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TPA032D02 Class D Stereo Audio Power Amplifier Evaluation Module
User's Guide
April 2000
Mixed-Signal Products
SLOU066
IMPORTANT NOTICE Texas Instruments and its subsidiaries (TI) reserve the right to make changes to their products or to discontinue any product or service without notice, and advise customers to obtain the latest version of relevant information to verify, before placing orders, that information being relied on is current and complete. All products are sold subject to the terms and conditions of sale supplied at the time of order acknowledgment, including those pertaining to warranty, patent infringement, and limitation of liability. TI warrants performance of its semiconductor products to the specifications applicable at the time of sale in accordance with TI's standard warranty. Testing and other quality control techniques are utilized to the extent TI deems necessary to support this warranty. Specific testing of all parameters of each device is not necessarily performed, except those mandated by government requirements. Customers are responsible for their applications using TI components. In order to minimize risks associated with the customer's applications, adequate design and operating safeguards must be provided by the customer to minimize inherent or procedural hazards. TI assumes no liability for applications assistance or customer product design. TI does not warrant or represent that any license, either express or implied, is granted under any patent right, copyright, mask work right, or other intellectual property right of TI covering or relating to any combination, machine, or process in which such semiconductor products or services might be or are used. TI's publication of information regarding any third party's products or services does not constitute TI's approval, warranty or endorsement thereof.
Copyright (c) 2000, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Preface
Related Documentation From Texas Instruments
J J J
TI Plug-N-Play Audio Amplifier Evaluation Platform (TI Literature Number SLOU011) provides detailed information on the evaluation platform and its use with TI audio evaluation modules. TPA032D02 CLASS-D STEREO AUDIO POWER AMPLIFIER (TI Literature Number SLOS243) This is the data sheet for the TPA032D02 audio amplifier integrated circuit. Design Considerations for Class-D Audio Power Amplifiers, (TI Literature Number SLOA031) This application report provides detailed information on designing audio power amplifier systems using TI class-D amplifier ICs Reducing and Eliminating the Class-D Output Filter, (TI Literature Number SLOA023) This application report covers output filter theory and design for class-D audio power amplifiers.
J
FCC Warning
This equipment is intended for use in a laboratory test environment only. It generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and has not been tested for compliance with the limits of computing devices pursuant to subpart J of part 15 of FCC rules, which are designed to provide reasonable protection against radio frequency interference. Operation of this equipment in other environments may cause interference with radio communications, in which case the user at his own expense will be required to take whatever measures may be required to correct this interference.
Trademarks
PowerPAD is a trademark of Texas Instruments.
Chapter Title--Attribute Reference
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iv
Running Title--Attribute Reference
Contents
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 Feature Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 TPA032D02 Class-D EVM Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3.1 Maximum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3.2 Typical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Quick Start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 Quick Start List for Platform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 Quick Start List for Stand-Alone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 1-2 1-3 1-4 1-4 1-4 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4
2
3
Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1 3.1 Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2 3.2 The TPA032D02 Class-D Audio Power Amplifier Evaluation Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3 3.2.1 TPA032D02 Class-D Stereo Audio Amplifier IC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5 3.2.2 Overview of Class-D Audio Amplifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6 3.2.3 Bridge-Tied Load (BTL) Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7 3.2.4 Class-D Differential Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8 3.2.5 Control and Indicator Circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8 3.2.6 TPA032D02 Class-D EVM Test Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9 3.3 Class-D Amplifier Design Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10 3.4 Using The TPA032D02 Class-D EVM With the Plug-N-Play Platform . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11 3.4.1 Installing and Removing EVM Boards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11 3.4.2 Module Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12 3.4.3 Signal Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13 3.4.4 Shutdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14 3.4.5 Power Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-16 3.4.6 Inputs and Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-17 3.5 Using The TPA032D02 Class-D EVM Stand-Alone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-18 3.5.1 Power Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-18 3.5.2 Input Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-19 3.5.3 Output Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-19 3.5.4 Controls and Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-19 3.6 TPA032D02 Class-D EVM Performance Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-20 3.7 TPA032D02 Class-D EVM Power SUpply Decoupling Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-24 3.8 TPA032D02 Class-D EVM Interconnects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-25 3.9 TPA032D02 Class-D EVM Bill of Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-26 3.10 TPA032D02 Class-D EVM Schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-27 3.11 TPA032D02 Class-D EVM PCB Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-28
Chapter Title--Attribute Reference
v
Running Title--Attribute Reference
Figures
1-1 1-2 2-1 3-1 3-2 3-3 3-4 3-5 3-6 3-7 3-8 3-9 3-10 3-11 3-12 3-13 3-14 3-15 3-16 3-17 3-18 3-19 3-20 3-21 3-22 3-23 3-24 3-25 The TI TPA032D02 Class-D Stereo Audio Power Amplifier EVM -- Top View . . . . . . . . . 1-3 The TI TPA032D02 Class-D Stereo Audio Power Amplifier EVM -- Bottom View . . . . . . 1-3 Quick Start Platform Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2 The TI Plug-N-Play Audio Amplifier Evaluation Platform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2 The TI TPA032D02 Class-D Stereo Audio Power Amplifier EVM -- Top View . . . . . . . . . 3-4 The TI TPA032D02 Class-D Stereo Audio Power Amplifier EVM -- Bottom View . . . . . . 3-4 TPA032D02 Class-D EVM Schematic Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5 Class-D Functional Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6 Class-D Input and Output Waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7 Platform Signal Routing and Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13 Mute/Mode and Polarity Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14 Typical Headphone Plug . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-17 TPA032D02 Class-D EVM Stand-Alone Connections for Stereo BTL Output . . . . . . . . . 3-18 Class-D Amplifier Frequency Response at 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-20 Class-D Amplifier Distortion versus Output Power at 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-21 Class-D Amplifier Distortion versus Output Power at 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-21 Class-D Amplifier Distortion versus Frequency at 1 W Into 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-22 Class-D Amplifier Distortion versus Frequency at 1 W Into 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-22 Class-D Amplifier Crosstalk versus Frequency Into 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-23 Class-D Amplifier Crosstalk versus Frequency Into 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-23 Power Supply Decoupling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-24 TPA032D02 Class-D EVM Schematic Diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-27 TPA032D02 Class-D EVM Top Assembly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-28 TPA032D02 Class-D EVM Bottom Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-28 TPA032D02 Class-D EVM Top Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-29 TPA032D02 Class-D EVM Second Layer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-29 TPA032D02 Class-D EVM Third Layer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-30 TPA032D02 Class-D EVM Bottom Layer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-30
Tables
2-1 2-2 3-1 3-2 3-3 3-4 3-5 Typical TI Plug-N-Play Platform Jumper and Switch Settings for the TPA032D02 Class-D EVM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1 Platform Jumper and Switch Settings for the TPA032D02 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3 TPA032D02 Class-D EVM Fault Indicator Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8 TPA032D02 Class-D EVM Test Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9 Platform Jumper and Switch Settings for the TPA032D02 EVM Power Inputs . . . . . . . . 3-16 TPA032D02 Class-D EVM/Plug-N-Play Platform Interconnects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-25 TPA032D02 Class-D EVM Bill of Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-26
vi
Chapter 1
Introduction
This chapter provides an overview of the Texas Instruments (TITM) TPA032D02 class-D stereo audio power amplifier evaluation module (SLOP245). It includes a list of EVM features, a brief description of the module illustrated with a pictorial diagram, and a list of EVM specifications.
Topic
1.1 1.2 1.3
Page
Feature Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2 Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3 TPA032D02 Class-D EVM Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
Introduction
1-1
Feature Highlights
1.1 Feature Highlights
The TI TPA032D02 class-D stereo audio power amplifier evaluation module and the TI plug-n-play audio amplifier evaluation platform include the following features:
-
TPA032D02 Class-D Stereo Audio Power Amplifier Evaluation Module
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
Internal depop circuitry to greatly reduce turn-on transients in outputs Dual channel, bridge-tied load (BTL) only operation 12 V operation 10 W BTL output into 4 at 12 V Low current consumption in shutdown/mute mode (97 A/2.5 mA) Internal gain set to 25 dB IC shutdown and mute control inputs -- TTL logic level High efficiency CE tested and approved.
