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LP2989 Micropower/Low Noise, 500 mA Ultra Low-Dropout Regulator For Use with Ceramic Output Capacitors
December 2000
LP2989 Micropower/Low Noise, 500 mA Ultra Low-Dropout Regulator For Use with Ceramic Output Capacitors
General Description
The LP2989 is a fixed-output 500 mA precision LDO regulator designed for use with ceramic output capacitors. Output noise can be reduced to 18V (typical) by connecting an external 10 nF capacitor to the bypass pin. Using an optimized VIPTM (Vertically Integrated PNP) process, the LP2989 delivers superior performance: Dropout Voltage: Typically 310 mV @ 500 mA load, and 1 mV @ 100 A load. Ground Pin Current: Typically 3 mA @ 500 mA load, and 110 A @ 100 A load. Sleep Mode: The LP2989 draws less than 0.8 A quiescent current when shutdown pin is pulled low. Error Flag: The built-in error flag goes low when the output drops approximately 5% below nominal. Precision Output: Guaranteed output voltage accuracy is 0.75% ("A" grade) and 1.25% (standard grade) at room temperature.
Features
n n n n n n n n n n n Ultra low dropout voltage Guaranteed 500 mA continuous output current Very low output noise with external capacitor SO-8, Mini SO-8, 8 Lead LLP surface mount packages < 0.8 A quiescent current when shutdown Low ground pin current at all loads 0.75% output voltage accuracy ("A" grade) High peak current capability (800 mA typical) Wide supply voltage range (16V max) Overtemperature/overcurrent protection -40C to +125C junction temperature range
Applications
n n n n Notebook/Desktop PC PDA/Palmtop Computer Wireless Communication Terminals SMPS Post-Regulator
Block Diagram
DS101339-1
VIPTM is a trademark of National Semiconductor Corporation.
(c) 2000 National Semiconductor Corporation
DS101339
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LP2989
Connection Diagrams
Surface Mount Packages: 8 Lead LLP Surface Mount Package
DS101339-2
SO-8/Mini SO-8 Package See NS Package Drawing Numbers M08A/MUA08A
DS101339-50
Top View See NS Package Number LDC08A
Basic Application Circuit
DS101339-3
*Capacitance values shown are minimum required to assure stability, but may be increased without limit. Larger output capacitor provides improved dynamic
response. See Application Hints. **Shutdown must be actively terminated (see App. Hints). Tie to INPUT (Pin4) if not used
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LP2989
Ordering Information
TABLE 1. Package Marking and Ordering Information Output Voltage 8 Lead LLP 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 8 Lead MSOP (MM) 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 A A STD STD A A STD STD A A STD STD A A STD STD A A STD STD LP2989AIMM-2.5 LP2989AIMMX-2.5 LP2989IMM-2.5 LP2989IMMX-2.5 LP2989AIMM-2.8 LP2989AIMMX-2.8 LP2989IMM-2.8 LP2989IMMX-2.8 LP2989AIMM-3.0 LP2989AIMMX-3.0 LP2989IMM-3.0 LP2989IMMX-3.0 LP2989AIMM-3.3 LP2989AIMMX-3.3 LP2989IMM-3.3 LP2989IMMX-3.3 LP2989AIMM-5.0 LP2989AIMMX-5.0 LP2989IMM-5.0 LP2989IMMX-5.0 LA0A LA0A LA0B LA0B LA6A LA6A LA6B LA6B LA1A LA1A LA1B LA1B LA2A LA2A LA2B LA2B LA4A LA4A LA4B LA4B 1000 Units on Tape and Reel 3500 Units on Tape and Reel 1000 Units on Tape and Reel 3500 Units on Tape and Reel 1000 Units on Tape and Reel 3500 Units on Tape and Reel 1000 Units on Tape and Reel 3500 Units on Tape and Reel 1000 Units on Tape and Reel 3500 Units on Tape and Reel 1000 Units on Tape and Reel 3500 Units on Tape and Reel 1000 Units on Tape and Reel 3500 Units on Tape and Reel 1000 Units on Tape and Reel 3500 Units on Tape and Reel 1000 Units on Tape and Reel 3500 Units on Tape and Reel 1000 Units on Tape