produces an immediate transmission of the SEED code. Pressing and holding for more than 1.6 seconds the S0 button alone produces the SEED code word transmission (Delayed Seed).
(c) 2002 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS41189A-page 19
rfHCS362G/362F
3.5 RF Enable and Transmitter Interface
transmitter crystal oscillator and PLL time to startup (TPLL). The RFENOUT signal will go LOW one guard time after the end of the last code word. When the RF Enable output is selected, the S3 pin can still be used as a button input. However, only minimum code words will be transmitted. An alternative solution for more than three push buttons can be the switching diode circuit described in Section 1.2. In typical implementations of the rfHCS362G/362F, the encoder RFENOUT pin is connected to the transmitter RFENIN pin. The S3/RFENOUT pin of the rfHCS362 can be configured to function as an RF Enable output signal. This is selected by the RF Enable Output (RFEN) configuration option as described in Section 4.5.13. When enabled, this pin will be driven HIGH before data is transmitted through the DATA pin. The RFENOUT and DATA pins are synchronized to interface with the transmitter. Figure 3-11 shows the start-up sequence. A button is debounced and the EEPROM counter advanced during the power-up delay (TPU). Then the RFENOUT pin goes high to enable the transmitter. The DATA output is delayed to give the
FIGURE 3-11: PLL INTERFACE
Button Press Button Release
S[3210]
RFENOUT
DATA TPU TPLL 1st CODE WORD 2nd CODE WORD Guard Time TG
DS41189A-page 20
Preliminary
(c) 2002 Microchip Technology Inc.
rfHCS362G/362F
4.0 EEPROM MEMORY ORGANIZATION
4.1 KEY_0 - KEY_3 (64-bit Encryption Key)
The rfHCS362G/362F contains 288 bits (18 x 16-bit words) of EEPROM memory (Table 4-1). This EEPROM array is used to store the encryption key information and synchronization value. Further descriptions of the memory array is given in the following sections.
TABLE 4-1:
Word Address 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
EEPROM MEMORY MAP
Field Description
The 64-bit encryption key is used to create the encrypted message. This key is calculated and programmed during production using a key generation algorithm. The key generation algorithm may be different from the KEELOQ algorithm. Inputs to the key generation algorithm are typically the transmitter's serial number and the 64-bit manufacturer's code. While the key generation algorithm supplied from Microchip is the typical method used, a user may elect to create their own method of key generation.
4.2
KEY1_0 KEY1_1 KEY1_2 KEY1_3 KEY2_0 KEY2_1 KEY2_2 KEY2_3 SEED_0 SEED_1 SEED_2 SEED_3 CONFIG_0 CONFIG_1 SERIAL_0 SERIAL_1 SYNC RES
64-bit Encryption Key1 (Word 0) LSB 64-bit Encryption Key1 (Word 1) 64-bit Encryption Key1 (Word 2) 64-bit Encryption Key1 (Word 3) MSB 64-bit Encryption Key2 (Word 0) LSB 64-bit Encryption Key2 (Word 1) 64-bit Encryption Key2 (Word 2) 64-bit Encryption Key2 (Word 3) MSB Seed value (Word 0) LSB Seed value (Word 1) Seed value (Word 2) Seed value (Word 3) MSB Configuration Word (Word 0) Configuration Word (Word 1) Serial Number (Word 0) LSB Serial Number (Word 1) MSB Synchronization counter Reserved - Set to zero
SYNC (Synchronization Counter)
This is the 16-bit synchronization value that is used to create the hopping code for transmission. This value will be incremented after every transmission.
4.3
SEED_0, SEED_1, SEED_2, and SEED 3 (Seed Word)
This is the four word (60 bits) seed code that will be transmitted when seed transmission is selected. This allows the system designer to implement the secure learn feature or use this fixed code word as part of a different key generation/tracking process or purely as a fixed code transmission. Note: Upper four Significant bits of SEED_3 contains extra configuration information (see Table 4-5).
4.4
SERIAL_0, SERIAL_1 (Encoder Serial Number)
SERIAL_0 and SERIAL_1 are the lower and upper words of the device serial number, respectively. There are 32 bits allocated for the serial number and a selectable configuration bit determines whether 32 or 28 bits will be transmitted. The serial number is meant to be unique for every transmitter.
(c) 2002 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS41189A-page 21
rfHCS362G/362F
TABLE 4-2:
Bit Address 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
CONFIG_0
Field Description Oscillator adjust Values
OSC_0 OSC_1 OSC_2 OSC_3 VLOW_0 VLOW_1 VLOW_2 BSEL_0 BSEL_1 MTX_0 MTX_1 GUARD_0 GUARD_1 TIMOUT_0 TIMOUT_1 CTSEL
0000 - nominal 1000 - fastest 0111 - slowest
VLOW select
nominal values
7 8
Bit rate select
9 10
Minimum number of code words
11 12
Guard time select
13 14
Time-out select
15
CTSEL
000 - 2.0V 100 - 4.0V 001 - 2.1V 101 - 4.2V 010 - 2.2V 110 - 4.4V 011 - 2.3V 111 - 4.6V 00 - TE = 100 s 01 - TE = 200 s 10 - TE = 400 s 11 - TE = 800 s 00 - 1 01 - 2 10 - 4 11 - 8 00 - 0 ms (1 TE) 01 - 6.4 ms + 2 TE 10 - 25.6 ms + 2 TE 11 - 76.8 ms + 2 TE 00 - No Time-out 01 - 0.8 s to 0.8 s + 1 code word 10 - 3.2 s to 3.2 s + 1 code word 11 - 25.6 s to 25.6 s + 1 code word 0 = TIME bits 1 = CRC bits BSEL[0..1]
4.5
Configuration Words
4.5.3
There are 36 configuration bits stored in the EEPROM array. They are used by the device to determine transmission speed, format, delays and Guard times. They are grouped in three Configuration Words: CONFIG_0, CONFIG_1 and the upper nybble of the SEED_3 word. A description of each of the bits follows this section.
The basic timing element TE, determines the actual transmission Baud Rate. This translates to different code word lengths depending on the encoding format selected (Manchester or PWM), the Header length selection and the Guard time selection, from approximately 40 ms up to 220 ms. Refer to Table 4-2 for bit rate configuration. Refer to Figure 10-3 through Figure 10-6 for code word timing.
4.5.1
OSC 4.5.4 MTX[0..1] MTX selects the minimum number of code words that will be transmitted. A minimum of 1, 2, 4 or 8 code words will be transmitted.
Note: If MTX and BSEL settings in combination require a transmission sequence to exceed the TIMOUT setting, TIMOUT will take priority.
The internal oscillator can be tuned to 10%. (0000 selects the nominal value, 1000 the fastest value and 0111 the slowest). When programming the device, it is the programmer's responsibility to determine the optimal calibration value.
4.5.2
VLOW[0..2]
The low voltage threshold can be programmed to be any of the values shown in Table 4-2.
DS41189A-page 22
Preliminary
(c) 2002 Microchip Technology Inc.
rfHCS362G/362F
TABLE 4-3:
Bit Address 0 1 2 ... 8 9 10 11 12 13
CONFIG_1
Field Description Discrimination bits Values
DISC_0 DISC_1 DISC_2 ... DISC_8 DISC_9 OVR_0 OVR_1 XSER SEEDC
DISC[9:0]
Overflow Extended Serial Number Seed Control
OVR[1:0] 0 - Disable 1 - Enable 0 = Seed transmission on: S[3210] = 0001 (delay 1.6 s) S[3210] = 0101 (immediate) 1 = Seed transmission on: S[3210] = 0011 (delay 3.2 s) S[3210] = 1001 (immediate)
14 15
SEED_0 SEED_1
Seed options
00 01 10 11
-
No Seed Limited Seed (Permanent and Delayed) Permanent and Delayed Seed Permanent Seed only
4.5.5
GUARD
The Guard time between code words can be set to 0 ms, 6.4 ms, 25.6 ms and 76.8 ms. If during a series of code words, the output changes from Hopping Code to Seed the Guard time will increase by 3 x TE.
enabled by setting to logical "1" the two overflow bits OVL0 and OVL1. The overflow bits form part of the encrypted transmission, and therefore can be examined by receiver firmware. Table 4-4 shows how the overflow bits act when they are set to one during initial device configuration.
4.5.6
TIMOUT[0..1]
TABLE 4-4:
Sync. Counter No overflow 0-FFFFH First overflow 2nd 0-FFFFH Second overflow Third 0-FFFFH Subsequent overflows OVL0 1 0 0 0 OVL1 1 1 0 0
The transmission time-out can be set to 0.8 s, 3.2 s, 25.6 s or no time-out. After the time-out period, the encoder will stop transmission and enter a low power Shutdown mode.
