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MC33441 Electroluminescent Lamp Driver IC
The MC33441 is a DC-AC inverter integrated circuit for driving EL lamps. It can boost the supply voltage to the level required by EL lamps and also provide high voltage AC lamp excitation. It consists of an oscillator, a frequency divider, a coil driving circuit and a switched H-bridge network. The input supply voltage range is from 1.8 V to 3.5 V and is capable to supply a typical 140 Vpp AC output voltage. The standby current of the device is typically 10 nA which is ideal for low power portable products. Externally, one inductor and one resistor are needed to generate the desirable voltage charge and to fine tune the oscillator's frequency. This device is offered in 8-Pin TSSOP miniature package. The operating temperature is -20C to 70C.
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* * * * * *
Battery Operation 1.8 V - 3.5 V Typical Voltage Output 140 Vpp Typical Standby Current 10 nA Internal Oscillator with External Tuning Resistor Enable Control Pin with a 300 K Internal Pull-Down Resistor 8-Pin TSSOP Package (Thickness = 1.05 mm, Width = 4.5 mm, Length = 3.1 mm & Lead Pitch = 0.65 mm)
TSSOP-8 DTB SUFFIX CASE 948J
PIN CONNECTIONS AND MARKING DIAGRAM
VDD 1 ENB 2 RT1 3 VSS 4 (Top View) M33 441 ALY W
8 EL1 7 EL2 6 FILTER 5 COIL
Types of Applications
* Pagers, Cellular Phones, Portable CD Players/Minidisks * Databanks, Calculators
VDD ENB RT1 VSS 1 2 3 4 OSC FEL H-BRIDGE 8 7 6 5 EL1 EL2 FILTER COIL
A L Y W
= Assembly Location = Wafer Lot = Year = Work Week
ORDERING INFORMATION
Device MC33441DTBR2 Package TSSOP-8 Shipping 2500 Units / Reel
FREQUENCY DIVIDER
FCOIL
COIL DRIVER
Simplified Block Diagram
(c) Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 2006
July, 2006 - Rev. 3
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Publication Order Number: MC33441/D
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Pin No. (TSSOP-8) Pin 8 Pin 7 Pin 6 Pin 5 Pin 4 Pin 3 Pin 2 Pin 1 Name COIL Filter VDD ENB VSS RT1 EL1 EL2 EL lamp driver output 1 EL lamp driver output 2 EL Filter Coil/Inductance input Analog/Power ground Internal oscillator's fine tuning resistance input Enable the whole device to operate Input voltage supply
REXT
ENB
VDD
VSS
RT1
1
2
3
4
OSC & FREQ. DIVIDER
FCOIL
FEL
PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTION
COIL DRIVER
Figure 1. Test Circuit
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AND2 AND2 AND2
MC33441
2 H-BRIDGE MAIN SWITCH 5 Description 8 7 6 FILTER EL1 EL2 COIL EL LAMP Battery / VDD CFILTER INDUCTOR OPTIONAL
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DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VDD = 2.65 V, TA = 25C, Lamp Capacitance = 2.2 nF, Coil = 1 mH unless
otherwise noted.) EL Lamp Capacitance Range Coil Drive Clock Duty Cycle Coil Drive Frequency ( Fosc Divide by 4) Lamp Drive Frequency (Fosc Divide by 384) Clock Frequency (REXT = 125 KW) Standby Current (VDD = 3.0 V, ENB = 0) Average Coil Current from Battery (1.8 V < VDD 3.5 V) Peak Coil Current (1.8 V < VDD 3.5 V) Output Voltage (1.8 V < VDD 3.5 V) Supply Voltage Thermal Resistance, Junction-to-Air Power Dissipation VEL1 Characteristic RJA PD Symbol DCCOIL ISTAND FCOIL 178 300 ICOIL IVDD Fosc VDD CEL VEL FEL C/W mW Min 120 112 1.8 - - - - - - - 364.6 Typ 140 140 2.2 75 35 10 35 70 - Max 168 100 150 160 3.5 75 - - - - mA dc avg Unit kHz kHz mA Hz nA nF % V V
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MAXIMUM RATINGS (TC = 25C, unless otherwise noted.)