-
Quick and Easy Configuration With the TI Plug-N-Play Audio Amplifier Evaluation Platform Evaluation module is designed to simply plug into the platform, automatically making all signal, control, and power connections Platform provides flexible power options Jumpers on the platform select power and module control options Switches on the platform route signals Platform provides quick and easy audio input and output connections
-
Platform Power Options
J J J J J J J J J
External 5-V - 15-V VCC supply inputs External regulated VDD supply input Socket for onboard 5 V/3.3 V VDD voltage regulator EVM Onboard overvoltage and reverse polarity power protection
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Platform Audio Input and Output Connections Left and right RCA phono jack inputs Miniature stereo phone jack input Left and right RCA phono jack outputs Left and right compression speaker terminal outputs Miniature stereo headphone jack output
1-2
Introduction
Description
1.2 Description
The TPA032D02 class-D stereo audio power amplifier evaluation module is a complete, 10-W per channel stereo audio power amplifier. It consists of the TI TPA032D02 class-D stereo audio power amplifier IC along with a small number of other parts mounted on a circuit board that measures approximately 2 inches by 2 inches (Figure 1-1 and 1-2).
1/4
1/4
Figure 1-1. The TI TPA032D02 Class-D Stereo Audio Power Amplifier EVM -- Top View
R6 R5 C14 + GND VCC Rout+
GND +RIN- -LIN+GND R4
C4
Rout- L2 L4
TP1
TP2
TP3
C1 C19 Texas Mute Instruments 2000 L3 L1 SD Lout- + C5 SD S2 Mute S1 C3 C2 R3 R2 R1 C13 TP4 VDD GND SLOP245 VCC U1
Lout+
TPA032D02 EVM Board Rev. A
Note:
Capacitors C13 and C14 are optional (not assembled) and locations for them on the EVM PCB have been provided to increase design flexibility and allow decoupling capacitance to be added (Section 3.7 Power Supply Decoupling).
Figure 1-2. The TI TPA032D02 Class-D Stereo Audio Power Amplifier EVM -- Bottom View
C20 C24
C9 C21
C8 C7
C6 C10 C15 C11 C12 C17 C16 C18
C22 C25 C23
Introduction
1-3
TPA032D02 Class-D EVM Specifications
Single in-line header pins extend from the underside of the module circuit board to allow the EVM to either be plugged into the TI plug-n-play audio amplifier evaluation platform, or to be wired directly into existing circuits and equipment when used stand-alone. The platform has room for a single TPA032D02 class-D evaluation module and is a convenient vehicle for demonstrating TI's audio power amplifier and related evaluation modules. The EVM simply plugs into the platform, which automatically provides power to the modules, interconnects them correctly, and connects them to a versatile array of standard audio input and output jacks and connectors. Easy-to-use configuration controls allow the platform and EVMs to quickly model many possible end-equipment configurations. There is nothing to build, nothing to solder, and nothing but the speakers included with the platform to hook up.
1.3 TPA032D02 Class-D EVM Specifications
All measurements made with VDD = 12 V and RL = 4 , unless otherwise noted.
1.3.1
Maximum
Supply voltage range, VDD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 V to 14 V Supply current, IDD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 A Continuous output power per channel, BTL, PO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 W Audio input voltage, VI (AV = 25 dB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350 mVrms
1.3.2
Typical
Supply current, no input, IDD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 mA Supply current, EVM mute, IDD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 mA Supply current, EVM shutdown, IDD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 A Gain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 dB Crosstalk, PO = 2 W @ 1 kHz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 55 dB Total harmonic distortion + noise, PO = 1 W @ 1 kHz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.14 %
1-4
Introduction
Chapter 2
Quick Start
Follow the steps in this chapter to quickly prepare the TPA032D02 class-D stereo audio amplifier EVM for use. Using the TPA032D02 class-D EVM with the TI plug-n-play audio amplifier evaluation platform is a quick and easy way to connect power, signal and control inputs, and signal outputs to the EVM using standard connectors. However, the audio amplifier evaluation module can be used stand-alone by making connections directly to the module pins, and it can be wired directly into existing circuits or equipment. The platform switch and jumper settings shown in Table 2-1 are typical for the TPA032D02 class-D EVM. There are no jumpers or switches to set on the TPA032D02 class-D EVM board, itself.
Table 2-1. Typical TI Plug-N-Play Platform Jumper and Switch Settings for the TPA032D02 Class-D EVM
POWER TYPE (Note 2) VCC (J1) Notes: JP1 ON JP4 ON JP5 ON JP6 Mute JP7 X JP8 Lo S1 ON S2 (Note3) OFF S3 U5
1) ON = Jumper installed, OFF = Jumper NOT Installed, X = Don't care 2) Install a voltage regulator EVM (SLVP097) in platform socket U6 for VDD power to EVM control inputs. 3) Set to ON when tone control board SLOP109 is installed in U1.
Topic
2.1 2.2 2.3
Page
Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2 Quick Start List for Platform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3 Quick Start List for Stand-Alone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
Quick Start
2-1
Precautions
2.1 Precautions
Power Supply Input Polarity and Maximum Voltage Always ensure that the polarity and voltage of the external power connected to VCC power input connector J1, J2, and/or VDD power input connector J6 are correct. Overvoltage or reverse-polarity power applied to these terminals can open onboard soldered-in fuses and cause other damage to the platform, installed evaluation modules, and/or the power source.
Inserting or Removing EVM Boards Do not insert or remove EVM boards with power applied -- damage to the EVM board, the platform, or both may result.
Figure 2-1. Quick Start Platform Map
8
Off JP3 Batt JP2 AC/DC JP1 (J2) VCC(J1) DC SOURCE F1 VR1 C1+
1
On ICC JP4 Pwr S1
9
11
10
7
DC Power In/Out
VR2
J1
VCC In +
SUPPLY
POWER
F2
U6
B1
D4 J2 AC/DC In Right In Stereo In
Power Input
+ VDD In/Out
J6
D3
D2
D1 R2 IDD JP5
J7 Right J8 Out
LED2 VDD
R1
J3 J4
Signal Conditioning
LED1 VCC
Audio Power Amps U3
+ Right - Out
12
Off S2
U1
Audio Input 13
17
Left In
U2
Speaker Output
14
On Conditioning
- Left Out
J5
****CAUTION**** Do not insert or remove EVM boards with power applied Plug-N-Play Audio Amplifier Evaluation Platform SLOP097 Rev. C.1 3 16 2
Mode Spk(U2-U4) C3 C2 JP8
U4
U5
Mute Polarity Lo Hi
JP6
+
JP7 HP(U5) U2-U4
J9
5
Left Out
TEXAS INSTRUMENTS 1997
U5
Stereo
Headphone Output J10
HP Out R5
+ S3 HP Source
TP1
GND
R3 R4
+
4
6
2-2
Quick Start
Quick Start List for Platform
2.2 Quick Start List for Platform
Follow these steps when using the TPA032D02 class-D EVM with the TI plug-n-play audio amplifier evaluation platform (see the platform user's guide, SLOU011, for additional details). Numbered callouts for selected steps are shown in Figure 2-1 and details appear in Chapter 3.
-
Platform Preparations 1) Ensure that all external power sources are set to OFF. 2) Install a TPA032D02 module in platform socket U2, taking care to align the module pins correctly (EVM power pins engage sockets U2 and U3). 3) Set switch S2 to OFF. 4) Set switch S3 to U5. 5) Set jumper JP6 to select the Mute control input. 6) Set control signal Polarity jumper JP8 to Lo.