and Reel 3500 Units on Tape and Reel A A STD STD A A STD STD A A STD STD A A STD STD A A STD STD A A STD STD LP2989AILD-2.5 LP2989AILDX-2.5 LP2989ILD-2.5 LP2989ILDX-2.5 LP2989AILD-2.8 LP2989AILDX-2.8 LP2989ILD-2.8 LP2989ILDX-2.8 LP2989AILD-3.0 LP2989AILDX-3.0 LP2989ILD-3.0 LP2989ILDX-3.0 LP2989AILD-3.3 LP2989AILDX-3.3 LP2989ILD-3.3 LP2989ILDX-3.3 LP2989AILD-4.0 LP2989AILDX-4.0 LP2989ILD-4.0 LP2989ILDX-4.0 LP2989AILD-5.0 LP2989AILDX-5.0 LP2989ILD-5.0 LP2989ILDX-5.0 L01FA L01FA L01FB L01FB L000A L000A L000B L000B L01HA L01HA L01HB L01HB L01JA L01JA L01JB L01JB L01LA L01LA L01LB L01LB L01KA L01KA L01KB L01KB 1000 Units on Tape and Reel 4500 Units on Tape and Reel 1000 Units on Tape and Reel 4500 Units on Tape and Reel 1000 Units on Tape and Reel 4500 Units on Tape and Reel 1000 Units on Tape and Reel 4500 Units on Tape and Reel 1000 Units on Tape and Reel 4500 Units on Tape and Reel 1000 Units on Tape and Reel 4500 Units on Tape and Reel 1000 Units on Tape and Reel 4500 Units on Tape and Reel 1000 Units on Tape and Reel 4500 Units on Tape and Reel 1000 Units on Tape and Reel 4500 Units on Tape and Reel 1000 Units on Tape and Reel 4500 Units on Tape and Reel 1000 Units on Tape and Reel 4500 Units on Tape and Reel 1000 Units on Tape and Reel 4500 Units on Tape and Reel Grade Order Information Package Marking Supplied as:
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LP2989
Ordering Information
Output Voltage SO-8 (M) 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 A A STD STD A A STD STD A A STD STD Grade
(Continued)
TABLE 1. Package Marking and Ordering Information (Continued) Order Information LP2989AIMX-2.5 LP2989AIM-2.5 LP2989IMX-2.5 LP2989IM-2.5 LP2989AIMX-3.3 LP2989AIM-3.3 LP2989IMX-3.3 LP2989IM-3.3 LP2989AIMX-5.0 LP2989AIM-5.0 LP2989IMX-5.0 LP2989IM-5.0 Package Marking LP2989AIM2.5 LP2989AIM2.5 LP2989IM2.5 LP2989IM2.5 LP2989AIM3.3 LP2989AIM3.3 LP2989IM3.3 LP2989IM3.3 LP2989AIM5.0 LP2989AIM5.0 LP2989IM5.0 LP2989IM5.0 Supplied as: 2500 Units on Tape and Reel Shipped in Anti-Static Rails 2500 Units on Tape and Reel Shipped in Anti-Static Rails 2500 Units on Tape and Reel Shipped in Anti-Static Rails 2500 Units on Tape and Reel Shipped in Anti-Static Rails 2500 Units on Tape and Reel Shipped in Anti-Static Rails 2500 Units on Tape and Reel Shipped in Anti-Static Rails
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LP2989
Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1)
If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/ Distributors for availability and specifications. Storage Temperature Range Operating Junction Temperature Range Lead Temperature 5 seconds) ESD Rating (Note 2) Power Dissipation (Note 3) (Soldering, 260C 2 kV Internally Limited -65C to +150C -40C to +125C
Input Supply Voltage Input Supply Voltage (Operating) Sense Pin Output Voltage (Note 4) IOUT (Survival) Input-Output Voltage (Note 5)
(Survival)
-0.3V to +16V 2.1V to +16V -0.3V to +6V
(Survival) -0.3V to +16V Short Circuit Protected (Survival) -0.3V to +16V
Electrical Characteristics
Limits in standard typeface are for TJ = 25C, and limits in boldface type apply over the full operating temperature range. Unless otherwise specified: VIN = VO(NOM) + 1V, IL = 1 mA, COUT = 4.7 F, CIN = 2.2 F, VS/D = 2V. Symbol VO Parameter Output Voltage Tolerance Conditions Typical LP2989AI-X.X (Note 6) Min -0.75 1 mA < IL < 500 mA VO(NOM) + 1V VIN 16V 1 mA < IL < 500 mA VO(NOM) + 1V VIN 16V -25C TJ 125C Output Voltage Line Regulation Load Regulation VO(NOM) + 1V VIN 16V 1 mA < IL < 500 mA 0.005 0.4 -1.5 -4.0 -3.5 Max 0.75 1.5 2.5 2.5 LP2989I-X.X (Note 6) Min -1.25 -2.5 -5.0 -4.5 Max 1.25 2.5 3.5 3.5 %VNOM Units