Storage Temperature Range Operating Ambient Temperature Operating Junction Temperature Digital Input Voltage Range Power Supply Voltage Rating LOGIC = 0 LOGIC = 1 Symbol TJ(max) VDD Tstg TA
VEL2
VEL
Figure 2. Output Waveform
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MC33441
3 -50 to +150 -20 to +70 Max 0.5 VDD 150 7.5 Unit C C C V V Typical Vpp = 140 V (160 V max) TIME TIME TIME
MC33441
VDD = 2.65 V Lamp Freq. = 365 Hz EL Lamp = 2.2 nF
X = 1 ms/div, Y = 50 V/div
Figure 3. Output Waveform versus Time
OPERATING DESCRIPTION
General
The MC33441 is a DC-AC inverter integrated circuit for driving EL lamps. It can boost the supply voltage to the level required by EL lamps and also provide high voltage AC lamp excitation. It consists of an oscillator, a frequency divider, a coil driving circuit and a switched H-bridge network. The input supply voltage range is from 1.8 V to 3.5 V and is capable to supply a typical 140 Vpp AC output voltage. The standby current of the device is typically 10 nA which is ideal for low power portable products. Externally, one inductor and one resistor are needed to generate the desirable voltage charge and to fine tune the oscillator's frequency. This device is offered in 8-Pin TSSOP packages. The operating temperature is -20C to 70C.
Oscillator and Frequency Divider
F
OSC
+
6
R
1 EXT
C
INT
Hz
+ 1.667 10 Hz R EXT
10
FCOIL = FOSC B 4 FEL = FOSC B 384 where CINT is about 10pF. Coil Driver
Two circuits are put together to form the oscillator. They are Vref and Ibias. The functionality of Vref block is to generate a zero temperature coefficient (TC) voltage reference which is about 1.27 V. This 1.27 V will then be used in Ibias circuit to provide current biasing to all of the internal circuits with the value equal to Vref divided by an internal resistor. Besides of that, an external resistor is also connected to this circuit block for setting the oscillator's frequency. The temperature coefficient is dominated by the value of that resistor. Therefore, if a low TC resistor is used, the oscillator frequency's TC can be kept low. The current mirrors with the induced current equal to the Vref divided by an external resistor are used to charge and discharge an internal capacitor to provide a 50% duty cycle clock signal. This original clock pulse will then be fed into the frequency divider which will generate two additional clock signals with different frequency and duty cycle to the coil-driver and the H-bridge circuits. The oscillator frequency is governed by the following equation:
The coil driver is basically a simplified boost converter. It takes a higher frequency clock signal from the frequency divider to turn on/off the main switch alternatively. When the main switch is on, current will flow through the coil to ground. Once the switch is being turned off, the energy stored in the coil will be released to the external capacitor (EL lamp) through an internal diode. According to the frequency of the clock signals between the coil driver and the H-bridge, the external capacitor (EL lamp) will be charging to the desirable level. Current limit circuit (typical 70 mA & max. 150 mA) is implemented in this device. Since the current through the coil will increase corresponding to the input voltage, if the input voltage is high and the inductance of the coil is small, the coil can be saturated. The current limit feature is used to avoid this happen. The main switch is parallel to a much smaller switch which has their collector and their base connected together. However, the emitter of the smaller switch is tied to a sensing resistor while the emitter of the main switch is connected to ground. The coil current will split into two according to the sizing ratio between the main and the smaller switch. The current through the smaller switch will also flow through the sensing resistor and generates a voltage. If the voltage across this sensing resistor is above the pre-set value, then both switches
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MC33441
will be turned off and the energy will release to the EL lamp. And, those switches will remain off until the next clock cycle.
H-Bridge Network
To achieve the 140 V peak-to-peak voltage, H-bridge network is used to charge and discharge the EL lamp. The switching frequency of the bridge network is controlled by a clock signal from the divider with its frequency much lower than the one to the coil-driver. Moreover, to reduce the current consumption, the biasing current to the two low-side switches of the H-bridge is not activated until the coil-driver circuit needed to release the energy to the EL lamp. Then, the biasing circuit will be on and be ready before the main switch in the coil-driver really starts to turn off.
External Components
Moreover, if a low TC resistor is used, the oscillator frequency's TC can be kept low. The filter capacitor is to provide a smooth and more stable output waveform for the EL lamp. The value of this capacitor depends on the input voltage and the coil's inductance value. Equations below can be used to estimate filter capacitor's value at different input voltage.
Best Case Approximation for the Filter Capacitor: C FILTER + 0.026 (V in *V SW ) 2 (L F OSC
2
)
Worst Case Approximation for the Filter Capacitor: C FILTER + 0.085 (V in *V SW ) 2 (L F OSC
2
)
System designer will base on the application to decide the size and the type of the EL lamp to be used. The external resistance (REXT) at RT1 pin determines the excitation frequency (FEL) for the lamp. The relationship between REXT and the frequency is:
FEL = FOSC B 384
where VIN is the input voltage, VSW is voltage across the switch when it is on, L is the coil's value and FOSC is the clock frequency. Measurement below is recorded with the condition: coil = 1 mH, EL lamp = 2.2 nF and at room temperature.