4.5.7
DISC[0..9]
The discrimination bits are used to validate the decrypted code word. The discrimination value is typically programmed with the 10 Least Significant bits of the serial number or a fixed value.
4.5.8
OVR[0..1]
The automatically incrementing synchronization counter is at the core of generating the varying code. Since the counter is limited to 16 bits, it overflows after 65536 increments, after which the code hopping sequence repeats. In practice, this allows 20+ operations per day for ten years before repeating the sequence. In addition, two overflow bits allow the sequence to be extended further. The feature is
As can be seen from the table, the counter is effectively extended by one bit, that is OVL0. In addition, OVL1 provides indication of the second counter overflow. After the second overflow, OVL0 and OVL1 remain zero, providing permanent evidence of the first and second overflow events.
(c) 2002 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS41189A-page 23
rfHCS362G/362F
4.5.9 XSER
If XSER is enabled a 32-bit serial number is transmitted. If XSER is disabled a 28-bit serial number and a 4-bit function code are transmitted. In limited Seed mode, the device will output the seed if the sync counter (Section 4.2) is from 00hex to 7Fhex. For a counter higher than 7F, a normal hopping code will be output. Note: Whenever a SEED code word is output, the 4 function bits (Figure 3-10) will be set to all ones [1,1,1,1].
4.5.10
SEED[0..1] 4.5.11
The seed value which is transmitted on key combinations (0011) and (1001) can be disabled, enabled or enabled for a limited number of transmissions determined by the initial counter value.
SEEDC
SEEDC selects between seed transmission on 0001 and 0101 (SEEDC = 0) and 0011 and 1001 (SEEDC = 1). The delay before seed transmission is 1.6 s for (SEEDC = 0) and 3.2 s for (SEEDC = 1).
TABLE 4-5:
Bit Address 0 1 2 ... 9 10 11 12
SEED_3
Field Description Seed Most Significant word -- Values
SEED_48 SEED_49 SEED_50 ... SEED_57 SEED_58 SEED_59 LED
LED output timing
0 = VBOT>VLOW
LED blink 200/800 ms VBOT1 = VBOT>VLOW
LED blink 25/500 ms VBOTMOD RFEN
Modulation Format RF Enable/S3 multiplexing
0 = PWM 1 = MANCHESTER 0 - Enabled
(S3 only sensed 2 seconds after the last button is released)
1 - Disabled (S3 same as other S inputs)
15
HEADER
PWM Header Length
0 = short Header, TH = 3 x TE 1 = standard Header, TH = 10 x TE
DS41189A-page 24
Preliminary
(c) 2002 Microchip Technology Inc.
rfHCS362G/362F
4.5.12 HEADER
When PWM mode is selected the header length (low time between preamble and data bits start) can be set to 10 x TE or 3 x TE. The 10 x TE mode is recommended for compatibility with previous KEELOQ encoder models. In Manchester mode, the header length is fixed and set to 4 x TE. mission. If disabled S3 functions the same as the other S inputs. For typical implementation of the rfHCS362G/ 362F the RFEN bit = 0.
4.6
SYNCHRONOUS MODE
4.5.13
RFEN
RFEN selects whether the
RFEN output is enabled or disabled. If enabled, S3 is only sampled 2 s after the last button is released and at the start of the first trans-
In Synchronous mode, the code word can be clocked out on DATA using S2 as a clock. To enter Synchronous mode, S2 must be taken HIGH and then DATA and S0 or S1 are taken HIGH. After Synchronous mode is entered, DATA and S2 must be taken LOW. The data is clocked out on DATA on every falling edge of S2. Auto-shutoff timer is not disabled in Synchronous mode. Refer to Figure 4-1 and Figure 4-2.
FIGURE 4-1:
TPS DATA
SYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION MODE
TPH1 TPH2 t = 50ms 35 pulses on S2 Preamble Header Data
S2
S0 or S1
"01,10,11"
TRFON RFEN
FIGURE 4-2:
CODE WORD ORGANIZATION (SYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION MODE)
Fixed Portion Encrypted Portion Serial Number (28 bits) Button Status S2 S1 S0 S3 DISC+ OVR (12 bits) Sync Counter (16 bits) LSb
QUEUE (2 bits) MSb
CRC (2 bits)
Vlow (1-bit)
Button Status S2 S1 S0 S3
69 Data bits Transmitted LSb first.
(c) 2002 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS41189A-page 25
rfHCS362G/362F
NOTES:
DS41189A-page 26
Preliminary
(c) 2002 Microchip Technology Inc.
rfHCS362G/362F
5.0 PROGRAMMING THE rfHCS362G/362F
cycle to complete. This delay can take up to Twc. At the end of the programming cycle, the device can be verified (Figure 5-2) by reading back the EEPROM. Reading is done by clocking the S2 line and reading the data bits on DATA. For security reasons, it is not possible to execute a Verify function without first programming the EEPROM. A Verify operation can only be done once, immediately following the Program cycle. Note: To ensure that the device does not accidentally enter Programming mode, DATA should never be pulled high by the circuit connected to it. Special care should be taken when driving circuits other than the RFENIN.
When using the rfHCS362G/362F in a system, the user will have to program some parameters into the device, including the serial number and the secret key before it can be used. The programming cycle allows the user to input all 288 bits in a serial data stream, which are then stored internally in EEPROM. Programming will be initiated by forcing the DATA line HIGH, after the S2 line has been held HIGH for the appropriate length of time (Table 10-3 and Figure 5-1). After the Program mode is entered, a delay must be provided to the device for the automatic bulk write cycle to complete. This will write all locations in the EEPROM to an all zeros pattern including the OSC calibration bits. The device can then be programmed by clocking in 16 bits at a time, using S2 as the clock line and DATA as the data in-line. After each 16-bit word is loaded, a programming delay is required for the internal program
FIGURE 5-1:
PROGRAMMING WAVEFORMS
TPBW TCLKH TDS TWC
Enter Program Mode
S2 (S3) (Clock) TPS TPH1 DATA (Data) TPH2 TCLKL
Bit 0 Bit 1 Bit 2
TDH
Bit 3 Bit 14 Bit 15 Bit 16 Bit 17
Data for Word 0 (KEY_0) Repeat for each word (18 times)
Data for Word 1
Note 1: Unused button inputs to be held to ground during the entire programming sequence. 2: The VDD pin must be taken to ground after a Program/Verify cycle.
FIGURE 5-2:
VERIFY WAVEFORMS
Beginning of Verify Cycle Data from Word 0
End of Programming Cycle
DATA (Data) S2 (S3) (Clock)
Bit286 Bit287
Bit 0
Bit 1 Bit 2
Bit 3
Bit 14
Bit 15
Bit 16 Bit 17
Bit286 Bit287
TWC
TDV
Note: If a Verify operation is to be done, then it must immediately follow the Program cycle.
(c) 2002 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS41189A-page 27
rfHCS362G/362F
NOTES:
DS41189A-page 28
Preliminary
(c) 2002 Microchip Technology Inc.
rfHCS362G/362F
6.0
6.1
UHF ASK/FSK TRANSMITTER
Transmitter Operation
6.2
Supply Voltage (VDDRF, VSSRF)
The transmitter is a fully integrated UHF ASK/FSK transmitter consisting of crystal oscillator, PhaseLocked Loop (PLL), open-collector differential-output Power Amplifier (PA), and mode control logic. External components consist of bypass capacitors, crystal, and PLL loop filter. The rfHCS362G is capable of Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) modulation. The rfHCS362F is capable of ASK or Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) modulation by employing an internal FSK switch to pull the transmitter crystal via a second load capacitor. Figure 2-1 shows the internal structure of the transmitter. Transmitter connections are independent from the encoder to provide for maximum design flexibility. Example application circuits for ASK or FSK modulation are presented in Section 1.2. The rfHCS362G/362F are radio frequency (RF) emitting devices. Wireless RF devices are governed by a country's regulating agency. For example, in the United States it is the Federal Communications Committee (FCC) and in Europe it is the European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations (CEPT). It is the responsibility of the designer to ensure that their end product conforms to rules and regulations of the country of use and/or sale. RF devices require correct board level implementation in order to meet regulatory requirements. Layout considerations are listed at the end of each subsection. It is best to place a ground plane on the PCB to reduce radio frequency emissions and cross talk.
Pins VDDRF and VSSRF supply power and ground respectively to the transmitter. These power pins are separate from power supply pins VDD and VSS to the encoder. Layout Considerations - Provide low impedance power and ground traces to minimize spurious emissions. A two-sided PCB with a ground plane on the bottom layer is highly recommended. Separate bypass capacitors should be connected as close as possible to each of the supply pins VDD and VDDRF. Connect VSS and VSSRF to the ground plane using separate PCB vias. Do not share a PCB via with multiple ground traces.