Table 2-2. Platform Jumper and Switch Settings for the TPA032D02
POWER TYPE (Note 2) VCC (J1) Notes: JP1 ON JP4 ON JP5 ON JP6 Mute JP7 X JP8 Lo S1 X S2 (Note3) OFF S3 U5
1) ON = Jumper installed, OFF = Jumper NOT Installed, X = Don't care 2) Install a voltage regulator EVM (SLVP097) in platform socket U6 for VDD power to EVM control inputs. 3) Set to ON Tone Control Board SLOP109 is installed in U1.
-
Power supply 7) Connect a 12-V regulated power supply (ensure power supply is set to OFF ) to J1, taking care to observe marked polarity. 8) Set jumper JP1 for dc source to be from input J1. 9) Set jumper JP4 for VCC power to EVMs. 10) Install a voltage regulator EVM (SLVP097) in platform socket U6. 11) Set jumper JP5 for VDD power to EVMs. Inputs and outputs 12) Ensure that the audio signal source level is set to minimum. 13) Connect the audio source to left and right RCA phono jacks J3 and J5 or stereo miniature phone jack J4. 14) Connect 4- - 8- speakers to left and right RCA jacks J7 and J9 or to stripped wire speaker connectors J8. Power up 15) Verify correct voltage and input polarity and set the external power supply to ON. Platform LED1 and LED2 should light indicating the presence of VCC and VDD, and the evaluation module(s) installed on the platform should begin operation. 16) Set switch S2 to ON if tone control board SLOP109 is installed in U1. 17) Adjust the signal source level as needed.
-
-
Quick Start
2-3
Quick Start List for Stand-Alone
2.3 Quick Start List for Stand-Alone
Follow these steps to use the TPA032D02 class-D EVM stand-alone or to connect it into existing circuits or equipment. Connections to the TPA032D02 module header pins can be made via individual sockets, wire-wrapping, or soldering to the pins, either on the top or the bottom of the module circuit board.
-
Power supply 1) Ensure that all external power sources are set to OFF. 2) Connect an external regulated power supply set to 12 V to the module VCC, VCC2, and GND pins taking care to observe marked polarity. It is only necessary to use the ground pins adjacent to the module power pins. 3) Connect an external regulated power supply set to 5 V to the module VDD pin taking care to observe marked polarity.
-
Inputs and outputs 4) Ensure that audio signal source level adjustments are set to minimum. 5) Connect the audio source to the module RIN+/RIN- and LIN+/LIN- pins for class-D operation, taking care to observe marked polarity. For single-ended input, the negative input pins (RIN- and LIN-) should be connected to the ground of the audio signal source. 6) Connect a control signal to the module Mute pin, if necessary. The control signal should be high (2 V to 5 V or left floating) for normal operation, or low (tied to ground) to mute the output. 7) Connect a control signal to the module SD pin, if necessary. The control signal should be high (2 V to 5 V or left floating) for normal operation, or low (tied to ground) to shut down the TPA032D02 amplifier IC on the EVM. Note that the control signals applied to the EVM Mute and SD inputs must have sufficient current capability to overcome the 100-k pullup resistor on each input. Miniature pushbutton switches on the EVM allow manual shutdown (S2) and manual muting (S1) of the amplifier. 8) Connect a 4- - 8- speaker to the module Rout+/Rout- pins and another speaker to the Lout+/Lout- pins, taking care to observe marked polarity.
-
Power up 9) Verify correct voltage and input polarity and set the external power supply to ON. The EVM should begin operation. 10) Adjust the signal source level as needed.
2-4
Quick Start
Chapter 3
Details
This chapter provides details on the TPA032D02 IC, the evaluation module, and the steps in the Quick-Start list, a discussion of class-D amplifiers, additional application information, a parts list for the TPA032D02 class-D evaluation module, module performance graphs, and module PCB layer illustrations.
Topic
3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9
Page
Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2 The TPA032D02 Class-D Audio Power Amplifier EVM . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3 Class-D Amplifier Design Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10 Using The TPA032D02 Class-D EVM With the P-N-P Platform . . . . 3-11 Using The TPA032D02 Class-D EVM Stand-Alone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-18 TPA032D02 Class-D EVM Performance Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . 3-20 TPA032D02 Class-D EVM Power Supply Decoupling Data . . . . . . . 3-24 TPA032D02 Class-D EVM Interconnects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-25 TPA032D02 Class-D Evaluation Module Parts List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-26
3.10 TPA032D02 Class-D EVM Schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-27 3.11 TPA032D02 Class-D EVM PCB Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-28
Details
3-1
Precautions
3.1 Precautions
Power Supply Input Polarity and Maximum Voltage Always ensure that the polarity and voltage of the external power connected to VCC power input connector J1, J2, and/or VDD power input connector J6 are correct. Overvoltage or reverse-polarity power applied to these terminals can open onboard soldered-in fuses and cause other damage to the platform, installed evaluation modules, and/or the power source.
Inserting or Removing EVM Boards Do not insert or remove EVM boards with power applied -- damage to the EVM board, the platform, or both may result.
Figure 3-1. The TI Plug-N-Play Audio Amplifier Evaluation Platform
Off On JP3 Batt JP2 AC/DC JP1 (J2) VCC(J1) DC SOURCE F1 VR1 C1+ ICC VR2 JP4 Pwr S1
J1
VCC In +
SUPPLY
POWER
F2
U6
Power Input
DC Power In/Out
B1
D4 J2 AC/DC In Right In Stereo In Left In
+ VDD In/Out
J6
D3
D2
D1 R2 IDD JP5
J7 Right J8 Out
LED2 VDD
R1
J3 J4
Signal Conditioning
LED1 VCC
Audio Power Amps U3
+ Right - Out
Off S2
U1
Audio Input J5
U2
Speaker Output
On Conditioning
Mode Spk(U2-U4) C3 C2 JP8
- Left Out
U4
****CAUTION**** Do not insert or remove EVM boards with power applied
U5
Mute Polarity Lo Hi
JP6
+
JP7 HP(U5) U2-U4
J9
Left Out
TEXAS INSTRUMENTS 1997
U5
Stereo
Plug-N-Play Audio Amplifier Evaluation Platform SLOP097 Rev. C.1
Headphone Output J10
HP Out R5
+ S3 HP Source
TP1
GND
R3 R4
+
3-2
Details
The TPA032D02 Class-D Audio Power Amplifier Evaluation Module
3.2 The TPA032D02 Class-D Audio Power Amplifier Evaluation Module
The TPA032D02 class-D stereo audio power amplifier evaluation module is powered by a TPA032D02 class-D stereo power amplifier integrated circuit. The EVM is capable of delivering greater than 10 W of continuous average power per channel into 4- loads at less than 0.5% THD+N over a 20-Hz to 20-kHz frequency range from a 12-V supply. The TPA032D02 amplifier IC operates in the bridge-tied load (BTL) mode for maximum efficiency during class-D operation. The high IC switching frequency reduces the size of the output filter to three small capacitors and two small inductors per class-D channel. The evaluation module includes onboard pushbutton switches for manual muting and shutdown, and input pins for logic control of mute and shutdown. The module can be used with the TI plug-n-play audio amplifier evaluation platform (Figure 3 -1) or wired directly into circuits or equipment. The module has single in-line header connector pins mounted to the underside of the board. These pins allow the module to be plugged into the platform, which automatically makes all the signal input and output, power, and control connections to the module. The module connection pins are on 0.1-inch centers to allow easy use with standard perf board and plug board-based prototyping systems. Or, the EVM can be wired directly into existing circuits and equipment when used stand-alone. The module appears in Figure 3-2 (top side) and Figure 3-3 (bottom side), and its schematic is shown in Figure 3 - 4. Note that several components are mounted on the bottom side of the EVM PCB.