Table 1: Reference for CFILTER
By substitute the equation of FOSC from Oscillator & Frequency Divider.
F EL + 4.341 10 Hz R EXT
7
so R EXT + 4.341 10 W F EL
7
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1.8 V 100 K-130 KW 100 K-130 KW 100 K-130 KW 100 K-130 KW 5 n-10 nF 2.0 V 2.5 V 3.0 V 10 n-22 nF 10 n-22 nF 22 nF-33 nF
VDD
REXT
CFILTER
MC33441
TYPICAL OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS
300 250 OSC, FREQ (KHz) 200 150 100 50 0 50K 75K 100K REXT () 150K 200K VDD = 2.65 V Coil = 1 mH EL lamp = 2.2 nF 700 600 LAMP FREQ (Hz) 500 400 300 200 100 0 50K 75K 100K REXT () 150K 200K VDD = 2.65 V Coil = 1 mH EL lamp = 2.2 nF
Figure 4. Oscillator Frequency versus REXT
Figure 5. Lamp Frequency versus REXT
25 20 15 10 5 VDD = 2.65 V Lamp Freq. = 365 Hz EL lamp = 2.2 nF 0.82 1 1.33 1.47
30 25 20 1 (mA) 15 10 5 0 1.8 Coil = 1 mH Lamp Freq. = 365 Hz EL Lamp = 2.2nF 2 2.65 VDD (V) 3 3.5
1 (mA)
0 0.56
COIL INDUCTANCE (mH)
Figure 6. Current Consumption versus Coil Inductance
Figure 7. Current Consumption versus VDD
138 136 134 132 130 128 126 124 122 120 50K 75K 100K REXT () VDD = 2.65 V Coil = 1 mH EL Lamp = 2.2 nF 150K 200K VOUT (V) VOUT (V)
150 145 140 135 130 125 120 115 VDD = 2.65 V Lamp Freq. = 365 Hz EL Lamp = 2.2 nF 0.82 1 1.33 1.47
110 0.56
COIL INDUCTANCE (mH)
Figure 8. Output Voltage versus REXT
Figure 9. Output Voltage versus Coil Inductance
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MC33441
APPLICATION INFORMATION
EL Lamp Selection
EL lamps are a laminate which exhibit a capacitance on the order of 2.5 nF to 3.5 nF per square inch. The light will emit as the high voltage is applied across the electrodes of this capacitance. The color of the emitted light is determined by the type of chemical used and the frequency of the excitation voltage. On the other hand, the lamp brightness increases approximately the square of the applied voltage and nearly linear to the excitation frequency. Once a lamp has been selected, the operating frequency and the essential voltage for the optimum performance is determined. Then, the driver circuit can begin to design.
Inductor Selection (L1)
The inductor must have a saturation current rating equal to or bigger than the peak coil current which is 150 mA.
Filter Capacitor Selection (C2)
See Table 1 for the estimated value of the filter capacitors based on the input voltage supply. Since the maximum voltage of the filter capacitor can reach 70 V or even 80 V, capacitor with high voltage rating will be required.
Resistor Selection (R1)
Use a 1 mH/0.15 A inductor for MC33441. Higher inductor values can be used to reduce the peak transient coil current from the battery supply. As the value of the inductor (L1), increases, the resistor (R1) value may need to increase correspondingly to provide optimum performance. While a lower inductor values lead to smaller physical size, it will generate a higher peak coil current. A lower resistor (R1) value should be used when a lower inductance coil is being used.
Since the fundamental frequency of the oscillator is set by the external resistor (R1), the temperature coefficient of the frequency is dominated by the value of this resistor. A low temperature coefficient (TC) resistor is suggested to use for keeping the variation of oscillator's frequency low against the operation temperature range. (See Page 4, Fig. 3 & Fig. 4)
R1 + R Layout EXT + 4.341 10 W F EL
7
The MC33441 is high output voltage operation make PC board layout critical to minimize ground bounce and noise. Locate input bypass capacitor, filter capacitor and oscillator's resistor as close to the device pins as possible.