6.3
Crystal Oscillator
The transmitter crystal oscillator is a Colpitts oscillator that provides the reference frequency to the PLL. It is independent from the encoder oscillator. An external crystal or AC coupled reference signal is connected to the XTAL pin. The transmit frequency is fixed and determined by the crystal frequency according to the formula:
f transmit = f XTAL x 32
Due to the flexible selection of transmit frequency, the resulting crystal frequency may not be a standard offthe-shelf value. Therefore, for some carrier frequencies the designer will have to consult a crystal manufacturer and have a custom crystal manufactured. Crystal parameters are listed in Table 6-1. For background information on crystal selection see Application Note AN588, PICmicro(R) Microcontroller Oscillator Design Guide, and AN826 Crystal Oscillator Basics and Crystal Selection for rfPICTM and PICmicro(R) Devices. The crystal oscillator start time (ton) is listed in Table 10-7, Transmitter AC Characteristics.
TABLE 6-1:
Sym fXTAL CL CO ESR
CRYSTAL PARAMETERS
Characteristic Crystal Frequency Load Capacitance Shunt Capacitance Equivalent Series Resistance Min 9.69 10 -- -- Max 15 15 7 60 Units MHz pF pF Conditions Parallel Resonant Mode
These values are for design guidance only.
(c) 2002 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS41189A-page 29
rfHCS362G/362F
6.3.1 CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR ASK OPERATION FIGURE 6-1: EXAMPLE ASK EXTERNAL CRYSTAL CIRCUIT
The rfHCS362G/362F crystal oscillator can be configured for ASK operation. Figure 6-1 shows an example ASK circuit. Capacitor C1 trims the crystal load capacitance to the desired circuit load capacitance and places the crystal on the desired frequency.
X1 rfHCS362G/ 362F C1 XTAL
TABLE 6-2:
C1 22 pF 39 pF 100 pF 150 pF 470 pF 1000 pF
XTAL OSC APPROXIMATE FREQ. VS. CAPACITANCE (ASK MODE) (1)
Predicted Frequency (MHz) 13.551438 13.550563 13.549844 13.549672 13.549548 13.549344 PPM from 13.55 MHz +106 +42 -12 -24 -33 -48 Transmit Frequency (MHz) (32 * fXTAL) 433.646 433.618 433.595 433.5895 433.5856 433.579
Note 1: Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) TA = 25C, RFEN = 1, VDDRF = 3V, fXTAL = 13.55 MHz
DS41189A-page 30
Preliminary
(c) 2002 Microchip Technology Inc.
rfHCS362G/362F
6.3.2 CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR FSK OPERATION
The rfHCS362F crystal oscillator can be configured for FSK operation. Figure 6-2 shows an example FSK circuit. Capacitors C1 and C2 achieve FSK modulation by pulling the crystal. When DATAFSK = 1, FSKOUT is high-impedance effectively coupling only capacitor C1 to the crystal and the resulting transmit frequency equals fMAX. When DATAFSK = 0, FSKOUT is grounded to VSSRF and will parallel capacitor C2 with C1. The resulting transmit frequency will equal fMIN. Selecting the appropriate values for C1 and C2 sets the center frequency and frequency deviation. Capacitor C1 sets fMAX and capacitors C1 and C2 in parallel set fMIN. The graph in Figure 6-3 illustrates this relationship. The transmit center frequency fC is defined as:
fc =
f max + f min 2
The frequency deviation of the transmit frequency is defined as:
f =
f max - f min 2
Layout considerations - Avoid parallel traces in order to reduce circuit stray capacitance. Keep traces as short as possible. Isolate components to prevent coupling. Use ground traces to isolate signals.
TABLE 6-3:
TYPICAL TRANSMIT CENTER FREQUENCY AND FREQUENCY DEVIATION (FSK MODE) (1)
C2 = 1000 pF C2 = 100 pF Freq (MHz) / Dev (kHz) 433.619 / 27 433.610 / 19 433.604 / 14 433.601 / 11.5 433.598 / 9 -- C2 = 47 pF Freq (MHz) / Dev (kHz) 433.625 / 21 433.614 / 14 433.608 / 10 433.604 / 8 433.600 / 5.5 --
C1 (pF) 22 33 39 47 68 100
Freq (MHz) / Dev (kHz) 433.612 / 34 433.604 / 25 433.598 / 20 433.596 / 17 433.593 / 13 433.587 / 8
Note 1: Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) TA = 25C, RFEN = 1, VDDRF = 3V, fXTAL = 13.55 MHz
FIGURE 6-2:
EXAMPLE FSK EXTERNAL CRYSTAL CIRCUIT
FIGURE 6-3:
LOAD CAPACITANCE VERSUS CHANGE IN TRANSMITTED FREQUENCY
XTAL
Fmax Frequency (MHz)
X1 C2 FSKOUT
Fmin
C1
rfHCS362F
C1 C1||C2 DATAFSK = 1 DATAFSK = 0 Load Capacitance (pF)
(c) 2002 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS41189A-page 31
rfHCS362G/362F
6.4 Clock Output (CLKOUT)
The crystal oscillator feeds a divide-by-four circuit that provides a clock output at the CLKOUT pin. CLKOUT is slew-rate limited in order to keep spurious signal emissions as low as possible. The voltage swing (VCLKOUT) depends on the capacitive loading (CLOAD) on the CLKOUT pin (2 VPP at 5 pF). Layout considerations - Shield each side of the clock output trace with ground traces to isolate the CLKOUT signal and reduce coupling. Second order effects on PLL performance is Phase margin () and Damping factor (). Phase margin is a measure of PLL stability. Choosing a phase margin that is too low will result in PLL instability. Choosing a higher phase margin results in less ringing and faster lock time at the expense of higher spur levels. Loop filters are typically designed for a total phase margin between 30 and 70 degrees. The aim of the designer is to choose a loop bandwidth and phase margin that gives the fastest possible lock time and meets the spur level requirements of the application. Damping factor governs the second order transient response that determines the shape of the exponential envelope of the natural frequency. The natural frequency, also called ringing frequency, is the frequency of the VCO steering voltage as the PLL settles. Lock time is proportional to damping factor and inversely proportional to loop bandwidth. The application determines the loop filter component requirements. For example, if the transmit frequency selected is near band edges or restricted bands, spur levels must be reduced to meet regulatory requirements. However, this will be at the expense of lock time. For an FSK application, a larger damping factor ( 1.0) is desired so that there is less overshoot in the keying of FSK. For an ASK application, a damping factor = 0.707 results in less settling time and near optimum noise performance. Figure 6-4 shows an example passive second order loop filter circuit. Table 6-4 gives example loop filter values for a crystal frequency of 13.56 MHz and transmit frequency of 433.92 MHz. Table 6-5 gives example loop filter values for a crystal frequency of 9.84375 MHz and transmit frequency of 315 MHz. Layout considerations - Keep traces short and place loop filter components as close as possible to the LF pin.
6.5
Phase-Locked Loop (PLL)
The PLL consists of a Phase-frequency Detector (PFD), charge pump, Voltage-controlled Oscillator (VCO), and fixed divide-by-32 divider. An external loop filter is connected to pin LF. The loop filter controls the dynamic behavior of the PLL, primarily lock time and spur levels. The application determines the loop filter requirements. The rfHCS362 employs a charge pump PLL that offers many advantages over the classical voltage phase detector PLL: infinite pull-in range and zero steady state phase error. The charge pump PLL allows the use of passive loop filters that are lower cost and minimize noise. Charge pump PLLs have reduced flicker noise thus limiting phase noise. Many of the classical texts on PLLs do not cover this type of PLL, however, today this is the most common type of PLL. This data sheet briefly covers the general terms and design requirements for the rfPIC. Detailed PLL design and operation is beyond the scope of this data sheet. For more information, the designer is referred to "PLL Performance, Simulation, and Design," Second Edition by Dean Banerjee ISBN 0970820704. Banerjee covers charge pump PLLs and loop filter selection. The loop filter has a major impact on lock time and spur levels. Lock time is the time it takes the PLL to lock on frequency. When the PLL is first powered on or is changing frequencies, no data can be transmitted. Lock time must be considered before data transmission can begin. In addition to PLL lock time, the designer must take into account the crystal oscillator start time of approximately 1 ms. See Section 6.3 for more information about the crystal oscillator. Reference spurs occur at the carrier frequency plus and minus integer multiples of the reference frequency. Phase noise refers to noise generated by the PLL. Spur levels and phase noise can increase the signal to noise ratio (SNR) of the system and mask or degrade the transmitted signal. The first order effect on PLL performance is loop bandwidth. Loop bandwidth (c) is defined as the point where the open loop phase transfer function equals 0 dB. Selecting a small loop bandwidth results in lower spur levels but slower lock time. Selecting a larger loop bandwidth results in a faster lock time but higher spur levels.