Details
3-3
The TPA032D02 Class-D Audio Power Amplifier Evaluation Module
Figure 3-2. The TI TPA032D02 Class-D Stereo Audio Power Amplifier EVM -- Top View
R6 R5 C14 + GND VCC Rout+
GND +RIN- -LIN+GND R4
C4
Rout- L2 L4
TP1
TP2
TP3
C1 C19 Texas Mute Instruments 2000 L3 L1 SD Lout- + C5 SD S2 Mute S1 C3 C2 R3 R2 R1 C13 TP4 VDD GND SLOP245 VCC U1
Lout+
TPA032D02 EVM Board Rev. A
Note:
Capacitors C13 and C14 are optional (not assembled) and locations for them on the EVM PCB have been provided to increase design flexibility and allow decoupling capacitance to be added (Section 3.7 Power Supply Decoupling).
Figure 3-3. The TI TPA032D02 Class-D Stereo Audio Power Amplifier EVM -- Bottom View
C20 C24
C9 C21
C8 C7
C6 C10 C15 C11 C12 C17 C16 C18
C22 C25 C23
3-4
Details
The TPA032D02 Class-D Audio Power Amplifier Evaluation Module
Figure 3-4. TPA032D02 Class-D EVM Schematic Diagram
VDD
R1 100k
SD
R2 100k S2 SD TPA032D02
1 2 SHUTDOWN COSC AGND AGND RINN RINP RCOMP FAULT_0 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 MUTE 3 AGND 4 LINN 5 LINP 6 LCOMP 7 AGND
VDD VCC
5V 12 V
Mute
S1 Mute
LIN- LIN+
C5 1000pF 1F C1 1F C4 1000pF C7 TP1 TP2 L2 15H L4 15H C11 1F C12 10F C14
RIN- RIN+
C3 1F C2 1F C6 1000pF C13 C9 10F C10 1F C8 1F
R3 100k R4 100k
8 9 10 VDD LPVDD LOUTP LOUTP PGND PGND LOUTN LOUTN LPVDD VCCREG NC NC AGND PVDD VCP NC CP1 FAULT_1 41 RPVDD 40 39 ROUTP 38 ROUTP 37 PGND 36 PGND 35 ROUTN 34 ROUTN 33 RPVDD 32 VCC 31 NC 30 NC 29 V2P5 28 PVDD 27 PGND 26 NC 25 CP2 VDD
VCC LOUT+
VCC ROUT+
C20 C24 1F 0.22F C21 0.22F
L1 15H L3 15H
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
C23 0.22F C22 0.22F
C25 1F
ROUT- VCC
LOUT-
C18 1F C16 1F
R5 R6 500k 150k
VCC
C15 1F
22
C17 0.1F
23 24
C19
0.047F
Capacitors C13 and C14 are optional (not assembled) and locations for them on the EVM PCB have been provided to increase design flexibility and allow decoupling capacitance to be added (Section 3.7 Power Supply Decoupling).
3.2.1
TPA032D02 Class-D Stereo Audio Amplifier IC
The TPA032D02 class-D stereo audio power amplifier integrated circuit converts low-level audio into pulse-width-modulated (PWM) signals, which result in an audio output with a 25-dB increase in amplitude. The IC features high-current DMOS output transistors and internal feedback that provides excellent performance without the need for external components (beyond input isolation and output filtering). A full range of protection features are built into the TPA032D02 amplifier IC to increase device reliability: thermal, overcurrent, and undervoltage shutdown, with status terminals that report any error conditions encountered. The device is provided in a very small 48-pin thermally-enhanced PowerPAD TSSOP surface-mount package (DCA) and consumes only 1 A in the shutdown mode, making the TPA032D02 an excellent choice for portable battery-powered applications.
Details
3-5
The TPA032D02 Class-D Audio Power Amplifier Evaluation Module
3.2.2
Overview of Class-D Audio Amplifiers
Class-D audio amplifiers are very similar in operation to switch-mode power supplies in that both compare an input signal with a reference to create an error voltage that controls a pulse-width modulator (PWM) circuit. The PWM circuit then produces an output signal at constant frequency and with a duty cycle that varies according to the input signal. A block diagram of the major components that make up the amplifier is shown in Figure 3-5.
Figure 3-5. Class-D Functional Diagram
Audio Analog Source Comparator VIN VERROR PWM Control VCONTROL H-Bridge
VOUT VRAMP Ramp Generator LPF Load
The audio input signal (VIN) is applied to a very fast comparator along with a ramp signal (VRAMP) created by the ramp generator. Each time the triangle wave from the ramp generator crosses the audio input signal level, the comparator sends an error signal (VERROR) to the PWM control circuit. The PWM control signal (VCONTROL) then regulates the duty cycle of the high-current DMOS power transistors of the H-bridge, providing the output signal (VOUT). These transistors operate in either the cutoff or saturated regions, rather than the linear region, which is where class AB amplifiers operate. This reduces switching and conduction losses, reducing the power dissipated by the power transistors and allowing more power to be delivered to the load. An inductor-capacitor (LC) low-pass filter (LPF) then removes the high frequency switching component from VOUT, leaving an amplified version of the original input signal. Examples of these waveforms are shown in Figure 3-6.
3-6
Details
The TPA032D02 Class-D Audio Power Amplifier Evaluation Module
Figure 3-6. Class-D Input and Output Waveforms
VIN VRAMP
VDD VOUT 0V
The VRAMP signal must be at a much higher frequency than the highest frequency component of VIN to obtain an accurate representation at the low-pass filter output and allow greater attenuation of the switching component of VOUT. The TPA032D02 class-D EVM uses a 250 kHz VRAMP signal to sample VIN. This frequency is more than ten times higher than the highest frequency component of the 20 Hz to 20 kHz range of the audio input, providing excellent output resolution and easy filtering by the LPF.
3.2.3
Bridge-Tied Load (BTL) Operation
The DMOS output transistors of the TPA032D02 class-D amplifier IC are arranged in an H-bridge configuration to allow BTL operation. In the BTL output mode, each half of the H-bridge operates 180 out of phase from the other. The load, in this case, a speaker, is then connected between the two halves, and is not connected directly to ground. The load is, in a sense, floating. BTL operation has two main advantages over single-ended operation. First, it eliminates the need for a bulky output coupling capacitor to block any dc offset voltage that may be present (which reduces the speaker response and may damage the speaker). And second, it quadruples the output power that can be delivered to the load. For more information, see the TPA032D02 amplifier IC data sheet, TI Literature Number SLOS243. To operate in the BTL output mode, the EVM output signal from Rout+/Lout+ must go through the speaker load and be returned directly to Rout-/Lout-, and NOT to system ground. This requires that the Rout-/Lout- lines be isolated not only from system ground, but also from each other and the out- lines of any other amplifiers in the system. The plug-n-play platform provides such isolated output lines, connecting the EVM output pins directly to left and right speaker connectors.
Details
3-7
The TPA032D02 Class-D Audio Power Amplifier Evaluation Module
3.2.4
Class-D Differential Inputs
The TPA032D02 EVM line inputs allow the use of a single-ended or differential audio source. The differential input stage of the amplifier cancels any noise that appears on both input lines of a channel. To use the EVM with a differential source, connect the positive lead of the audio source to the RIN+/LIN+ inputs and the negative lead to the RIN-/LIN- inputs. To use the EVM with a single-ended source, connect the positive lead of the audio source to the RIN+/LIN+ inputs and the ground lead to the RIN-/LIN- inputs. These connections should only be made to the EVM input pins in order to keep the input impedance of the class-D amplifiers balanced. This is due to the ac coupling capacitors that are in series with the amplifier inputs.
3.2.5
Control and Indicator Circuits
Three main control circuits are provided with the TPA032D02. The mute circuit grounds the output of the active amplifier, and the shutdown circuit places the entire device into a power-saving sleep mode to minimize current consumption. Each of these inputs is TTL compatible: less than 0.8 V applied to these pins is considered a logic low, and any voltage greater than 2 V is considered a logic high. Two indicator pins are also provided for feedback when an under-voltage, over-current, or thermal fault exists. Module pins are provided for easy connection of off-board control and monitoring. There are two active low fault indicator pins on the TPA032D02 amplifier IC (IC pins 40 and 41) that provide feedback when a fault condition exists. Signals on these pins provide the status of the class-D amplifier: operational, over-current, thermal fault, and under-voltage lockout. Table 3-1 lists the possible output conditions of these pins and a description of the fault indicated.
