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| Back CS8321 Micropower 5.0 V, 150 mA Low Dropout Linear Regulator The CS8321 is a precision 5.0 V micropower voltage regulator with very low quiescent current (140 A typ at 1.0 mA load). The 5.0 V output is accurate within 2% and supplies 150 mA of load current with a typical dropout voltage of only 300 mV. This combination of low quiescent current and outstanding regulator performance makes the CS8321 ideal for any battery operated equipment. The regulator is protected against reverse battery and short circuit conditions. The device can withstand 45 V load dump transients making it suitable for use in automotive environments. Features * 5.0 V 2% Output * Low 140 A (typ) Quiescent Current * 150 mA Output Current Capability * Fault Protection - -15 V Reverse Voltage Output Current Limit * Low Reverse Current (Output to Input) VOUT VIN Current Source (Circuit Bias) QP R QN CS8321 AWLYWW http://onsemi.com TO-220 THREE LEAD T SUFFIX CASE 221A 1 2 3 D2PAK 3-PIN DP SUFFIX CASE 418E 3 Pin 1. VIN 2. GND 3. VOUT 12 MARKING DIAGRAMS TO-220 D2PAK CS8321 AWLYWW 1 Current Limit Sense VOUTSENSE* +- Error Amplifier Bandgap Reference R2 GND R1 1 A WL, L YY, Y WW, W = Assembly Location = Wafer Lot = Year = Work Week ORDERING INFORMATION* Device CS8321YT3 CS8321YDP3 CS8321YDPR3 Package TO-220 THREE LEAD D2PAK, 3-PIN D2PAK, 3-PIN Shipping 50 Units/Rail 50 Units/Rail 750 Tape & Reel *Lead Shorted to VOUT in 3-Pin Applications Figure 1. Block Diagram *Contact your local sales representative for SO-16, DIP-16, SO-8, and DIP-8 package options. (c) Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 2002 1 February, 2002 - Rev. 4 Publication Order Number: CS8321/D CS8321 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS* Rating Transient Input Voltage Output Current ESD Susceptibility (Human Body Model) Junction Temperature Storage Temperature Lead Temperature Soldering Wave Solder (through hole styles only) Note 1 Reflow (SMD styles only) Note 2 Value -15, 45 Internally Limited 2.0 -40 to 150 -65 to 150 260 peak 230 peak Unit V - kV C C C C 1. 10 seconds max. 2. 60 seconds max above 183C *The maximum package power dissipation must be observed. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (6.0 V < VIN < 26 V, IOUT = 1.0 mA, -40C TA 125C, -40C TJ 150C; unless otherwise specified.) Characteristic Output Stage Output Voltage, VOUT Dropout Voltage (VIN - VOUT) Quiescent Current, (IQ) 9.0 V < VIN 16 V, 100 mA IOUT 150 mA IOUT = 150 mA, -40C TA 85C IOUT = 150 mA, TA = 125C IOUT = 1.0 mA @ VIN = 13 V IOUT < 50 mA @ VIN = 13 V IOUT < 150 mA @ VIN = 13 V VIN = 14 V, 100 A < IOUT < 150 mA 6.0 V V 26 V, IOUT = 1.0 mA 7.0 VIN 17 V, IOUT = 150 mA, f = 120 Hz - VOUT = 0 V VOUT = 5.0 V, VIN = 0 V 4.9 - - - - - - - 60 175 60 - 5.0 0.3 - - 4.0 15 5.0 5.0 75 250 200 140 5.1 0.5 0.6 200 6.0 25 50 50 - - - 200 V V V A mA mA mV mV dB mA mA A Test Conditions Min Typ Max Unit Load Regulation Line Regulation Ripple Rejection Current Limit Short Circuit Output Current Reverse Current PACKAGE PIN DESCRIPTION PACKAGE PIN # TO-220 1 2 3 D2PAK 1 2 3 PIN SYMBOL VIN GND VOUT Input voltage. Ground. All GND leads must be connected to ground. 5.0 V, 2%, 150 mA Output. FUNCTION http://onsemi.com 2 CS8321 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION AND APPLICATION NOTES VOLTAGE REFERENCE AND OUTPUT CIRCUITRY 0.34257 0.30831 0.27405 0.23980 The CS8321 is a series pass voltage regulator. It consists of an error amplifier, bandgap voltage reference, PNP pass transistor with antisaturation control, and current limit. As the voltage at the input, VIN, is increased (Figure 1), QN is forward biased via R. QN provides base drive for QP. As QP becomes forward biased, the output voltage, VOUT, begins to rise as QP's output current charges the output capacitor. Once VOUT rises to a certain level, the error amplifier becomes biased and provides the appropriate amount of base current to QP. The error amplifier monitors the scaled output voltage via an internal voltage divider, R1 and R2, and compares it to the bandgap voltage reference. The error amplifier's output is a current which is equal to the error amplifier's differential input voltage times its transconductance. Therefore, the error amplifier varies the base drive current to QN, which provides bias to QP, based on the difference between the reference voltage and the scaled output voltage, VOUT. Antisaturation Protection Load Current 0.20554 0.17128 0.13703 0.10277 0.06851 0.03426 Curve will vary with temperature and process variation. 