0.014 0.032
0.014 0.032 %/V %VNOM
VIN-VO
Dropout Voltage (Note 7)
IL = 100 A IL = 200 mA IL = 500 mA
1 150 310 110 1 3 0.5 0.05 800 1000 600
3 4 200 300 425 650 175 200 2 3.5 6 9 2 0.8 600
3 4 200 300 425 650 175 200 2 3.5 6 9 2 0.8 A mA A mV
IGND
Ground Pin Current
IL = 100 A IL = 200 mA IL = 500 mA VS/D < 0.18V VS/D < 0.4V
IO(PK) IO(MAX) en
Peak Output Current Short Circuit Current Output Noise Voltage (RMS)
VOUT VO(NOM) - 5% RL = 0 (Steady State) (Note 9) BW = 100 Hz to 100 kHz, COUT = 10 F CBYPASS = .01 F VOUT = 2.5V f = 1 kHz, COUT = 10 F
mA
18
V(RMS)
Ripple Rejection
60
dB
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LP2989
Electrical Characteristics
(Continued)
Limits in standard typeface are for TJ = 25C, and limits in boldface type apply over the full operating temperature range. Unless otherwise specified: VIN = VO(NOM) + 1V, IL = 1 mA, COUT = 4.7 F, CIN = 2.2 F, VS/D = 2V. Symbol Parameter Output Voltage Temperature Coefficient SHUTDOWN INPUT VS/D S/D Input Voltage VH = O/P ON VL = O/P OFF IIN 2 A IS/D S/D Input Current VS/D = 0 VS/D = 5V ERROR COMPARATOR IOH VOL VTHR (MAX) VTHR (MIN) HYST Output "HIGH" Leakage Output "LOW" Voltage Upper Threshold Voltage Lower Threshold Voltage Hysteresis VOH = 16V VIN = VO(NOM) - 0.5V, IO(COMP) = 150 A 0.001 150 -4.8 -6.6 2.0 -6.0 -8.3 -8.9 -13.0 1 2 220 350 -3.5 -2.5 -4.9 -3.0 -6.0 -8.3 -8.9 -13.0 1 2 220 350 -3.5 -2.5 -4.9 -3.0 %VOUT A mV 1.4 0.50 0.001 5 1.6 0.18 -1 15 1.6 0.18 -1 15 V Conditions (Note 8) Typical LP2989AI-X.X (Note 6) Min 20 Max LP2989I-X.X (Note 6) Min Max ppm/C Units
A
Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the component may occur. Electrical specifications do not apply when operating the device outside of its rated operating conditions. Note 2: ESD testing was performed using Human Body Model, a 100 pF capacitor discharged through a 1.5 k resistor. Note 3: The maximum allowable power dissipation is a function of the maximum junction temperature, TJ(MAX), the junction-to-ambient thermal resistance, J-A, and the ambient temperature, TA. The maximum allowable power dissipation at any ambient temperature is calculated using:
The value of J-A for the SO-8 (M) package is 160C/W and the mini SO-8 (MM) package is 200C/W. The value J-A for the LLP (LD) package is specifically dependent on PCB trace area, trace material, and the number of layers and thermal vias. For improved thermal resistance and power dissipation for the LLP package, refer to Application Note AN-1187. Exceeding the maximum allowable power dissipation will cause excessive die temperature, and the regulator will go into thermal shutdown. Note 4: If used in a dual-supply system where the regulator load is returned to a negative supply, the LP2989 output must be diode-clamped to ground. Note 5: The output PNP structure contains a diode between the VIN and VOUT terminals that is normally reverse-biased. Forcing the output above the input will turn on this diode and may induce a latch-up mode which can damage the part (see Application Hints). Note 6: Limits are 100% production tested at 25C. Limits over the operating temperature range are guaranteed through correlation using Statistical Quality Control (SQC) methods. The limits are used to calculate National's Average Outgoing Quality Level (AOQL). Note 7: Dropout voltage is defined as the input to output differential at which the output voltage drops 100 mV below the value measured with a 1V differential. Note 8: Temperature coefficient is defined as the maximum (worst-case) change divided by the total temperature range. Note 9: See Typical Performance Characteristics curves.
