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TSL230, TSL230A, TSL230B PROGRAMMABLE LIGHT TO FREQUENCY CONVERTERS
t TAOS004 - MAY 1999
D High-Resolution Conversion of Light D D D D D D
Intensity to Frequency With No External Components Programmable Sensitivity and Full-Scale Output Frequency Communicates Directly With a Microcontroller Single-Supply Operation Down to 2.7 V, With Power-Down Feature Absolute Output Frequency Tolerance of 5% (TSL230B) Nonlinearity Error Typically 0.2% at 100 kHz Stable 100 ppm/C Temperature Coefficient
S0 S1 OE GND
(TOP VIEW) 8 2 3 4 7 6 5
S3 S2 OUT VDD
Description
The TSL230, TSL230A, and TSL230B programmable light-to-frequency converters combine a configurable silicon photodiode and a current-to-frequency converter on single monolithic CMOS integrated circuits. The output can be either a pulse train or a square wave (50% duty cycle) with frequency directly proportional to light intensity. Device sensitivity is selectable in three ranges, providing two decades of adjustment. The full-scale output frequency can be scaled by one of four preset values. All inputs and the output are TTL compatible, allowing direct two-way communication with a microcontroller for programming and output interface. An output enable (OE) is provided that places the output in the high-impedance state for multiple-unit sharing of a microcontroller input line. The devices are available with absolute-output-frequency tolerances of 5% (TSL230B), 10% (TSL230A), or 20% (TSL230). Each circuit has been temperature compensated for the ultraviolet-to-visible-light range of 300 nm to 700 nm and are characterized for operation over the temperature range of -25C to 70C.
Terminal Functions
TERMINAL NAME GND OE OUT S0, S1 S2, S3 VDD NO. 4 3 6 1, 2 7, 8 5 I O I I I/O Ground Enable for fO (active low) Scaled-frequency (fO) output Sensitivity-select inputs fO scaling-select inputs Supply voltage DESCRIPTION S1 L L H H S0 L H L H
Selectable Options
SENSITIVITY Power Down 1x 10x 100x S3 L L H H S2 L H L H fO SCALING (divide-by) 1 2 10 100
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800 Jupiter Road, Suite 205 S Plano, TX 75074 S (972) 673-0759
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Copyright E 2001, TAOS Inc.
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TSL230, TSL230A, TSL230B PROGRAMMABLE LIGHT TO FREQUENCY CONVERTERS
TAOS004 - MAY 1999
Functional Block Diagram
Output Light Photodiode Current-to-Frequency Converter
OE S0 S1 S2 S3
Absolute Maximum Ratings over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)
Supply voltage, VDD (see Note 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 V Input voltage range, all inputs, VI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3 V to VDD + 0.3 V Operating free-air temperature range, TA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -25C to 70C Storage temperature range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -25C to 85C Lead temperature 1,6 mm (1/16 inch) from case for 10 seconds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260C
Stresses beyond those listed under "absolute maximum ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under "recommended operating conditions" is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. NOTE 1: All voltage values are with respect to GND.