Table 3-1. TPA032D02 Class-D EVM Fault Indicator Table
FAULT 0 (TP 1) 1 1 FAULT 1 (TP 2) 1 0 DESCRIPTION No fault. -- The device is operating normally. Charge pump under-voltage lockout (VCP-UV) fault -- the charge pump voltage is < (PVDD + 6V). All low-side transistors are turned on, shorting the load to ground. Normal operation resumes when the charge pump voltage is restored (not a latched fault), however the Fault indication remains active until cleared by cycling MUTE, SHUTDOWN, or the power supply. Over-current fault -- the output current limit has been exceeded. All output transistors are switched off, causing the load to see a high impedance state. This is a latched fault and is cleared by cycling MUTE, SHUTDOWN, or the power supply. Thermal fault -- the internal junction temperature has exceeded 125C. All of the low-side transistors are turned on, shorting the load to ground. Once the junction temperature drops by 20C and is below 125C, normal operation resumes (not a latched fault). The Fault indication remains active until cleared by cycling MUTE, SHUTDOWN, or the power supply.
0
1
0
0
3-8
Details
The TPA032D02 Class-D Audio Power Amplifier Evaluation Module
3.2.6
TPA032D02 Class-D EVM Test Points
Test points have been included on the TPA032D02 class-D EVM to facilitate user analysis of device performance and design adjustments. Table 3-2 lists each test point and its corresponding function.
Table 3-2. TPA032D02 Class-D EVM Test Points
TEST POINT 1 2 3 4 IC PIN or EVM FUNCTION FAULT_0 FAULT_1 VCCREG VCP FUNCTION LSB for logic-level fault output signal, open drain MSB for logic-level fault output signal, open drain Onboard 5-V supply Charge pump storage capacitor
Details
3-9
Class-D Amplifier Design Considerations
3.3 Class-D Amplifier Design Considerations
Detailed information for proper design and implementation of TI class-D audio power amplifiers appears in the application report Design Considerations for Class-D Audio Power Amplifiers, TI Literature Number SLOA031, on the TI website (http://www.ti.com/sc/apa). This document provides background information, general equations, and component selection criteria for the topics listed below. General layout considerations are also included in the report.
-
Class-D amplifier circuits (input, output, charge pump, and switching) Control and indicator circuits Power supply decoupling
The application report Reducing and Eliminating the Class-D Output Filter, SLOA023, is also available from the website, and provides information to help determine what type of output filter, if any, may be necessary.
3-10
Details
Using The TPA032D02 Class-D EVM With the Plug-N-Play Platform
3.4 Using The TPA032D02 Class-D EVM With the Plug-N-Play Platform
The TPA032D02 class-D stereo audio amplifier evaluation module was designed to be used with the TI plug-n-play audio amplifier evaluation platform. It simply plugs into socket U2 and U3. The following paragraphs provide additional details for using the TPA032D02 class-D EVM with the platform.
3.4.1
Installing and Removing EVM Boards
TI plug-n-play evaluation modules use single-in-line header pins installed on the underside of the module circuit board to plug into sockets on the platform. The EVM pins and the platform sockets are keyed such that only the correct type of EVM can be installed in a particular socket, and then only with the proper orientation. Evaluation modules are easily removed from the platform by simply prying them up and lifting them out of their sockets. Care must be taken, however, to prevent bending the pins.
3.4.1.1
EVM Insertion
1) Remove all power from the evaluation platform. 2) Locate sockets U2 and U3 on the platform. 3) Orient the module correctly. 4) Carefully align the pins of the module with the socket pin receptacles. 5) Gently press the module into place. 6) Check to be sure that all pins are seated properly and that none are bent over.
3.4.1.2
EVM Removal
1) Remove all power from the evaluation platform. 2) Using an appropriate tool as a lever, gently pry up one side of the module a small amount. 3) Change to the opposite side of the module and use the tool to pry that side up a small amount. 4) Alternate between sides, prying the module up a little more each time to avoid bending the pins, until it comes loose from the socket. 5) Lift the EVM off of the platform.
Details
3-11
Using The TPA032D02 Class-D EVM With the Plug-N-Play Platform
3.4.2
Module Switches
The TPA032D02 class-D stereo audio amplifier evaluation module is equipped with two pushbutton switches that allow the module shutdown and mute functions to be manually activated.
3.4.2.1
S1 -- Shutdown
To have the module amplifier IC enter the shutdown mode, press the Shutdown switch (S2) on the module. S2 connects the amplifier IC SHUTDOWN pin to ground, forcing it into a low-power state. This function can be controlled by an external control input to the SD module pin. The shutdown mode reduces the amplifier IC current consumption to less than 1 A compared to approximately 2.5 mA in the mute mode. The EVM shutdown current is based on VCC, VDD, R2, R5, and R6, and capacitor leakage currents, but will typically be 97 A 5% for VCC = 12 V and VDD = 5 V. The plug-n-play platform typically draws 60 mA of current.
3.4.2.2
S2 -- Mute Switch
Pushbutton switch S1 on the TPA032D02 class-D EVM allows manual muting of the amplifier IC. S1 connects the amplifier IC MUTE pin to ground, muting the output. The EVM Mute control input pin also allows external control of this function. In the mute mode, the amplifier IC lowside output transistors are turned on, shorting the load to ground. This reduces the EVM current to 2.5 mA.
3-12
Details
Using The TPA032D02 Class-D EVM With the Plug-N-Play Platform
3.4.3
Signal Routing
Signal flow on the platform is controlled by two signal routing switches, as shown in Figure 3 - 7.
Figure 3-7. Platform Signal Routing and Outputs
Off + R Audio Input L U1 Signal Conditioning S2 U2/U3 TPA032D02 Amplifier EVM L On U5 Stereo Headphone Amplifier R S3 L L U5 GND U2 - U4 R + - J10 Headphone Output - + L + R R - - J7, J8, J9 Speaker Outputs
3.4.3.1
Signal Conditioning
The audio signal from input jacks can be applied to the signal conditioning socket (U1) if an EVM is installed there, or socket U1 can be bypassed and the audio input signal applied directly to the inputs of the TPA032D02 class-D EVM. Platform switch S2 selects signal conditioning or bypasses it.
3.4.3.2
Headphone Output Jack
Switch S3 is the source select for the stereo headphone output jack, J10. The headphone jack is capacitively coupled (via 470 F electrolytics) and can output either the signal from the headphone amplifier in socket U5, or the signal from the power amplifier installed in socket U2, as determined by the setting of headphone source select switch S3.
-
The platform headphone output jack (J10) is not used in conjunction with the TPA032D02 class-D EVM. Switch S3 should be set to the U5 position when the TPA032D02 class-D EVM is installed on the platform.
Details
3-13
Using The TPA032D02 Class-D EVM With the Plug-N-Play Platform
3.4.4
Shutdown
The TPA032D02 class-D EVM is equipped with a shutdown control input pin. When this input is tied to GND, the TPA032D02 amplifier IC on the module enters the shutdown mode and dissipates very little power. When the EVM control input is tied to VDD or allowed to float, amplifier operation resumes. In typical applications, as often found in notebook computers and other portable audio products, the internal speakers mute when headphones are plugged into the headphone jack, or internal speakers mute when external speakers are connected. In applications using separate speaker and headphone amplifiers, the one not being used can be muted to conserve power. The TPA032D02 EVM shutdown control pin connects to the platform mute line of JP6 when the EVM is inserted in the plug-n-play platform. When JP6 is set to mute and JP8 is set to Lo, the class-D EVM will operate normally until a headphone plug is inserted into platform jack J10 and the class-D amplifier is placed into shutdown. Once the jack is removed from J10, the class-D EVM again becomes active. Note that when JP6 is set to mute and the class-D EVM shutdown pin is activated, the platform current increases by approximately 20 mA. This current is set by the connection of the 240- platform resistor (R3) to ground through the EVM shutdown switch.