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LP2989
Typical Performance Characteristics
Dropout Characteristics
Unless otherwise specified: TA = 25C, COUT = 4.7 F, CIN = 2.2 F, S/D is tied to VIN, VIN = VO(NOM) + 1V, IL = 1 mA, VOUT = 2.5V. Dropout Voltage vs Temperature
DS101339-21
DS101339-20
Dropout Voltage vs Load Current
GND Pin Current vs Temperature and Load
DS101339-19
DS101339-23
Ground Pin Current vs Load Current
Input Current vs VIN
DS101339-25 DS101339-22
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LP2989
Typical Performance Characteristics
Input Current vs VIN
Unless otherwise specified: TA = 25C, COUT = 4.7 F, CIN = 2.2 F, S/D is tied to VIN, VIN = VO(NOM) + 1V, IL = 1 mA, VOUT = 2.5V. (Continued) Input Current vs VIN
DS101339-5
DS101339-6
Line Transient Response
Line Transient Response
DS101339-15
DS101339-16
Line Transient Response
Line Transient Response
DS101339-11
DS101339-26
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LP2989
Typical Performance Characteristics
Load Transient Response
Unless otherwise specified: TA = 25C, COUT = 4.7 F, CIN = 2.2 F, S/D is tied to VIN, VIN = VO(NOM) + 1V, IL = 1 mA, VOUT = 2.5V. (Continued) Load Transient Response
DS101339-17
DS101339-18
Short Circuit Current
Short Circuit Current vs Temperature
DS101339-34 DS101339-32
Short Circuit Current
Short Circuit Current vs VOUT
DS101339-35 DS101339-33
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LP2989
Typical Performance Characteristics
Ripple Rejection
Unless otherwise specified: TA = 25C, COUT = 4.7 F, CIN = 2.2 F, S/D is tied to VIN, VIN = VO(NOM) + 1V, IL = 1 mA, VOUT = 2.5V. (Continued) Ripple Rejection
DS101339-39
DS101339-40
Ripple Rejection
Ripple Rejection
DS101339-41
DS101339-42
Ripple Rejection
Ripple Rejection
DS101339-43
DS101339-44
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LP2989
Typical Performance Characteristics
Ripple Rejection
Unless otherwise specified: TA = 25C, COUT = 4.7 F, CIN = 2.2 F, S/D is tied to VIN, VIN = VO(NOM) + 1V, IL = 1 mA, VOUT = 2.5V. (Continued) Ripple Rejection In Dropout
DS101339-45
DS101339-46
Ripple Rejection vs Load
Output Noise Density
DS101339-36 DS101339-47
Output Noise Density
Turn-ON Waveform
DS101339-28 DS101339-37
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LP2989
Typical Performance Characteristics
Turn-ON Waveform
Unless otherwise specified: TA = 25C, COUT = 4.7 F, CIN = 2.2 F, S/D is tied to VIN, VIN = VO(NOM) + 1V, IL = 1 mA, VOUT = 2.5V. (Continued) Turn-ON Waveform
DS101339-29
DS101339-30
Turn-ON Waveform
IGND vs Shutdown
DS101339-31 DS101339-10
IGND vs Shutdown
IGND vs Shutdown
DS101339-8
DS101339-9
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LP2989
Typical Performance Characteristics
IGND vs Shutdown
Unless otherwise specified: TA = 25C, COUT = 4.7 F, CIN = 2.2 F, S/D is tied to VIN, VIN = VO(NOM) + 1V, IL = 1 mA, VOUT = 2.5V. (Continued) VOUT vs Shutdown
DS101339-7
DS101339-24
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LP2989
Application Hints
LLP Package Devices The LP2989 is offered in the 8 lead LLP surface mount package to allow for increased power dissipation compared to the SO-8 and Mini SO-8. For details on thermal performance as well as mounting and soldering specifications, refer to Application Note AN-1187. EXTERNAL CAPACITORS Like any low-dropout regulator, the LP2989 requires external capacitors for regulator stability. These capacitors must be correctly selected for good performance. INPUT CAPACITOR: An input capacitor whose size is at least 2.2 F is required between the LP2989 input and ground (the amount of capacitance may be increased without limit). Characterization testing performed on the LP2989 has shown that if the amount of actual input capacitance drops below about 1.5 F, an unstable operating condition may result. Therefore, the next larger standard size (2.2 F) is specified as the minimum required input capacitance. Capacitor tolerance and temperature variation must be considered when selecting a capacitor (see Capacitor Characteristics section) to assure the minimum requirement of 1.5 F is met over all operating conditions. The input capacitor must be located at a distance of not more than 0.5 