Recommended Operating Conditions
MIN Supply voltage, VDD High-level input voltage, VIH Low-level input voltage, VIL Operating free-air temperature range, TA VDD = 4.5 V to 5.5 V VDD = 4.5 V to 5.5 V 2.7 2 0 -25 NOM 5 MAX 6 VDD 0.8 70 UNIT V V V C
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TSL230, TSL230A, TSL230B PROGRAMMABLE LIGHT TO FREQUENCY CONVERTERS
TAOS004 - MAY 1999
Electrical Characteristics at TA = 25C, VDD = 5 V (unless otherwise noted)
PARAMETER VOH VOL IIH IIL IDD High-level output voltage Low-level output voltage High-level input current Low-level input current Power-on mode Supply current Full-scale kSVS frequency 700 nm, -25C TA 70C VDD = 5 V 10% Power-down mode 1.1 100 0.5 2 TEST CONDITIONS IOH = -4 mA IOL = 4 mA MIN 4 TYP 4.3 0.17 0.26 1 1 3 10 MAX UNIT V V A A mA A MHz ppm/C %/V
Temperature coefficient of output frequency Supply voltage sensitivity
Operating Characteristics at VDD = 5 V, TA = 25C
TSL230 PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS S0 = H, S1 = S2 = S3 = L, Ee = 130 mW/cm2, p = 670 nm Ee = 0, S0 = H, S1 = S2 = S3 = L S1 = H, S0 = S2 = S3 = L, Ee = 13 mW/cm2, p = 670 nm Ee = 0 S1 = H, S0 = S2 = S3 = L S0 = S1 = H, S2 = S3 = L, Ee = 1.3 mW/cm2, p = 670 nm Ee = 0, S0 = S1 = H, S2 = S3 = L tw Out ut ulse Output pulse duration S2 = S3 = L S2 or S3 = H fO = 0 MHz to 10 kHz Nonlinearity Recovery from power down Step response to full-scale step input Response time to programming change Response time to output enable (OE)

TSL230A MAX MIN TYP MAX MIN
TSL230B TYP MAX UNIT
MIN
TYP
0.8
1
1.2
0.9
1
1.1
0.95
1
1.05
MHz
0.1
10
0.1
10
0.1
10
Hz
0.8
1
1.2
0.9
1
1.1
0.95
1
1.05
MHz
fO
Output frequency
0.13
10
0.13
10
0.13
10
Hz
0.8
1
1.2
0.9
1
1.1
0.95
1
1.05
MHz
0.5 125 1/2fO 0.1% 0.2% 0.5%
10 550 125
0.5
10 550 125
0.5
10 550
Hz ns s %F.S. %F.S. %F.S.
1/2fO 0.1% 0.2% 0.5% 100 100
1/2fO 0.1% 0.2% 0.5% 100
fO = 0 MHz to 100 kHz fO = 0 MHz to 1 MHz
s
1 pulse of new frequency plus 1 s 2 periods of new principal frequency plus 1 s
50
150
50
150
50
150
ns
Full-scale frequency is the maximum operating frequency of the device without saturation. Nonlinearity is defined as the deviation of fO from a straight line between zero and full scale, expressed as a percent of full scale. Principal frequency is the internal oscillator frequency, equivalent to divide-by-1 output selection.
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TSL230, TSL230A, TSL230B PROGRAMMABLE LIGHT TO FREQUENCY CONVERTERS
TAOS004 - MAY 1999
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
OUTPUT FREQUENCY vs IRRADIANCE
1000 VDD = 5 V p = 670 nm TA = 25C S2 = S3 = L S0 = H, S1 = H 1 TA = 25C 0.8 Normalized Responsivity
PHOTODIODE SPECTRAL RESPONSIVITY
100 fO - Output Frequency - kHz
10
0.6
1
0.4
0.1
S0 = L, S1 = H
0.01 S0 = H, S1 = L 0.001 0.001 0.01 0.1
0.2
1
10 100
1k
10 k 100 k 1 M
0 300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000 1100
Ee - Irradiance - W/cm2
- Wavelength - nm
Figure 1
Figure 2
TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT OF OUTPUT FREQUENCY vs WAVELENGTH OF INCIDENT LIGHT
10000 VDD = 5 V TA = 25C to 70C 8000
100 VDD = 5 V Ee = 0 S2 = S3 = L
10 fO(dark) - Dark Frequency - Hz
1 S0 = H, S1 = H 0.1 S0 = L, S1 = H
Temperature Coefficient of Output Frequency - ppm/ C
DARK FREQUENCY vs TEMPERATURE
6000
4000
0.01 S0 = H, S1 = L 0.001
2000
0.0001 - 25
0
25 TA - Temperature - C
50
75
0 300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
- Wavelength of Incident Light - nm
Figure 3
Figure 4
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TSL230, TSL230A, TSL230B PROGRAMMABLE LIGHT TO FREQUENCY CONVERTERS
TAOS004 - MAY 1999
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
OUTPUT FREQUENCY vs SUPPLY VOLTAGE
1.005 1.004 Normalized Output Frequency 1.003 1.002 1.001 1 0.999 0.998 0.997 0.996 0.995 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 TA = 25C fO = 1 MHz
VDD - Supply Voltage - V
Figure 5
APPLICATION INFORMATION Power-supply considerations
For optimum device performance, power-supply lines should be decoupled by a 0.01-F to 0.1-F capacitor with short leads.