3.4.4.1
Headphone Jack Control Signals
The platform headphone output jack (J10) contains an internal switch that changes the state of a pair of control lines when a plug is inserted (Figure 3 - 8). Each control line is pulled down by a 1-k resistor to ground (R4 and R5). The switch in the headphone jack pulls one line or the other up to VDD through a 240- resistor (R3) depending on whether a plug is inserted in J10 or not.
Figure 3-8. Mute/Mode and Polarity Control
VDD R3 240 J10 Headphone Jack R4 1 k R5 1 k
Polarity JP8 Lo
JP6 Mode U2 Power Amplifier
Hi
SPK (U2-U4)
Mute
3-14
Details
Using The TPA032D02 Class-D EVM With the Plug-N-Play Platform
3.4.4.2
Mute/Mode Select (JP6)
A 3-pin jumper header (JP6) on the platform, functioning as an SPDT switch, routes the control signal from the headphone jack to either the mute control input pin or the mode control input pin of the evaluation module.
J J
3.4.4.3
Set jumper JP6 to MODE when a separate headphone amplifier is NOT installed in U5. Set jumper JP6 to MUTE when a separate headphone amplifier IS installed in U5. This will cause the TPA032D02 class-D EVM to shut down when a plug is inserted into platform headphone jack J10.
Mute/Mode Polarity Select (JP8)
A second 3-pin jumper header (JP8) on the platform selects the control signal polarity by connecting either the active-high or the active-low line from the headphone jack to jumper JP6.
-
Set jumper JP8 to Lo for normal class-D operation when a separate headphone amplifier IS installed in U5.
Details
3-15
Power Requirements
3.4.5
Power Requirements
The TPA032D02 class-D stereo audio power amplifier evaluation module is designed to operate from a supply voltage between 9 V and 14 V. For best performance (highest output power with lowest distortion), the module should be operated at 12 V. The TI plug-n-play audio amplifier evaluation platform provides several options for powering the TPA032D02 class-D EVM. Table 3-3 shows the platform jumper and switch settings for each power source option (see the User's Guide for the TI plug-n-play audio amplifier platform, TI Literature Number SLOU011 for more information). The TPA032D02 class-D EVM requires no setup for power source selection.
Table 3-3. Platform Jumper and Switch Settings for the TPA032D02 EVM Power Inputs
POWER TYPE (Note 2) VCC (J1) AC/DC (J2) Notes: JP1 ON OFF JP2 OFF ON JP3 OFF OFF JP4 ON ON JP5 ON ON JP6 Mute Mute JP7 X X JP8 Hi Hi S1 ON ON S2 Note 3 Note 3 S3 U5 U5
1) ON = Jumper installed, OFF = Jumper NOT Installed, X = Don't care 2) Install a voltage regulator EVM (SLVP097) in platform socket U6 for VDD power to EVM control inputs. 3) Set to ON when Tone Control Board SLOP109 is installed in U1, otherwise set to OFF..
Although the TPA032D02 amplifier IC draws approximately 1.6 A per channel from the power supply during continuous full power output, peak current draw can be as high as 2.3 A per channel. Any power supply connected to the platform should be capable of providing 4.6 A (peak) to avoid clipping of the output signal during voltage peaks. Current consumption driving speakers at normal listening levels is typically 0.1 A or less. A VDD supply of 5 V is required for normal operation of the TPA032D02 EVM. VDD can either be applied to the platform VDD power input terminals (J6) or a voltage regulator (SLVP097 or equiv.) can be installed in platform socket U6 to provide VDD from the platform VCC supply. The platform is equipped with overvoltage and reverse-polarity supply voltage input protection in the form of fused crowbar circuits.
-
VDD voltage applied to platform screw terminals J6 MUST NOT exceed the absolute maximum rating for the TPA032D02 amplifier IC installed on the evaluation module (5.5 V) or damage to the IC may result. In no case should VDD voltage of the incorrect polarity or in excess of 6.0 V be applied to screw terminals J6 of the platform, or the power protection circuit on the VDD line will trip. VCC voltage applied to the platform MUST NOT exceed the maximum voltage input specified for the voltage regulator module installed in socket U6 (12 V for the SLVP097), or damage to the voltage regulator module may result. In no case should VCC voltage applied to the platform exceed 15 V, or the overvoltage protection circuit on the VCC bus will trip.
-
3-16
Details
Inputs and Outputs
3.4.6
Inputs and Outputs
The TI plug-n-play audio amplifier evaluation platform is equipped with several standard conectors for audio inputs and outputs.
3.4.6.1
Inputs
In most cases, audio signals enter the platform through either a pair of RCA phono jacks (J3 and J5) or a miniature (1/8) stereo phone jack (J4). Certain signal conditioning and amplifier EVMs, however, may have additional signal input connectors mounted on the module circuit board. The platform audio signal input jacks (J3, J4, and J5) are of the closed-circuit type, grounding the signal input lines when no plugs are inserted.
3.4.6.2
Outputs
Amplified audio output signals leave the platform through left and right RCA phono jacks (J7 and J9), left and right pairs of compression connectors for stripped speaker wires (J8), and optionally, through a miniature (1/8) stereo phone jack (J10), for headphones. The audio output lines from the power amplifiers are separate all the way to the edge of the platform (output jacks J7, J8, and J9)--the OUT- lines from the power amplifier sockets are not tied to each other or to platform ground. This allows the TPA032D02 class-D power amplifier EVM to operate in the highly-efficient bridge-tied load configuration when driving speakers. The headphone jack (J10) is capacitively coupled to source select switch S3, which connects J10 to the output lines of either the headphone amplifier socket or the power amplifier sockets (Figure 3 - 9).
Figure 3-9. Typical Headphone Plug
Left Right GND
Details
3-17
Using The TPA032D02 Class-D EVM Stand-Alone
3.5 Using The TPA032D02 Class-D EVM Stand-Alone
Using the TPA032D02 class-D stereo audio power amplifier evaluation module stand-alone is much the same as using it with the platform. The same 9-V to 14-V power supply range and the isolated out+ and out- lines for BTL operation (Section 3.2.3) requirements exist. Figure 3-10 shows the connections that are required for operation (with the exception of the fault monitor circuit, which is optional). The discussion in this section is in reference to this figure unless otherwise noted.
Figure 3-10. TPA032D02 Class-D EVM Stand-Alone Connections for Stereo BTL Output
LED 1
5V Fault Monitor
R
R LED 0
12 V
R6 R5 C14 +
GND
VCC Rout+
Right Audio Inputs (Right)
GND +RIN- -LIN+GND C4 Rout- L2 L4 TP1 TP2 TP3
C1 C19 Texas Mute Instruments 2000 L3 L1 SD Lout- + C5 SD S2 TP4 U1 Mute S1 C3 C2 R3 R4 R2 R1
Mute
Shutdown
Audio Inputs (Left)
C13
Left
VDD GND SLOP245 VCC Lout+
TPA032D02 EVM Board Rev. A
5V Note: Capacitors C13 and C14 are optional (not assembled) and locations for them on the EVM PCB have been provided to increase design flexibility and allow decoupling capacitance to be added (Section 3.7 Power Supply Decoupling).
3.5.1
Power Connections
Power must be connected to both the VCC and VDD module pins. Power supply ground can be connected to any module ground pin, although best results are achieved if power supply grounds are connected to the pins adjacent to the VCC, VCC2, and VDD module pins. The ground and power wires should be twisted to reduce inductance and noise pickup if they are long.