from the input pin and returned to a clean analog ground. Any good quality ceramic or tantalum may be used for this capacitor, assuming the minimum capacitance requirement is met. OUTPUT CAPACITOR: The LP2989 requires a ceramic output capacitor whose size is at least 4.7F. The actual amount of capacitance on the output must never drop below about 3.5F or unstable operation may result. For this reason, capacitance tolerance and temperature characteristics must be considered when selecting an output capacitor. The LP2989 is designed specifically to work with ceramic output capacitors, utilizing circuitry which allows the regulator to be stable across the entire range of output current with an output capacitor whose ESR is as low as 4 m. It may also be possible to use Tantalum or film capacitors at the output, but these are not as attractive for reasons of size and cost (see next section Capacitor Characteristics). The output capacitor must meet the requirement for minimum amount of capacitance and also have an ESR (equivalent series resistance) value which is within the stable range. Curves are provided which show the stable ESR range as a function of load current (see ESR graph below).
DS101339-38
Stable Region For output Capacitor ESR Important: The output capacitor must maintain its ESR within the stable region over the full operating temperature range of the application to assure stability. It is important to remember that capacitor tolerance and variation with temperature must be taken into consideration when selecting an output capacitor so that the minimum required amount of output capacitance is provided over the full operating temperature range. (See Capacitor Characteristics section). The output capacitor must be located not more than 0.5 from the output pin and returned to a clean analog ground. NOISE BYPASS CAPACITOR: Connecting a 10 nF capacitor to the Bypass pin significantly reduces noise on the regulator output. However, the capacitor is connected directly to a high-impedance circuit in the bandgap reference. Because this circuit has only a few microamperes flowing in it, any significant loading on this node will cause a change in the regulated output voltage. For this reason, DC leakage current through the noise bypass capacitor must never exceed 100 nA, and should be kept as low as possible for best output voltage accuracy. The types of capacitors best suited for the noise bypass capacitor are ceramic and film. High-quality ceramic capacitors with either NPO or COG dielectric typically have very low leakage. 10 nF polypropolene and polycarbonate film capacitors are available in small surface-mount packages and typically have extremely low leakage current. CAPACITOR CHARACTERISTICS CERAMIC: The LP2989 was designed to work with ceramic capacitors on the output to take advantage of the benefits they offer: for capacitance values in the 4.7 F range, ceramics are the least expensive and also have the lowest ESR values (which makes them best for eliminating high-frequency noise). The ESR of a typical 4.7 F ceramic capacitor is in the range of 10 m to 15 m, which easily meets the ESR limits required for stability by the LP2989. One disadvantage of ceramic capacitors is that their capacitance can vary with temperature. Many large value ceramic capacitors ( 2.2 F) are manufactured with the Z5U or Y5V temperature characteristic, which results in the capacitance dropping by more than 50% as the temperature goes from 25C to 85C. This could cause problems if a 4.7 F capacitor were used on the output since it will drop down to approximately 2.4 F at high ambient temperatures (which could cause the LP2989 to oscillate). Another significant problem with Z5U
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LP2989
Application Hints
(Continued)