DS41189A-page 32
Preliminary
(c) 2002 Microchip Technology Inc.
rfHCS362G/362F
FIGURE 6-4: EXAMPLE LOOP FILTER CIRCUIT
rfHCS362G/362F
LF
R1
C2
C1
TABLE 6-4:
C1 0.01 uF 3900 pF 1500 pF 1000 pF
EXAMPLE LOOP FILTER VALUES FOR TRANSMIT FREQUENCY = 433.92 MHz
C2 390 pF 100 pF 47 pF 18 pF R1 680 1.5K 2.7K 4.7K Loop BW 165 kHz 360 kHz 610 kHz 1.05 MHz Fn (natural freq in Hz) 64 kHz 103 kHz 166 kHz 203 kHz Phase Margin (not counting sampling delay) 65 deg 63 deg 55 deg 50 deg 2nd Order damping factor 1.37 1.89 2.10 3.0
(1)
Calculated Lock Time 47 s 29 s 18 s 15 s
Note 1: Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) TA = 25C, RFEN = 1, VDDRF = 3V.
TABLE 6-5:
C1 3900 pF 3900 pF 3900 pF
EXAMPLE LOOP FILTER VALUES FOR TRANSMIT FREQUENCY = 315 MHz (1)
C2 390 pF 680 pF R1 680 680 680 Loop BW 190 kHz 175 kHz 155 kHz Fn (natural freq in Hz) 112 kHz 112 kHz 112 kHz Phase Margin (not counting sampling delay) 55 deg 47 deg 39 deg 2nd Order damping factor 0.94 0.94 0.94 Calculated Lock Time 27 s 27 s 27 s
1000 pF
Note 1: Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) TA = 25C, RFEN = 1, VDDRF = 3V.
(c) 2002 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS41189A-page 33
rfHCS362G/362F
6.6 Power Amplifier
. Note: PS/DATAASK is driven low when RFENIN = 0. Make sure external circuitry on PS/DATAASK does not conflict by driving the pin high. The encoder DATA output works because it is low if RFENOUT is low The PLL output feeds the power amplifier (PA). The open-collector differential output (ANT1, ANT2) can be used to drive a loop antenna directly or converted to single-ended output via an impenance matching network or balanced-to-unbalanced (balun) transformer. Pins ANT1 and ANT2 are open-collector outputs and must be pulled-up to VDDRF through the load. The differential output of the PA should be matched to an impedance of 800 to 1000 . Failure to match the impedance may cause excessive spurious and harmonic emissions. For more information see Application Note AN831, Matching Small Loop Antennas to rfPIC Devices. The transmit output power can be adjusted in six discrete steps from +2 dBm to -12 dBm by varying the voltage (VPS) at the PS/DATAASK pin. Figure 6-5 shows an example voltage divider network for ASK operation and Figure 6-6 for FSK operation. For FSK operation, the PS/DATAASK pin only serves as a Power Select (PS) pin. An internal 20 A current source pushes current through the PS/DATAASK pin resulting in a voltage drop across resistor R2 at the VPS level selected for transmitter output power. VPS selects the PA bias current. Higher transmit power will draw higher current. For ASK operation, the function of the PS/DATAASK pin is to turn the Power Amplifier (PA) on and off. Resistors R1 and R2 form a voltage divider network to apply voltage VPS for the selected transmitter output power. If maximum transmitter output is desired, the output of a GP0 pin can be connected directly to PS/DATAASK. Table 6-6 lists typical values for R1 and R2 for both the ASK and FSK modes.
FIGURE 6-5:
EXAMPLE ASK POWER SELECT CIRCUIT
VPS R1 rfHCS362G/362F 20A PS/DATAASK
To power select circuitry
DATA IN
R2
FIGURE 6-6:
EXAMPLE FSK POWER SELECT CIRCUIT
VPS rfHCS362G/362F 20A PS/DATAASK
To power select circuitry
R2
TABLE 6-6:
POWER SELECT (1)
Transmitter Operating Current (mA) 11.5 8.6 7.3 6.2 5.3 4.8 <4.8 Power Select (PS) Voltage VPS (Volts) (2) 2.0 1.2 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.3 <0.1 ASK R1 () 2400 6800 11K 15K 24K 43K OPEN R2 () (3) 4700 4700 4700 4700 4700 4700 4700 FSK R2 () 75K 56K 47K 39K 27K 15K 4700
Transmitter Output Power (dBm) +2 -1 -4 -7 -10 -12 -60
Note 1: Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) TA = 25C, RFEN = 1, VDDRF = 3V, fTRANSMIT = 433.92 MHz 2: VPS is actual voltage on PS/DATAASK pin. 3: The Power Select circuitry contains an internal 20 A current source. To ensure that the transmitter output power is at the minimum when transmitting a DATAASK = 0 (VSSRF), select the value of resistor R2 such that the voltage drop across it is less than 0.1 volts.
DS41189A-page 34
Preliminary
(c) 2002 Microchip Technology Inc.
rfHCS362G/362F
6.7 Mode Control Logic
The mode control logic pin RFENIN controls the operation of the transmitter (Table 6-7). When RFENIN goes high, the crystal oscillator starts up. The voltage on the LF pin ramps up proportionally to the RF frequency. The PLL can lock onto the frequency faster than the starting up crystal can stabilize. When the LF pin reaches 0.8V, the RF frequency is close to locked on the crystal frequency. This initiates a 150 microsecond delay to ensure that the PLL settles. After the delay, the PS/DATAASK bias current and power amplifier are enabled to start transmitting. When RFENIN goes low, the transmitter goes into low power Standby mode. The power amplifier is disabled, the crystal oscillator stops, and the PS/ DATAASK pin is driven low. This will be a conflict if other circuitry drives the PS/DATAASK pin high while RFENIN is low. The encoder DATA pin is typically the only connection to PS/DATAASK and it always drives DATA low before RFENOUT goes low. For most applications the RFENIN pin is connected directly to the RFENOUT pin. The RFENIN pin has an internal pull-down resistor.
TABLE 6-7:
RFEN 0 1
RFENIN PIN STATES
Description Transmitter and CLKOUT in Standby Transmitter and CLKOUT enabled
(c) 2002 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS41189A-page 35
rfHCS362G/362F
NOTES:
DS41189A-page 36
Preliminary
(c) 2002 Microchip Technology Inc.
rfHCS362G/362F
7.0 INTEGRATING THE rfHCS362G/ 362F INTO THE SYSTEM
FIGURE 7-1: TYPICAL LEARN SEQUENCE
Use of the rfHCS362G/362F in a system requires a compatible decoder. This decoder is typically a microcontroller with compatible firmware. Microchip will provide (via a license agreement) firmware routines that accept transmissions from the rfHCS362G/362F and decrypt the hopping code portion of the data stream. These routines provide system designers the means to develop their own decoding system.
Enter Learn Mode Wait for Reception of a Valid Code Generate Key from Serial Number Use Generated Key to Decrypt Compare Discrimination Value with Fixed Value
7.1
Learning a Transmitter to a Receiver
A transmitter must first be 'learned' by a decoder before its use is allowed in the system. Several learning strategies are possible, Figure 7-1 details a typical learn sequence. Core to each, the decoder must minimally store each learned transmitter's serial number and current synchronization counter value in EEPROM. Additionally, the decoder typically stores each transmitter's unique encryption key. The maximum number of learned transmitters will therefore be relative to the available EEPROM. A transmitter's serial number is transmitted in the clear but the synchronization counter only exists in the code word's encrypted portion. The decoder obtains the counter value by decrypting using the same key used to encrypt the information. The KEELOQ algorithm is a symmetrical block cipher so the encryption and decryption keys are identical and referred to generally as the encryption key. The encoder receives its encryption key during manufacturing. The decoder is programmed with the ability to generate an encryption key as well as all but one required input to the key generation routine; typically the transmitter's serial number. Figure 7-1 summarizes a typical learn sequence. The decoder receives and authenticates a first transmission; first button press. Authentication involves generating the appropriate encryption key, decrypting, validating the correct key usage via the discrimination bits and buffering the counter value. A second transmission is received and authenticated. A final check verifies the counter values were sequential; consecutive button presses. If the learn sequence is successfully complete, the decoder stores the learned transmitter's serial number, current synchronization counter value and appropriate encryption key. From now on the encryption key will be retrieved from EEPROM during normal operation instead of recalculating it for each transmission received. Certain learning strategies have been patented and care must be taken not to infringe.