0.0 0.0 0.51 1.02 1.52 2.03 2.54 3.05 3.56 4.06 4.57 5.08 Output Voltage Figure 3. Typical Current Limit and Fold Back Waveform An antisaturation control circuit has also been added to prevent the pass transistor from going into deep saturation, which would cause excessive power dissipation due to large bias currents lost to the substrate via a parasitic PNP transistor, as shown in Figure 2. VIN QP The capacitor value and type should be based on cost, availability, size and temperature constraints. A tantalum or aluminum electrolytic capacitor is best, since a film or ceramic capacitor with almost zero ESR can cause instability. The aluminum electrolytic capacitor is the least expensive solution, but, if the circuit operates at low temperatures (-25C to -40C), both the value and ESR of the capacitor will vary considerably. The capacitor manufacturers data sheet usually provides this information. The value for the output capacitor COUT shown in Figure 4 should work for most applications, however it is not necessarily the best solution. VIN VOUT CIN* 0.1 F CS8321 VOUTSense COUT** 0.1 F QParasitic VOUT Substrate Figure 2. The Parasitic PNP Transistor Which Is Part of the Pass Transistor (QP) Structure Current Limit Limit The output stage is protected against short circuit conditions. As shown in Figure 3, the output current will fold back when the faulted load is continually increased. This technique has been incorporated to limit the total power dissipation across the device during a short circuit condition, since the device does not contain overtemperature shutdown. STABILITY CONSIDERATIONS *CIN required if regulator is located far from the power supply filter. **COUT required for stability. Capacitor must operate at minimum temperature expected. Pin internally shorted to VOUT in 3-pin applications. Figure 4. Test and Application Circuit Showing Output Compensation The output or compensation capacitor helps determine three main characteristics of a linear regulator: start-up delay, load transient response and loop stability. To determine an acceptable value for COUT for a particular application, start with a tantalum capacitor of the http://onsemi.com 3 CS8321 recommended value and work towards a less expensive alternative part. Step 1: Place the completed circuit with a tantalum capacitor of the recommended value in an environmental chamber at the lowest specified operating temperature and monitor the outputs with an oscilloscope. A decade box connected in series with the capacitor will simulate the higher ESR of an aluminum capacitor. Leave the decade box outside the chamber, the small resistance added by the longer leads is negligible. Step 2: With the input voltage at its maximum value, increase the load current slowly from zero to full load while observing the output for any oscillations. If no oscillations are observed, the capacitor is large enough to ensure a stable design under steady state conditions. Step 3: Increase the ESR of the capacitor from zero using the decade box and vary the load current until oscillations appear. Record the values of load current and ESR that cause the greatest oscillation. This represents the worst case load conditions for the regulator at low temperature. Step 4: Maintain the worst case load conditions set in step 3 and vary the input voltage until the oscillations increase. This point represents the worst case input voltage conditions. Step 5: If the capacitor is adequate, repeat steps 3 and 4 with the next smaller valued capacitor. A smaller capacitor will usually cost less and occupy less board space. If the output oscillates within the range of expected operating conditions, repeat steps 3 and 4 with the next larger standard capacitor value. Step 6: Test the load transient response by switching in various loads at several frequencies to simulate its real working environment. Vary the ESR to reduce ringing. Step 7: Raise the temperature to the highest specified operating temperature. Vary the load current as instructed in step 5 to test for any oscillations. Once the minimum capacitor value with the maximum ESR is found, a safety factor should be added to allow for the tolerance of the capacitor and any variations in regulator performance. Most good quality aluminum electrolytic capacitors have a tolerance of 20% so the minimum value found should be increased by at least 50% to allow for this tolerance plus the variation which will occur at low temperatures. The ESR of the capacitor should be less than 50% of the maximum allowable ESR found in step 3 above. CALCULATING POWER DISSIPATION IN A SINGLE OUTPUT LINEAR REGULATOR VIN(max) is the maximum input voltage, VOUT(min) is the minimum output voltage, IOUT(max) is the maximum output current for the application, and IQ is the quiescent current the regulator consumes at IOUT(max). Once the value of PD(max) is known, the maximum permissible value of RJA can be calculated: RQJA + 150C * TA PD (2) The value of RJA can then be compared with those in the package section of the data sheet. Those packages with RJA's less than the calculated value in equation 2 will keep the die temperature below 150C. In some cases, none of the packages will be sufficient to dissipate the heat generated by the IC, and an external heatsink will be required. VIN IIN IOUT VOUT CS8321 IQ Figure 5. Single Output Regulator with Key