SHUTDOWN INPUT OPERATION The LP2989 is shut off by driving the Shutdown input low, and turned on by pulling it high. If this feature is not to be used, the Shutdown input should be tied to VIN to keep the regulator output on at all times. To assure proper operation, the signal source used to drive the Shutdown input must be able to swing above and below the specified turn-on/turn-off voltage thresholds listed in the Electrical Characteristics section under VON/OFF. To prevent mis-operation, the turn-on (and turn-off) voltage signals applied to the Shutdown input must have a slew rate which is 40 mV/s. CAUTION: the regulator output voltage can not be guaranteed if a slow-moving AC (or DC) signal is applied that is in the range between the specified turn-on and turn-off voltages listed under the electrical specification VON/OFF (see Electrical Characteristics). REVERSE INPUT-OUTPUT VOLTAGE The PNP power transistor used as the pass element in the LP2989 has an inherent diode connected between the regulator output and input. During normal operation (where the input voltage is higher than the output) this diode is reverse-biased. However, if the output is pulled above the input, this diode will turn ON and current will flow into the regulator output. In such cases, a parasitic SCR can latch which will allow a high current to flow into VIN (and out the ground pin), which can damage the part. In any application where the output may be pulled above the input, an external Schottky diode must be connected from VIN to VOUT (cathode on VIN, anode on VOUT), to limit the reverse voltage across the LP2989 to 0.3V (see Absolute Maximum Ratings).
and Y5V dielectric devices is that the capacitance drops severely with applied voltage. A typical Z5U or Y5V capacitor can lose 60% of its rated capacitance with half of the rated voltage applied to it. For these reasons, X7R and X5R type ceramic capacitors must be used on the input and output of the LP2989. TANTALUM: Tantalum capacitors are less desirable than ceramics for use as output capacitors because they are typically more expensive when comparing equivalent capacitance and voltage ratings in the 1 F to 4.7 F range. Another important consideration is that Tantalum capacitors have higher ESR values than equivalent size ceramics. This means that while it may be possible to find a Tantalum capacitor with an ESR value within the stable range, it would have to be larger in capacitance (which means bigger and more costly) than a ceramic capacitor with the same ESR value. It should also be noted that the ESR of a typical Tantalum will increase about 2:1 as the temperature goes from 25C down to -40C, so some guard band must be allowed. Tantalum capacitors may be used on the input as long as the requirement for minimum capacitance is met. FILM: Polycarbonate and polypropelene film capacitors have excellent electrical performance: their ESR is the lowest of the three types listed, their capacitance is very stable with temperature, and DC leakage currrent is extremely low. One disadvantage is that film capacitors are larger in physical size than ceramic or tantalum which makes film a poor choice for either input or output capacitors. However, their low leakage makes them a good choice for the noise bypass capacitor. Since the required amount of capacitance is only .01 F, small surface-mount film capacitors are avalable in this size.
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LP2989
Physical Dimensions
inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted
SO-8 Package NS Package Number M08A
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LP2989
Physical Dimensions
inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted (Continued)
Mini SO-8 Package NS Package Number MUA08A
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LP2989 Micropower/Low Noise, 500 mA Ultra Low-Dropout Regulator For Use with Ceramic Output Capacitors
Physical Dimensions
inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted (Continued)
8 Lead LLP Surface Mount PackagePackage NS Package Number LDC08A
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2. A critical component is any component of a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or system, or to affect its safety or effectiveness.
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National does not assume any responsibility for use of any circuitry described, no circuit patent licenses are implied and National reserves the right at any time without notice to change said circuitry and specifications.

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