Equal ?
No
Yes Wait for Reception of Second Valid Code Use Generated Key to Decrypt Compare Discrimination Value with Fixed Value
Equal ? Yes Counters Sequential ? Yes
No
No
Learn successful Store: Serial number Encryption key Synchronization counter
Learn Unsuccessful
Exit
(c) 2002 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS41189A-page 37
rfHCS362G/362F
7.2 Decoder Operation 7.3
Figure 7-2 summarizes normal decoder operation. The decoder waits until a transmission is received. The received serial number is compared to the EEPROM table of learned transmitters to first determine if this transmitter's use is allowed in the system. If from a learned transmitter, the transmission is decrypted using the stored encryption key and authenticated via the discrimination bits for appropriate encryption key usage. If the decryption was valid the synchronization value is evaluated.
Synchronization with Decoder (Evaluating the Counter)
The KEELOQ technology patent scope includes a sophisticated synchronization technique that does not require the calculation and storage of future codes. The technique securely blocks invalid transmissions while providing transparent resynchronization to transmitters inadvertently activated away from the receiver. Figure 7-3 shows a 3-partition, rotating synchronization window. The size of each window is optional but the technique is fundamental. Each time a transmission is authenticated, the intended function is executed and the transmission's synchronization counter value is stored in EEPROM. From the currently stored counter value there is an initial "Single Operation" forward window of 16 codes. If the difference between a received synchronization counter and the last stored counter is within 16, the intended function will be executed on the single button press and the new synchronization counter will be stored. Storing the new synchronization counter value effectively rotates the entire synchronization window. A "Double Operation" (resynchronization) window further exists from the Single Operation window up to 32K codes forward of the currently stored counter value. It is referred to as "Double Operation" because a transmission with synchronization counter value in this window will require an additional, sequential counter transmission prior to executing the intended function. Upon receiving the sequential transmission the decoder executes the intended function and stores the synchronization counter value. This resynchronization occurs transparently to the user as it is human nature to press the button a second time if the first was unsuccessful.
FIGURE 7-2:
Start
TYPICAL DECODER OPERATION
No
Transmission Received ? Yes
No
Does Serial Number Match ?
Yes Decrypt Transmission Is Decryption Valid ? Yes No Is Counter Within 16 ? No No Is Counter Within 32K ? Yes Save Counter in Temp Location Yes Execute Command and Update Counter
No
The third window is a "Blocked Window" ranging from the double operation window to the currently stored synchronization counter value. Any transmission with synchronization counter value within this window will be ignored. This window excludes previously used, perhaps code-grabbed transmissions from accessing the system.
Note:
The synchronization method described in this section is only a typical implementation and because it is usually implemented in firmware, it can be altered to fit the needs of a particular system.
DS41189A-page 38
Preliminary
(c) 2002 Microchip Technology Inc.
rfHCS362G/362F
FIGURE 7-3: SYNCHRONIZATION WINDOW
Entire Window rotates to eliminate use of previously used codes Blocked Window (32K Codes) Stored Synchronization Counter Value Double Operation (resynchronization) Window (32K Codes) Single Operation Window (16 Codes)
(c) 2002 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS41189A-page 39
rfHCS362G/362F
NOTES:
DS41189A-page 40
Preliminary
(c) 2002 Microchip Technology Inc.
rfHCS362G/362F
8.0 DEVELOPMENT SUPPORT
8.3
The KEELOQ(R) family of devices are supported with a full range of hardware and software development tools: * Integrated Development Environment - MPLAB(R) IDE Software - KEELOQ Toolkit Software * Device Programmers - PRO MATE(R) II Universal Device Programmer * Low Cost Demonstration Boards - KEELOQ Evaluation Kit II - KEELOQ Transponder Evaluation Kit
PRO MATE II Universal Device Programmer
The PRO MATE II universal device programmer is a full-featured programmer, capable of operating in stand-alone mode, as well as PC-hosted mode. The PRO MATE II device programmer is CE compliant. The PRO MATE II device programmer has programmable VDD and VPP supplies, which allow it to verify programmed memory at VDD min and VDD max for maximum reliability. It has an LCD display for instructions and error messages, keys to enter commands and a modular detachable socket assembly to support various package types. Microchip has various socket adapter modules available for PDIP, SOIC and SSOP devices. An In-Circuit Serial ProgrammingTM (ICSPTM) module is also available for programming devices after circuit assembly.
8.1
MPLAB Integrated Development Environment Software
The same MPLAB IDE software available at www.microchip.com that is used for microcontroller software development also supports the KEELOQ family of devices. With this Windows(R)-based application you can configure the device options in a graphical environment. The manufacturer's code is protected by two custodian keys so that the secret is split and neither employee can reveal the code alone. Once both custodian keys have been entered and the options selected, MPLAB IDE software is ready to produce parts in one of two ways. * The PRO MATE II Programmer, which is sold separately, can program individual parts. MPLAB IDE software can automatically increment the serial number and recalculate the unique encryption key, discrimination value and seed for each part. * Creating an SQTPsm file that contains all the individual device configurations to submit to Microchip for a production run without revealing your manufacturer's code. Please contact Microchip sales office etc., minimum order quantities apply.
8.4
KEELOQ Evaluation Kit II
The KEELOQ Evaluation Kit II contains all the necessary hardware to evaluate a code hopping system, including two transmitters and a multi-function receiver board that supports all HCS5XX stand-alone decoders. Additionally, it allows the users to develop their own software to receive, decode and interpret the KEELOQ transmission. The included PC software can configure and program the KEELOQ parts for evaluation (DM303006).
8.5
KEELOQ Transponder Evaluation Kit
The KEELOQ Transponder Evaluation Kit consists of a base station, a transmitter/transponder, a battery-less transponder and various HCS4XX samples. It also includes the PC software to configure and program the KEELOQ parts for evaluation (DM303005).
8.2
KEELOQ(R) Toolkit Software
The KEELOQ(R) Secure Solution CD-ROM is available free and can be ordered with part number DS40038. After accepting the KEELOQ license agreement, it will let you install application notes with complete decoder algorithms as well as the KEELOQ toolkit. The toolkit is a handy application that generates encryption keys from the manufacturer's code and serial number or seed. It can also decrypt KEELOQ transmitter's hopping code to help debug and test your decoder software.
(c) 2002 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS41189A-page 41
PIC14000
24CXX/ 25CXX/ 93CXX
PIC16C5X
PIC16C6X
PIC16C7X
PIC16C8X
PIC17C4X
HCSXXX rfHCSXXX
PIC16F62X
PIC16C7XX
PIC16F8XX
PIC16C9XX
PIC17C7XX
PIC18CXX2
PIC12CXXX rfPIC12XXXX
PIC16CXXX
PIC18FXXX
MCRFXXX MCP2510
TABLE 8-1:
Software Tools
Programmers Debugger Emulators
Demo Boards and Eval Kits
DS41189A-page 42
MPLAB(R) Integrated Development Environment
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
99
99
MPLAB(R) C17 C Compiler
MPLAB(R) C18 C Compiler
99
99
MPASMTM Assembler/ MPLINKTM Object Linker
9
**
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
rfHCS362G/362F
MPLAB(R) ICE In-Circuit Emulator
9 9 9 9 9
**
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
MPLAB(R) ICD In-Circuit Debugger
PICSTART(R) Plus Entry Level Development Programmer
9
**
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
PRO MATE(R) II Universal Device Programmer
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
DEVELOPMENT TOOLS FROM MICROCHIP
Preliminary
9 9 9 9

PICDEMTM 1 Demonstration Board
99
PICDEMTM 2 Plus Demonstration Board
9
9
9
9
PICDEMTM 3 Demonstration Board
9
PICDEMTM 14A Demonstration Board
9
PICDEMTM 17 Demonstration Board
9
KEELOQ(R) Evaluation Kit II
99
KEELOQ(R) Transponder Kit
microIDTM Programmer's Kit
125 kHz microIDTM Developer's Kit
99 9
125 kHz Anticollision microIDTM Developer's Kit
13.56 MHz Anticollision microIDTM Developer's Kit
9
MCP2510 CAN Developer's Kit
(c) 2002 Microchip Technology Inc.
* Contact the Microchip Technology Inc. web site at www.microchip.com for information on how to use the MPLAB(R) ICD In-Circuit Debugger (DV164001) with PIC16C62, 63, 64, 65, 72, 73, 74, 76, 77. ** Contact Microchip Technology Inc. for availability date. Development tool is available on select devices.