Performance Parameters Labeled HEATSINKS A heatsink effectively increases the surface area of the package to improve the flow of heat away from the IC and into the surrounding air. Each material in the heat flow path between the IC and the outside environment will have a thermal resistance. Like series electrical resistances, these resistances are summed to determine the value of RJA: RQJA + RQJC ) RQCS ) RQSA (3) The maximum power dissipation for a single output regulator (Figure 5) is: PD(max) + (VIN(max) * VOUT(min))IOUT(max) ) VIN(max)IQ (1) where: where: RJC = the junction-to-case thermal resistance, RCS = the case-to-heatsink thermal resistance, and RSA = the heatsink-to-ambient thermal resistance. RJC appears in the package section of the data sheet. Like RJA, it too is a function of package type. RCS and RSA are functions of the package type, heatsink and the interface between them. These values appear in heatsink data sheets of heatsink manufacturers. http://onsemi.com 4 CS8321 PACKAGE DIMENSIONS TO-220 THREE LEAD T SUFFIX CASE 221A-08 ISSUE AA -T- -B- F C S SEATING PLANE NOTES: 1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI Y14.5M, 1982. 2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: INCH. DIM A B C D F G H J K L N Q R S T U V INCHES MIN MAX 0.560 0.625 0.380 0.420 0.140 0.190 0.025 0.035 0.139 0.155 0.100 BSC --0.280 0.012 0.045 0.500 0.580 0.045 0.060 0.200 BSC 0.100 0.135 0.080 0.115 0.020 0.055 0.235 0.255 0.000 0.050 0.045 --MILLIMETERS MIN MAX 14.23 15.87 9.66 10.66 3.56 4.82 0.64 0.89 3.53 3.93 2.54 BSC --7.11 0.31 1.14 12.70 14.73 1.15 1.52 5.08 BSC 2.54 3.42 2.04 2.92 0.51 1.39 5.97 6.47 0.00 1.27 1.15 --- T 4 Q 123 A U K H -Y- L V G D 3 PL 0.25 (0.010) N M R J B M Y D2PAK 3-PIN DP SUFFIX CASE 418E-01 ISSUE O -T- SEATING PLANE B 4 DIM A B C D E F G H J K L M N M C E NOTES: 1. DIMENSIONS AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI Y14.5M, 1982. 2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: INCH. INCHES MIN MAX 0.326 0.336 0.396 0.406 0.170 0.180 0.026 0.036 0.045 0.055 0.090 0.110 0.100 BSC 0.098 0.108 0.018 0.025 0.204 0.214 0.045 0.055 0.055 0.066 0.000 0.004 MILLIMETERS MIN MAX 8.28 8.53 10.05 10.31 4.31 4.57 0.66 0.91 1.14 1.40 2.29 2.79 2.54 BSC 2.49 2.74 0.46 0.64 5.18 5.44 1.14 1.40 1.40 1.68 0.00 0.10 A 1 K 2 3 F G D 0.13 (0.005) M 3 PL H L J TB M N PACKAGE THERMAL DATA http://onsemi.com 5 CS8321 PACKAGE THERMAL DATA Parameter RJC RJA Typical Typical TO-220 3.5 50 D2PAK 1.0* 10-50 Unit C/W C/W *Depending on die area. Depending on thermal properties of substrate. RJA = RJC + RCA. http://onsemi.com 6 CS8321 Notes http://onsemi.com 7 CS8321 ON Semiconductor and are trademarks of Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC (SCILLC). SCILLC reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. SCILLC makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does SCILLC assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation special, consequential or incidental damages. "Typical" parameters which may be provided in SCILLC data sheets and/or specifications can and do vary in different applications and actual performance may vary over time. All operating parameters, including "Typicals" must be validated for each customer application by customer's technical experts. SCILLC does not convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others. SCILLC products are not designed, intended, or authorized for use as components in systems intended for surgical implant into the body, or other applications intended to support or sustain life, or for any other application in which the failure of the SCILLC product could create a situation where personal injury or death may occur. Should Buyer purchase or use SCILLC products for any such unintended or unauthorized application, Buyer shall indemnify and hold SCILLC and its officers, employees, subsidiaries, affiliates, and distributors harmless against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, and reasonable attorney fees arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use, even if such claim alleges that SCILLC was negligent regarding the design or manufacture of the part. SCILLC is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer. PUBLICATION ORDERING INFORMATION Literature Fulfillment: Literature Distribution Center for ON Semiconductor P.O. Box 5163, Denver, Colorado 80217 USA Phone: 303-675-2175 or 800-344-3860 Toll Free USA/Canada Fax: 303-675-2176 or 800-344-3867 Toll Free USA/Canada Email: ONlit@hibbertco.com N. American Technical Support: 800-282-9855 Toll Free USA/Canada JAPAN: ON Semiconductor, Japan Customer Focus Center 4-32-1 Nishi-Gotanda, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan 141-0031 Phone: 81-3-5740-2700 Email: r14525@onsemi.com ON Semiconductor Website: http://onsemi.com For additional information, please contact your local Sales Representative. http://onsemi.com 8 CS8321/D |
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