L1 1 mH PB1 ENABLE C1 0.1 F BATTERY R1 130 K 1 2 3 4 U1 VDD ENB RT1 VSS MC33441 EL1 EL2 FILTER COIL (TSSOP-8) 8 7 6 5 C2 27 nF/100 V EL-LAMP
Figure 10. MC33441 Demo Board Schematic
COMPONENT SUPPLIER
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Tech-Wave Industrial Co., Ltd. Coils Electronics Co., Ltd. Part# CC-0012 EL-Lamp: 14.5 mm x 47 mm Color: Yellow-Green Inductor: 1 mH / 0.15 A (886)-2-22692827 (852)-2341-5539 Part# CRCH664- 102K-831015
Supplier
Part Number
Description
Phone
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MC33441
Figure 11. MC33441 PC Board - Top View
Figure 12. MC33441 Component Placement Guide - Component Side
Figure 13. MC33441 PC Board - Bottom View
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MC33441
PACKAGE DIMENSIONS
TSSOP-8 DTB SUFFIX CASE 948J-01 ISSUE O
8x
K REF 0.10 (0.004)
M
0.15 (0.006) T U
S
TU
S
V
S
K
2X
L
PIN 1 IDENT. 1 4
B -U-
J J1
SECTION N-N N
0.15 (0.006) T U
S
A -V- N F
0.25 (0.010) M
DETAIL E C 0.10 (0.004) -T- SEATING
PLANE
D
G H
SEE DETAIL E
ON Semiconductor and are registered trademarks of Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC (SCILLC). SCILLC reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. SCILLC makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does SCILLC assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation special, consequential or incidental damages. "Typical" parameters which may be provided in SCILLC data sheets and/or specifications can and do vary in different applications and actual performance may vary over time. All operating parameters, including "Typicals" must be validated for each customer application by customer's technical experts. SCILLC does not convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others. SCILLC products are not designed, intended, or authorized for use as components in systems intended for surgical implant into the body, or other applications intended to support or sustain life, or for any other application in which the failure of the SCILLC product could create a situation where personal injury or death may occur. Should Buyer purchase or use SCILLC products for any such unintended or unauthorized application, Buyer shall indemnify and hold SCILLC and its officers, employees, subsidiaries, affiliates, and distributors harmless against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, and reasonable attorney fees arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use, even if such claim alleges that SCILLC was negligent regarding the design or manufacture of the part. SCILLC is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer. This literature is subject to all applicable copyright laws and is not for resale in any manner.
PUBLICATION ORDERING INFORMATION
LITERATURE FULFILLMENT: Literature Distribution Center for ON Semiconductor P.O. Box 5163, Denver, Colorado 80217 USA Phone: 303-675-2175 or 800-344-3860 Toll Free USA/Canada Fax: 303-675-2176 or 800-344-3867 Toll Free USA/Canada Email: orderlit@onsemi.com N. American Technical Support: 800-282-9855 Toll Free USA/Canada Europe, Middle East and Africa Technical Support: Phone: 421 33 790 2910 Japan Customer Focus Center Phone: 81-3-5773-3850 ON Semiconductor Website: www.onsemi.com Order Literature: http://www.onsemi.com/orderlit For additional information, please contact your local Sales Representative
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EE CC EE CC
L/2
8
5
K1
NOTES: 1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI Y14.5M, 1982. 2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: MILLIMETER. 3. DIMENSION A DOES NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH. PROTRUSIONS OR GATE BURRS. MOLD FLASH OR GATE BURRS SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.15 (0.006) PER SIDE. 4. DIMENSION B DOES NOT INCLUDE INTERLEAD FLASH OR PROTRUSION. INTERLEAD FLASH OR PROTRUSION SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.25 (0.010) PER SIDE. 5. DIMENSION K DOES NOT INCLUDE DAMBAR PROTRUSION. ALLOWABLE DAMBAR PROTRUSION SHALL BE 0.08 (0.003) TOTAL IN EXCESS OF THE K DIMENSION AT MAXIMUM MATERIAL CONDITION. 6. TERMINAL NUMBERS ARE SHOWN FOR REFERENCE ONLY. 7. DIMENSION A AND B ARE TO BE DETERMINED AT DATUM PLANE -W-. DIM A B C D F G H J J1 K K1 L M MILLIMETERS MIN MAX 2.90 3.10 4.30 4.50 --- 1.20 0.05 0.15 0.50 0.75 0.65 BSC 0.50 0.60 0.09 0.20 0.09 0.16 0.19 0.30 0.19 0.25 6.40 BSC 0_ 8_ INCHES MIN MAX 0.114 0.122 0.169 0.177 --- 0.047 0.002 0.006 0.020 0.030 0.026 BSC 0.020 0.024 0.004 0.008 0.004 0.006 0.007 0.012 0.007 0.010 0.252 BSC 0_ 8_
-W-
MC33441/D

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