9
rfHCS362G/362F
9.0 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Ambient Temperature under bias .............................................................................................................. -40C to +85C Storage Temperature ..............................................................................................................................-40C to +125C Total Power Dissipation(1) ....................................................................................................................................700 mW Absolute Maximum Ratings Encoder Voltage on VDD with respect to VSS ..............................................................................................................-0.3 to +6.6V Max. Output Current sunk by any I/O pin................................................................................................................20 mA Max. Output Current sourced by any I/O pin...........................................................................................................20 mA Voltage on all other Encoder pins with respect to VSS ................................................................... -0.3 V to (VDD + 0.3V) Absolute Maximum Ratings Transmitter Voltage on VDDRF with respect to VSSRF ......................................................................................................-0.3 to +7.0V Max. Voltage on RFENIN and DATAFSK pins with respect to VSSRF ...............................................-0.3 to (VDDRF +0.3V) Max. Current into RFENIN and DATAFSK pins.............................................................................................-1.0 to 1.0 mA Note 1: Power Dissipation is calculated as follows: PDIS = VDD x {IDD - IOH} + {(VDD-VOH) x IOH} + (VOL x IOL) + VDDRF x {IDDRF - IOHRF} + {(VDDRF-VOHRF) x IOHRF}
NOTICE:
Stresses above those listed under "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at those or any other conditions above those indicated in the operation listings of this specification is not implied. Exposure to maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
(c) 2002 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS41189A-page 43
rfHCS362G/362F
NOTES:
DS41189A-page 44
Preliminary
(c) 2002 Microchip Technology Inc.
rfHCS362G/362F
10.0 DC CHARACTERISTICS
ENCODER DC CHARACTERISTICS
(I): TAMB = -40 C to +85 C 2.0V < VDD < 6.3 Parameter Operating current (avg.) Standby current High level Input voltage Low level input voltage High level output voltage Low level output voltage RFEN pin high drive LED sink current Pull-down Resistance; S0-S3 Pull-down Resistance; PWM Sym. ICC ICCS VIH VIL VOH VOL IRFEN ILEDL ILEDH RS0-3 RPWM Min. -- -- 0.65 VDD -0.3 0.7 VDD 0.7 VDD -- 0.5 1.0 1.0 2.0 40 80 Typ.(1) 0.3 0.1 -- -- -- -- 1 2.5 3.5 4.5 60 120 Max. 1.2 1.0 VDD + 0.3 0.15 VDD -- 0.15 VDD 0.15 VDD 3.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 80 160 Unit mA A V V V V mA mA mA K K Conditions VDD = 6.3V VDD = 6.3V VDD = 2.0V VDD = 2.0V IOH = -1.0 mA, VDD = 2.0V IOH = -2.0 mA, VDD = 6.3V IOL = 1.0 mA, VDD = 2.0V IOL = 2.0 mA, VDD = 6.3V VRFEN = 1.4V VDD = 2.0V VRFEN = 4.4V VDD = 6.3V VLED = 1.5V, VDD = 3.0V VLED = 1.5V, VDD = 6.3V VDD = 4.0V VDD = 4.0V
TABLE 10-1:
Industrial
Note 1: Typical values are at 25 C.
(c) 2002 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS41189A-page 45
rfHCS362G/362F
FIGURE 10-1: POWER-UP AND TRANSMIT TIMING
LED TLED
1 TE RFEN TPU TTD TDB DATA TTP TTO Code Word from previous button press SN Code Word Code Word Code Word 1 2 3 Code Word n TPLL
Button Press Detect
TABLE 10-2:
POWER-UP AND TRANSMIT TIMING REQUIREMENTS(3)
VDD = +2.0 to 6.3V Industrial(I):TAMB = -40 C to +85 C Parameter Symbol TTD TDB TTO TPU TPLL TLED TTP Min. 26 18 23.4 20 2 25 -- Typical 30 20 25.6 26 4 -- -- Max. 40 22 28.16 38 6 45 10 ms Unit ms ms s ms ms ms -- Remarks (Note 1) -- (Note 2) -- -- -- --
Transmit delay from button detect Debounce delay Auto-shutoff time-out period (TIMO=10) Button press to RFEN RFEN to code word LED on after key press Time to terminate code word from previous button press
Note 1: Transmit delay maximum value if the previous transmission was successfully transmitted. 2: The Auto-shutoff time-out period is not tested. 3: These values are characterized but not tested
DS41189A-page 46
Preliminary
(c) 2002 Microchip Technology Inc.
rfHCS362G/362F
TABLE 10-3: PROGRAMMING/VERIFY TIMING REQUIREMENTS
VDD = 5.0 10% 25C 5C Parameter Program mode setup time Hold time 1 Hold time 2 Bulk Write time Program delay time Program cycle time Clock low time Clock high time Data setup time Data hold time Data out valid time Symbol TPS TPH1 TPH2 TPBW TPROG TWC TCLKL TCLKH TDS TDH TDV Min. 3.5 3.5 50 4.0 4.0 50 50 50 0 30 -- Typical -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 30 Max. 4.5 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Unit ms ms s ms ms ms s s s s s Remarks
FIGURE 10-2:
PWM DATA FORMAT (MOD = 0)
Serial Number Function Code MSB S3 S0 S1 S2 Status CRC/TIME QUEUE Q1
LSB Bit 0 Bit 1 Header
MSB LSB
VLOW CRC0 CRC1 Q0
Bit 30 Bit 31 Bit 32 Bit 33 Bit 58 Bit 59 Bit 60 Bit 61 Bit 62 Bit 63 Bit 64 Bit 65 Bit 66 Bit 67 Bit 68 Fixed Portion of Transmission Guard Time
Encrypted Portion
(c) 2002 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS41189A-page 47
rfHCS362G/362F
FIGURE 10-3: PWM FORMAT SUMMARY (MOD=0)
TE LOGIC "0" LOGIC "1" TBP 1 16 TE TE
31 TE Preamble
3/10 TE Header
Encrypted Portion
Fixed Code Portion
Guard Time
FIGURE 10-4:
PWM PREAMBLE/HEADER FORMAT (MOD=0)
P1 31xTE 50% Duty Cycle Preamble
P16 3 or 10xTE Header
Bit 0 Bit 1 Data Bits
TABLE 10-4:
CODE WORD TRANSMISSION TIMING PARAMETERS - PWM MODE(1,3)
BSEL Value
VDD = +2.0V to 6.3V Industrial (I): TAMB = -40 C to +85 C Symbol TE TBP TP TH TC TG -- -- Note 1: 2: 3: 4: Characteristic Basic pulse element Bit width Preamble duration Header duration(4) Data duration Guard time(2) Total transmit time Data Rate
11
Typical 800 3 31 10 207 27.2 220 417
10
Typical 400 3 31 10 207 26.4 122 833
01
Typical 200 3 31 10 207 26 74 1667
00
Typical 100 3 31 10 207 25.8 50 3334 Units s TE TE TE TE ms ms bps
The timing parameters are not tested but derived from the oscillator clock. Assuming GUARD = 10 option selected in CONFIG_0 Configuration Word. Allow for a +/- 10% tolerance on the encoder internal oscillator after calibration. Assuming HEADER = 1 option selected in SEED_3 Configuration Word.
DS41189A-page 48
Preliminary
(c) 2002 Microchip Technology Inc.
rfHCS362G/362F
FIGURE 10-5: MANCHESTER FORMAT SUMMARY (MOD=1)
TE TE
LOGIC "0"
LOGIC "1" TBP START bit bit 0 bit 1 bit 2 1 2 16 STOP bit
Preamble
Header
Encrypted Portion
Fixed Code Portion
Guard Time
FIGURE 10-6:
MANCHESTER PREAMBLE/HEADER FORMAT (MOD=1)
P1
P16
Bit 0 Bit 1
31 x TE Preamble
4 x TE Header
Data Word Transmission
TABLE 10-5:
CODE WORD TRANSMISSION TIMING PARAMETERS--MANCHESTER MODE(1,3)
BSEL Value
VDD = +2.0V to 6.3V Industrial (I): TAMB = -40 C to +85 C Symbol TE TBP TP TH TC TG -- -- Characteristic Basic pulse element(3) Bit width Preamble duration Header duration Data duration Guard time(2) Total transmit time Data Rate
11
Typical 800 2 31 4 138 26.8 166 625
10
Typical 400 2 31 4 138 26.4 96 1250
01
Typical 200 2 31 4 138 26 61 2500
00
Typical 100 2 31 4 138 25.8 43 5000 Units s TE TE TE TE ms ms bps
Note 1: The timing parameters are not tested but derived from the oscillator clock. 2: Assuming GUARD = 10 option selected in CONFIG_0 Configuration Word. 3: Allow for a +/- 10% tolerance on the encoder internal oscillator after calibration.