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Details
Using The TPA032D02 Class-D EVM Stand-Alone
3.5.2
Input Connections
The class-D amplifier input signals can be connected in either of two ways: differential or single-ended. For differential operation, connect the two lines from the signal source to the positive and negative inputs of each channel (RIN+/RIN- and LIN+/LIN- module pins). For single-ended operation, the input signal lines should be connected to the RIN+ and LIN+ module pins and the signal source ground wires should be connected to the RIN- and LIN- module pins. For best results, the ground of the signal source should be connected to the GND pins at the EVM inputs to provide a return path for the current. The input signal and ground wires should be twisted to reduce inductance and noise pickup if the lead lengths are long and the cable is not shielded.
3.5.3
Output Connections
The right speaker should be connected between the Rout+ and the Rout- module pins, and the left speaker should be connected between the Lout+ and the Lout- module pins to comply with the isolated output requirements for BTL operation.
3.5.4
Controls and Indicators
The mute and shutdown functions may be controlled externally via the module Mute and SD pins. An active-low input mutes the selected amplifier or shuts down the device. A signal of 2 V or higher, allows normal operation. Note that the mute and shutdown signals applied to the EVM control input pins must be able to supply enough current to overcome the pullup resistor on the module (100 k). The fault indicator circuit can be monitored at FAULT0 (TP1) and FAULT1 (TP2). These are open-drain outputs with 100-k resistors connected to VDD (5 V). A fault table is shown in Section 3.2.5 and in the device data sheet.
Details
3-19
TPA032D02 Class-D EVM Performance Characteristics
3.6 TPA032D02 Class-D EVM Performance Characteristics
The TPA032D02 class-D stereo audio power amplifier EVM was tested using an Audio Precision System II, model 2322, a 5-V and 12-V regulated dc power supply, and the TI PNP audio power amplifier evaluation platform set up as described in Chapter 2. Results were obtained with 4- and 8- speaker loads. The results are shown in Figures 3-11 through 3-17. The frequency response shown in Figure 3-17 is a relatively flat 25 dB over the 20 Hz to 100 kHz frequency range. The lower and upper frequency corners can be adjusted to extend the frequency response.
Figure 3-11. Class-D Amplifier Frequency Response at 4
VOLTAGE AMPLIFICATION vs FREQUENCY
30
25 Voltage Amplification - dB
20
15
10 VDD = 12 V RL = 4 TA = 25 C
5
0 10
100
1k f - Frequency - Hz
10k
100k
Total harmonic distortion plus noise (THD+N) versus output power and frequency is shown in Figures 3-12 through 3-15 below. Figures 3-12 and 3-13 show power sweeps at a fixed frequency of 1 kHz. Switching and input noise begins to dominate at low power, while the distortion at the mid to upper power levels is a function of the class-D amplifier and the inductor. The lower frequency noise may be improved by either increasing the order of the filter or by increasing the amplifier switching frequency, which will further attenuate the switching noise in the audio band. Midrange distortion is a combination of the switching noise of the output power transistors in the IC and the magnetic field created by the inductors. This distortion is minimized by good separation of the output filter inductors for each channel and through good EMI-reduction layout techniques.
3-20
Details
TPA032D02 Class-D EVM Performance Characteristics
Figure 3-12. Class-D Amplifier Distortion versus Output Power at 4
TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION PLUS NOISE vs OUTPUT POWER
THD+N - Total Harmonic Distortion Plus Noise - (%)
1
0.1
VDD = 12 V RL = 4 TA = 25 C 0.02 0.01 0.1 1 PO - Output Power - W 10
Figure 3-13. Class-D Amplifier Distortion versus Output Power at 8
TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION PLUS NOISE vs OUTPUT POWER
1
THD+N - Total Harmonic Distortion Plus Noise - (%)
0.1
VDD = 12 V RL = 8 TA = 25 C 0.02 0.01 0.1 1 PO - Output Power - W 10
Details
3-21
TPA032D02 Class-D EVM Performance Characteristics
Figures 3-14 and 3-15 show a frequency sweep for a 1-W output. The lower frequency distortion of the graphs is dominated by noise, while the distortion at higher frequencies is due primarily to the fast-changing duty cycle of the PWM output.
Figure 3-14. Class-D Amplifier Distortion versus Frequency at 1 W Into 4
TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION PLUS NOISE vs FREQUENCY
1 VDD = 12 V RL = 4 PO = 1 W TA = 25 C
THD+N - Total Harmonic Distortion Plus Noise - (%)
0.1
0.02 20 100 1k f - Frequency - Hz 10k 20k
Figure 3-15. Class-D Amplifier Distortion versus Frequency at 1 W Into 8
TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION PLUS NOISE vs FREQUENCY
1 VDD = 12 V RL = 8 PO = 1 W TA = 25 C
THD+N - Total Harmonic Distortion Plus Noise - (%)
0.1
0.02 20 100 1k f - Frequency - Hz 10k 20k
3-22
Details
TPA032D02 Class-D EVM Performance Characteristics
EVM crosstalk is shown in Figures 3-16 and 3-17. The frequency is swept from 20 Hz to 20 kHz for a constant 5-W, 7.5-W, and 10-W output. Several factors affect crosstalk, such as component selection (especially the inductor), filter layout, grounding, and power supply decoupling.
Figure 3-16. Class-D Amplifier Crosstalk versus Frequency Into 4
CROSSTALK vs FREQUENCY
- 10 - 20 - 30 Crosstalk - dB -40 - 50 - 60 - 70 7.5 W R-L - 80 - 90 - 100 20 100 1k f - Frequency - Hz 10k 20k 7.5 W L-R 10 W L-R 10 W R-L VDD = 12 V RL = 4 TA = 25 C
Figure 3-17. Class-D Amplifier Crosstalk versus Frequency Into 8
CROSSTALK vs FREQUENCY
- 10 - 20 - 30 Crosstalk - dB -40 - 50 - 60 5 W L-R - 70 - 80 - 90 7.5 W L-R - 100 20 100 1k f - Frequency - Hz 10k 20k 7.5 W R-L 5 W R-L VDD = 12 V RL = 8 TA = 25 C
Details
3-23
TPA032D04 Class-D EVM Power Supply Decoupling Data
3.7 TPA032D04 Class-D EVM Power Supply Decoupling Data
The decoupling capacitance required will depend upon the application. Pads and through-holes have been provided on the EVM for the addition of bulk capacitance (see the schematic). A plot showing the impact of various levels of bulk capacitance on the voltage ripple on the power supply line is shown in Figure 3-18. This ripple is maximum at higher frequency. The figure shows worst-case voltage ripple for a 20-kHz, 10-W output into a 4- load. In all cases, two 10-F and one 1-F ceramic chip capacitors were decoupling the power supply signal from the EVM. The 1-F unit was placed immediately adjacent to the IC power pins, and the 10-F units were placed adjacent to each other a little farther out. The upper trace shows the ripple when only these capacitors are used. The middle trace shows the impact of an additional 330-F aluminum electrolytic capacitor rated at 25 V, 90 m, and for 755 mA at 100 kHz. In the bottom trace, the 330-F capacitor was replaced by a 390-F aluminum electrolytic capacitor rated at 35 V, 65 m, and for 1.2 A of 100 kHz ripple current. The results indicate that for sensitive circuits where minimum voltage ripple is required, a larger bulk capacitance with low ESR should be used. For systems that are contained and EMI is controlled, less capacitance may be used. The difference in the level of distortion in the output signal was very small between each level of decoupling, with the 20-F bulk capacitance providing the least distortion. This is attributed to the low ESR of the capacitor, which is only a few millohms at the switching frequency of 250 kHz. The distortion is made lower still by the parallel combination. Distortion of the output signal when only one 10-F capacitor is used is the same as for 20 F. The difference is more noticeable on the power supply line, though the distortion is increased only slightly more than with the 20-F capacitor.
Figure 3-18. Power Supply Decoupling
RIPPLE VOLTAGE
Vcc Ripple Voltage (2 V per division)
Time (10 sec per division)
3-24
Details
TPA032D02 Class-D EVM Interconnects
3.8 TPA032D02 Class-D EVM Interconnects
Table 3-4 shows the correlation between the TPA032D02 class-D amplifier IC pins, the EVM pins, and the plug-n-play (PNP) platform sockets.