(c) 2002 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS41189A-page 49
rfHCS362G/362F
TABLE 10-6: TRANSMITTER DC CHARACTERISTICS*
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating Temperature -40C TA +85C Characteristic Supply Voltage Power-Down Current Supply Current Input Low Voltage Input High Voltage Input Leakage Current Min 2.2 -- 4.8 -0.3 0.7 VSSRF -1 Typ -- 0.05 -- -- -- -- Max 5.5 0.1 11.5 0.3 VSSRF VSSRF + 0.3 1 Units V A mA V V A RFEN = 0 Note 1 Note 2 Note 2 Conditions DC CHARACTERISTICS Param No. Sym VDDRF IPDRF IDDRF VILRF VIHRF IILRF *
Note 1: Note 2:
These parameters are characterized but not tested. Data in "Typ" column is at 3V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not tested. Depends on output power selection. See Table 6-6. Applies to RFEN pin.
TABLE 10-7:
TRANSMITTER AC CHARACTERISTICS*
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated) Operating Temperature -40C TA +85C Characteristic Crystal Frequency Transmit Frequency CLKOUT Frequency Transmit Output Power ASK Data Rate FSK Data Rate Reference Spurs (1) Clock Spurs (1) Harmonic Content Spurious Output Signal Phase Noise VCO Gain Charge Pump Current Clock Voltage Swing Start-up Time Min 9.69 310 2.42 -12 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Typ -- -- -- -- -- -- -44 -44 -40 -60 -87 100 260 2 0.9 Max 15 440 3.75 +2 40 20 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Units MHz MHz MHz dBm kbps kbps dBm dBm dBm dBm dBc/Hz MHz/V A VPP ms Cload = 5 pF Note 2 Note 3 ftransmit fxtal ftransmit fCLKOUT 2ftransmit, 3ftransmit, 4ftransmit,... Vps 0.1V ftransmit 500 kHz Fixed, set by fxtal Fixed, set by fxtal See Table 6-6 Conditions
AC CHARACTERISTICS Param No. Sym fxtal ftransmit fCLKOUT Po fASK fFSK PREF PCLK PHARM POFF PN KVCO ICP VCLKOUT ton bit *
Note 1: Note 2: Note 3:
These parameters are characterized but not tested. Data in "Typ" column is at 3V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not tested. Values dependent on PLL loop filter values. ton equals crystal oscillator and PLL start-up time. Max FSK data rate requires crystal with appropriate motional parameters. See Section 6.3.
DS41189A-page 50
Preliminary
(c) 2002 Microchip Technology Inc.
rfHCS362G/362F
11.0
11.1
PACKAGING INFORMATION
Package Marking Information
18-Lead SOIC (.300") XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX YYWWNNN
Example rfHCS362G/SO 0018017
20-Lead SSOP XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX YYWWNNN
Example rfHCS362F/SS 0051017
Legend:
XX...X Y YY WW NNN
Customer specific information* Year code (last digit of calendar year) Year code (last 2 digits of calendar year) Week code (week of January 1 is week `01') Alphanumeric traceability code
Note:
In the event the full Microchip part number cannot be marked on one line, it will be carried over to the next line thus limiting the number of available characters for customer specific information.
*
Standard PICmicro device marking consists of Microchip part number, year code, week code, and traceability code. For PICmicro device marking beyond this, certain price adders apply. Please check with your Microchip Sales Office. For QTP devices, any special marking adders are included in QTP price.
(c) 2002 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS41189A-page 51
rfHCS362G/362F
18-Lead Plastic Small Outline (SO) - Wide, 300 mil (SOIC)
E p E1
D
2 B n 1
h 45
c A A2
L A1
Number of Pins Pitch Overall Height Molded Package Thickness Standoff Overall Width Molded Package Width Overall Length Chamfer Distance Foot Length Foot Angle Lead Thickness Lead Width Mold Draft Angle Top Mold Draft Angle Bottom * Controlling Parameter Significant Characteristic
Units Dimension Limits n p A A2 A1 E E1 D h L c B
MIN
.093 .088 .004 .394 .291 .446 .010 .016 0 .009 .014 0 0
INCHES* NOM 18 .050 .099 .091 .008 .407 .295 .454 .020 .033 4 .011 .017 12 12
MAX
MIN
.104 .094 .012 .420 .299 .462 .029 .050 8 .012 .020 15 15
MILLIMETERS NOM 18 1.27 2.36 2.50 2.24 2.31 0.10 0.20 10.01 10.34 7.39 7.49 11.33 11.53 0.25 0.50 0.41 0.84 0 4 0.23 0.27 0.36 0.42 0 12 0 12
MAX
2.64 2.39 0.30 10.67 7.59 11.73 0.74 1.27 8 0.30 0.51 15 15
Notes: Dimensions D and E1 do not include mold flash or protrusions. Mold flash or protrusions shall not exceed .010" (0.254mm) per side. JEDEC Equivalent: MS-013 Drawing No. C04-051
DS41189A-page 52
Preliminary
(c) 2002 Microchip Technology Inc.
rfHCS362G/362F
20-Lead Plastic Shrink Small Outline (SS) - 209 mil, 5.30 mm (SSOP)
E E1 p
D
B n
2 1
c A
A2
L A1
Number of Pins Pitch Overall Height Molded Package Thickness Standoff Overall Width Molded Package Width Overall Length Foot Length Lead Thickness Foot Angle Lead Width Mold Draft Angle Top Mold Draft Angle Bottom * Controlling Parameter Significant Characteristic
Units Dimension Limits n p A A2 A1 E E1 D L c B
MIN
.068 .064 .002 .299 .201 .278 .022 .004 0 .010 0 0
INCHES* NOM 20 .026 .073 .068 .006 .309 .207 .284 .030 .007 4 .013 5 5
MAX
MIN
.078 .072 .010 .322 .212 .289 .037 .010 8 .015 10 10
MILLIMETERS NOM 20 0.65 1.73 1.85 1.63 1.73 0.05 0.15 7.59 7.85 5.11 5.25 7.06 7.20 0.56 0.75 0.10 0.18 0.00 101.60 0.25 0.32 0 5 0 5
MAX
1.98 1.83 0.25 8.18 5.38 7.34 0.94 0.25 203.20 0.38 10 10
Notes: Dimensions D and E1 do not include mold flash or protrusions. Mold flash or protrusions shall not exceed .010" (0.254mm) per side. JEDEC Equivalent: MO-150 Drawing No. C04-072
(c) 2002 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS41189A-page 53
rfHCS362G/362F
APPENDIX A:
Revision A
This is a new data sheet.
DATA SHEET REVISION HISTORY
DS41189A-page 54
Preliminary
(c) 2002 Microchip Technology Inc.
rfHCS362G/362F
ON-LINE SUPPORT
Microchip provides on-line support on the Microchip World Wide Web (WWW) site. The web site is used by Microchip as a means to make files and information easily available to customers. To view the site, the user must have access to the Internet and a web browser, such as Netscape or Microsoft Explorer. Files are also available for FTP download from our FTP site.
Systems Information and Upgrade Hot Line
The Systems Information and Upgrade Line provides system users a listing of the latest versions of all of Microchip's development systems software products. Plus, this line provides information on how customers can receive any currently available upgrade kits.The Hot Line Numbers are: 1-800-755-2345 for U.S. and most of Canada, and 1-480-792-7302 for the rest of the world.
013001
Connecting to the Microchip Internet Web Site
The Microchip web site is available by using your favorite Internet browser to attach to: www.microchip.com The file transfer site is available by using an FTP service to connect to: ftp://ftp.microchip.com The web site and file transfer site provide a variety of services. Users may download files for the latest Development Tools, Data Sheets, Application Notes, User's Guides, Articles and Sample Programs. A variety of Microchip specific business information is also available, including listings of Microchip sales offices, distributors and factory representatives. Other data available for consideration is: * Latest Microchip Press Releases * Technical Support Section with Frequently Asked Questions * Design Tips * Device Errata * Job Postings * Microchip Consultant Program Member Listing * Links to other useful web sites related to Microchip Products * Conferences for products, Development Systems, technical information and more * Listing of seminars and events
(c) 2002 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS41189A-page 55
rfHCS362G/362F
READER RESPONSE
It is our intention to provide you with the best documentation possible to ensure successful use of your Microchip product. If you wish to provide your comments on organization, clarity, subject matter, and ways in which our documentation can better serve you, please FAX your comments to the Technical Publications Manager at (480) 792-4150. Please list the following information, and use this outline to provide us with your comments about this Data Sheet. To: RE: Technical Publications Manager Reader Response Total Pages Sent
From: Name Company Address City / State / ZIP / Country Telephone: (_______) _________ - _________ Application (optional): Would you like a reply? Device: rfHCS362G/362F Questions: 1. What are the best features of this document? Y N Literature Number: DS41189A FAX: (______) _________ - _________
2. How does this document meet your hardware and software development needs?
3. Do you find the organization of this data sheet easy to follow? If not, why?
4. What additions to the data sheet do you think would enhance the structure and subject?
5. What deletions from the data sheet could be made without affecting the overall usefulness?
6. Is there any incorrect or misleading information (what and where)?
7. How would you improve this document?
8. How would you improve our software, systems, and silicon products?
DS41189A-page 56
Preliminary
(c) 2002 Microchip Technology Inc.
rfHCS362G/362F
rfHCS362G/362F PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM
To order or obtain information, e.g., on pricing or delivery, refer to the factory or the listed sales office. PART NO. Device X Temperature Range /XX Package XXX Pattern
Device
rfHCS362G: RF Code Hopping Encoder rfHCS362F: RF Code Hopping Encoder rfHCS362GT: RF Code Hopping Encoder (Tape & Reel) rfHCS362FT: RF Code Hopping Encoder (Tape & Reel)
Temperature Range
I
=
-40C to+85C
Package
SO SS
= =
300 mil SOIC 209 mil SSOP
Pattern
Special Requirements
* JW Devices are UV erasable and can be programmed to any device configuration. JW Devices meet the electrical requirement of each oscillator type.
Sales and Support
Data Sheets Products supported by a preliminary Data Sheet may have an errata sheet describing minor operational differences and recommended workarounds. To determine if an errata sheet exists for a particular device, please contact one of the following: 1. 2. 3. Your local Microchip sales office The Microchip Corporate Literature Center U.S. FAX: (480) 792-7277 The Microchip Worldwide Site (www.microchip.com)
Please specify which device, revision of silicon and Data Sheet (include Literature #) you are using. New Customer Notification System Register on our web site (www.microchip.com/cn) to receive the most current information on our products.
(c) 2002 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS41189A-page57
RFHCS362G/362F
NOTES:
DS41189A-page 58
Preliminary
(c) 2002 Microchip Technology Inc.
Microchip's Secure Data Products are covered by some or all of the following patents: Code hopping encoder patents issued in Europe, U.S.A., and R.S.A. -- U.S.A.: 5,517,187; Europe: 0459781; R.S.A.: ZA93/4726 Secure learning patents issued in the U.S.A. and R.S.A. -- U.S.A.: 5,686,904; R.S.A.: 95/5429
Information contained in this publication regarding device applications and the like is intended through suggestion only and may be superseded by updates. It is your responsibility to ensure that your application meets with your specifications. No representation or warranty is given and no liability is assumed by Microchip Technology Incorporated with respect to the accuracy or use of such information, or infringement of patents or other intellectual property rights arising from such use or otherwise. Use of Microchip's products as critical components in life support systems is not authorized except with express written approval by Microchip. No licenses are conveyed, implicitly or otherwise, under any intellectual property rights.
Trademarks The Microchip name and logo, the Microchip logo, FilterLab, KEELOQ, microID, MPLAB, PIC, PICmicro, PICMASTER, PICSTART, PRO MATE, SEEVAL and The Embedded Control Solutions Company are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries. dsPIC, ECONOMONITOR, FanSense, FlexROM, fuzzyLAB, In-Circuit Serial Programming, ICSP, ICEPIC, microPort, Migratable Memory, MPASM, MPLIB, MPLINK, MPSIM, MXDEV, PICC, PICDEM, PICDEM.net, rfPIC, Select Mode and Total Endurance are trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. Serialized Quick Turn Programming (SQTP) is a service mark of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. All other trademarks mentioned herein are property of their respective companies. (c) 2002, Microchip Technology Incorporated, Printed in the U.S.A., All Rights Reserved.
Printed on recycled paper.
Microchip received QS-9000 quality system certification for its worldwide headquarters, design and wafer fabrication facilities in Chandler and Tempe, Arizona in July 1999. The Company's quality system processes and procedures are QS-9000 compliant for its PICmicro(R) 8-bit MCUs, KEELOQ(R) code hopping devices, Serial EEPROMs and microperipheral products. In addition, Microchip's quality system for the design and manufacture of development systems is ISO 9001 certified.
(c) 2002 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS41189A - page 59
WORLDWIDE SALES AND SERVICE
AMERICAS
Corporate Office
2355 West Chandler Blvd. Chandler, AZ 85224-6199 Tel: 480-792-7200 Fax: 480-792-7277 Technical Support: 480-792-7627 Web Address: http://www.microchip.com
ASIA/PACIFIC
Australia
Microchip Technology Australia Pty Ltd Suite 22, 41 Rawson Street Epping 2121, NSW Australia Tel: 61-2-9868-6733 Fax: 61-2-9868-6755
Japan
Microchip Technology Japan K.K. Benex S-1 6F 3-18-20, Shinyokohama Kohoku-Ku, Yokohama-shi Kanagawa, 222-0033, Japan Tel: 81-45-471- 6166 Fax: 81-45-471-6122
Rocky Mountain
2355 West Chandler Blvd. Chandler, AZ 85224-6199 Tel: 480-792-7966 Fax: 480-792-7456
China - Beijing
Microchip Technology Consulting (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Beijing Liaison Office Unit 915 Bei Hai Wan Tai Bldg. No. 6 Chaoyangmen Beidajie Beijing, 100027, No. China Tel: 86-10-85282100 Fax: 86-10-85282104
Korea
Microchip Technology Korea 168-1, Youngbo Bldg. 3 Floor Samsung-Dong, Kangnam-Ku Seoul, Korea 135-882 Tel: 82-2-554-7200 Fax: 82-2-558-5934
Atlanta
500 Sugar Mill Road, Suite 200B Atlanta, GA 30350 Tel: 770-640-0034 Fax: 770-640-0307
Singapore
Microchip Technology Singapore Pte Ltd. 200 Middle Road #07-02 Prime Centre Singapore, 188980 Tel: 65-6334-8870 Fax: 65-6334-8850
Boston
2 Lan Drive, Suite 120 Westford, MA 01886 Tel: 978-692-3848 Fax: 978-692-3821
China - Chengdu
Microchip Technology Consulting (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Chengdu Liaison Office Rm. 2401, 24th Floor, Ming Xing Financial Tower No. 88 TIDU Street Chengdu 610016, China Tel: 86-28-6766200 Fax: 86-28-6766599
Taiwan
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Chicago
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China - Fuzhou
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EUROPE
Denmark
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Detroit
Tri-Atria Office Building 32255 Northwestern Highway, Suite 190 Farmington Hills, MI 48334 Tel: 248-538-2250 Fax: 248-538-2260
China - Shanghai
Microchip Technology Consulting (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. Room 701, Bldg. B Far East International Plaza No. 317 Xian Xia Road Shanghai, 200051 Tel: 86-21-6275-5700 Fax: 86-21-6275-5060
Kokomo
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France
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Los Angeles
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China - Shenzhen
Microchip Technology Consulting (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shenzhen Liaison Office Rm. 1315, 13/F, Shenzhen Kerry Centre, Renminnan Lu Shenzhen 518001, China Tel: 86-755-2350361 Fax: 86-755-2366086
New York
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Germany
Microchip Technology GmbH Gustav-Heinemann Ring 125 D-81739 Munich, Germany Tel: 49-89-627-144 0 Fax: 49-89-627-144-44
San Jose
Microchip Technology Inc. 2107 North First Street, Suite 590 San Jose, CA 95131 Tel: 408-436-7950 Fax: 408-436-7955
Hong Kong
Microchip Technology Hongkong Ltd. Unit 901-6, Tower 2, Metroplaza 223 Hing Fong Road Kwai Fong, N.T., Hong Kong Tel: 852-2401-1200 Fax: 852-2401-3431
Italy
Microchip Technology SRL Centro Direzionale Colleoni Palazzo Taurus 1 V. Le Colleoni 1 20041 Agrate Brianza Milan, Italy Tel: 39-039-65791-1 Fax: 39-039-6899883
Toronto
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India
Microchip Technology Inc. India Liaison Office Divyasree Chambers 1 Floor, Wing A (A3/A4) No. 11, O'Shaugnessey Road Bangalore, 560 025, India Tel: 91-80-2290061 Fax: 91-80-2290062
United Kingdom
Arizona Microchip Technology Ltd. 505 Eskdale Road Winnersh Triangle Wokingham Berkshire, England RG41 5TU Tel: 44 118 921 5869 Fax: 44-118 921-5820
03/01/02
DS41189A-page 60
Preliminary
(c) 2002 Microchip Technology Inc.

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