Table 3-4. TPA032D02 Class-D EVM/Plug-N-Play Platform Interconnects
CLASS-D EVM IC PIN 8, 9 16, 21, 28, 33, 40 3, 7, 12, 13, 20, 27, 36, 37, 46, 47 44 45 38, 39 34,35 5 4 10, 11 14, 15 2 EVM PIN VCC GND FUNCTION ON EVM Power for left channel, right channel, input, and headphone circuits Analog and power ground for EVM, all pins Class-D right channel positive input Class-D right channel inverted input Class-D right channel positive output Class-D right channel inverted output Class-D left channel positive input Class-D left channel inverted input Class-D left channel positive output Class-D left channel inverted output Mute control external input pin: active low -- selected amplifier active when held > 2 V Shutdown control external input pin: active low -- normal operation when held > 2 V PLUG-N-PLAY PLATFORM PNP SOCKET VCC GND FUNCTION ON PLATFORM Power from J1 or J2 Ground for platform from J1 or J2
RIN+ RIN- Rout+ Rout- LIN+ LIN- Lout+ Lout- Mute
Right In (line) GND Right Out + Right Out - Left In (line) GND Left Out + Left Out - N/C
Right channel input from J3 or J4 Ground for platform from J1, J2 Right channel positive output to J7 or J8 Right channel negative output to J7 or J8 Left channel input from J4 or J5 Ground for platform from J1, J2 Left channel positive output to J8 or J9 Left channel negative output to J8 or J9 No connect
1
SD
Mute
Mute control from JP6 for use when testing a headphone amplifier in socket U5 in conjunction with an EVM in U2/U3/U4 No connect No connect Power from J6 or power regulator installed in platform socket U6
41 42 -
TP4 TP3 VDD
Fault-1: Logic level fault-1 output signal. MSB. Open drain. Fault-0: Logic level fault-0 output signal. LSB. Open drain. Power for EVM TTL logic control inputs
N/C N/C VDD
Details
3-25
TPA032D02 Class-D EVM Bill of Materials
3.9 TPA032D02 Class-D EVM Bill of Materials
The components in the bill of materials (Table 3-5) were selected for their common values, availability, and the smallest size available to meet these criteria.
Table 3-5. TPA032D02 Class-D EVM Bill of Materials
Reference C17 C1, C2, C3, C4, C8, C10, C11, C15, C16, C18 C19 C5, C6, C7 C9, C12 C13, C14 Description Capacitor, Ceramic Chip, 0.1 F, 10%, 50 V, X7R Capacitor, Ceramic Chip, 1 F, 10%, 25 V, X7R Capacitor, Ceramic Chip, 47 nF, 10%, 50 V, X7R Capacitor, Ceramic Chip, 1 nF, 5%, 50 V, C0G, Capacitor, Ceramic Chip, 10 F, +80%-20%, 25 V, Y5V Not assembled Size 0805 1206 EVM Qty. 1 10 Manufacturer/ Part Number Kemet C0805C104J5RAC Kemet C1206C105K3RAC Kemet C0805V473K5RAC Kemet C0805C102J5GAC muRata GRM235Y5V106Z25
0805 0805 1210 0.492" x 0.0236" x 0.197" 1206 1812 0.398" x 0.398" x 0.236" 0603 0603 0603 0.5", 0.25", 0.1"
1 3 2 2
C20, C21, C22, C23 C24, C25 L1, L2, L3, L4 R1, R2, R3, R4 R5 R6
Capacitor, Ceramic Chip, 0.22 F, 10%, 50 V, X7R Capacitor, Ceramic Chip, 1 F, 10%, 50 V, X7R Inductor, SMT, 15 H, 20%, 2.2 ADC, 47.2 m @ 1 kHz, -20 to +90C Resistor, Thick Film Chip, SMD, 100 k, 5%, 1/10 W, 100 V, -50 to 150C, 200 ppm/C Resistor, Thick Film Chip, SMD, 500 k, 5%, 1/16 W, 150 V, -50 to 150C, 200 ppm/C Resistor, Thick Film Chip, SMD, 150 k, 5%, 1/16 W, 150 V, -50 to 150C, 200 ppm/C Header Pins, Gold, Single, 0.5" Long, 0.25" Wide, 0.100" centers
4 2 4 4 1 1 16 4
Kemet C1206C224K5RAC Kemet C1812C105K5RAC TDK SLF10145T-150M2R2 Vishay/Dale CRCW0603104J Vishay/Dale CRCW0603500K Vishay/Dale CRCW0603153J Samtec TSW-19-8-G-S Farnell 240-345 Panasonic EVQ-PJS04K TI TPA032D02DCA
TP1 - TP4 S1, S2 U1
Test Point, Red Switch, Momentary, Push Button, 12 VDC, 50 mA IC, Audio Amplifier, Class-D, 32 W, 48 pin, DCA pkg 0.291" x 0.138" x 0.134" TSSOP48
2 1
Capacitors C13 and C14are optional (not assembled) and locations for them on the EVM PCB have been provided to increase design flexibility and allow decoupling capacitance to be added (Section 3.7 Power Supply Decoupling).
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Details
TPA032D02 Class-D EVM Schematic
3.10 TPA032D02 Class-D EVM Schematic
The TPA032D02 class-D EVM schematic is shown in Figure 3-19.
Figure 3-19. TPA032D02 Class-D EVM Schematic Diagram
VDD
R1 100k
SD
R2 100k S2 SD TPA032D02
1 2 SHUTDOWN COSC AGND AGND RINN RINP RCOMP FAULT_0 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 MUTE 3 AGND 4 LINN 5 LINP 6 LCOMP 7 AGND
VDD VCC
5V 12 V
Mute
S1 Mute
LIN- LIN+
C5 1000pF 1F C1 1F C4 1000pF C7 TP1 TP2 L2 15H L4 15H C11 1F C12 10F C14
RIN- RIN+
C3 1F C2 1F C6 1000pF C13 C9 10F C10 1F C8 1F
R3 100k R4 100k
8 9 10 VDD LPVDD LOUTP LOUTP PGND PGND LOUTN LOUTN LPVDD VCCREG NC NC AGND PVDD VCP NC CP1 FAULT_1 41 RPVDD 40 39 ROUTP 38 ROUTP 37 PGND 36 PGND 35 ROUTN 34 ROUTN 33 RPVDD 32 VCC 31 NC 30 NC 29 V2P5 28 PVDD 27 PGND 26 NC 25 CP2 VDD
VCC LOUT+
VCC ROUT+
C20 C24 1F 0.22F C21 0.22F
L1 15H L3 15H
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
C23 0.22F C22 0.22F
C25 1F
ROUT- VCC
LOUT-
C18 1F C16 1F
R5 R6 500k 150k
VCC
C15 1F
22
C17 0.1F
23 24
C19
0.047F
Capacitors C13 and C14 are optional (not assembled) and locations for them on the EVM PCB have been provided to increase design flexibility and allow decoupling capacitance to be added (Section 3.7 Power Supply Decoupling).
Details
3-27
TPA032D02 Class-D EVM PCB Layers
3.11 TPA032D02 Class-D EVM PCB Layers
The following illustrations depict the TPA032D02 class-D EVM PCB assembly and layers. These drawings are not to scale. Gerber plots can be obtained from any TI Sales Office.
Figure 3-20. TPA032D02 Class-D EVM Top Assembly
Figure 3-21. TPA032D02 Class-D EVM Bottom Assembly
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Details
TPA032D02 Class-D EVM PCB Layers
Figure 3-22. TPA032D02 Class-D EVM Top Layer
Figure 3-23. TPA032D02 Class-D EVM Second Layer
Details
3-29
TPA032D02 Class-D EVM PCB Layers
Figure 3-24. TPA032D02 Class-D EVM Third Layer
Figure 3-25. TPA032D02 Class-D EVM Bottom Layer
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Details

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