Output interface
The output of the device is designed to drive a standard TTL or CMOS logic input over short distances. If lines greater than 12 inches are used on the output, a buffer or line driver is recommended.
Sensitivity adjustment
Sensitivity is controlled by two logic inputs, S0 and S1. Sensitivity is adjusted using an electronic iris technique -- effectively an aperture control -- to change the response of the device to a given amount of light. The sensitivity can be set to one of three levels: 1x, 10x or 100x, providing two decades of adjustment. This allows the responsivity of the device to be optimized to a given light level while preserving the full-scale output-frequency range. Changing of sensitivity also changes the effective photodiode area by the same factor.
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TSL230, TSL230A, TSL230B PROGRAMMABLE LIGHT TO FREQUENCY CONVERTERS
TAOS004 - MAY 1999
APPLICATION INFORMATION Output-frequency scaling
Output-frequency scaling is controlled by two logic inputs, S2 and S3. Scaling is accomplished on chip by internally connecting the pulse-train output of the converter to a series of frequency dividers. Divided outputs available are divide-by 2, 10, 100, and 1 (no division). Divided outputs are 50 percent-duty-cycle square waves while the direct output (divide-by 1) is a fixed-pulse-width pulse train. Because division of the output frequency is accomplished by counting pulses of the principal (divide-by 1) frequency, the final-output period represents an average of n (where n is 2, 10, or 100) periods of the principal frequency. The output-scaling-counter registers are cleared upon the next pulse of the principal frequency after any transition of the S0, S1, S2, S3, or OE lines. The output goes high upon the next subsequent pulse of the principal frequency, beginning a new valid period. This minimizes the time delay between a change on the input lines and the resulting new output period in the divided output modes. In contrast with the sensitivity adjust, use of the divided outputs lowers both the full-scale frequency and the dark frequency by the selected scale factor. The frequency-scaling function allows the output range to be optimized for a variety of measurement techniques. The divide-by-1 or straight-through output can be used with a frequency counter, pulse accumulator, or high-speed timer (period measurement). The divided-down outputs may be used where only a slower frequency counter is available, such as a low-cost microcontroller, or where period measurement techniques are used. The divide-by-10 and divide-by-100 outputs provide lower frequency ranges for high resolution-period measurement.
Measuring the frequency
The choice of interface and measurement technique depends on the desired resolution and data acquisition rate. For maximum data-acquisition rate, period-measurement techniques are used. Using the divide-by-2 output, data can be collected at a rate of twice the output frequency or one data point every microsecond for full-scale output. Period measurement requires the use of a fast reference clock with available resolution directly related to reference-clock rate. Output scaling can be used to increase the resolution for a given clock rate or to maximize resolution as the light input changes. Period measurement is used to measure rapidly varying light levels or to make a very fast measurement of a constant light source. Maximum resolution and accuracy may be obtained using frequency-measurement, pulse-accumulation, or integration techniques. Frequency measurements provide the added benefit of averaging out random- or high-frequency variations (jitter) resulting from noise in the light signal. Resolution is limited mainly by available counter registers and allowable measurement time. Frequency measurement is well suited for slowly varying or constant light levels and for reading average light levels over short periods of time. Integration (the accumulation of pulses over a very long period of time) can be used to measure exposure, the amount of light present in an area over a given time period.
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TSL230, TSL230A, TSL230B PROGRAMMABLE LIGHT TO FREQUENCY CONVERTERS
TAOS004 - MAY 1999
MECHANICAL INFORMATION
This dual-in-line package consists of an integrated circuit mounted on a lead frame and encapsulated with an electrically nonconductive clear plastic compound. The photodiode area is typically 1.36 mm2 (0.0029 in2) (S0 = S1 = H).
Pin 1 Pin 2 Pin 3 Pin 4 Pin 5 Pin 6 Pin 7 Pin 8 S0 S1 OE GND VDD OUT S2 S3
0.310 (7,87) 0.290 (7,37) 0.260 (6,60) 0.240 (6,10) 0.075 (1,91) 0.060 (1,52) 10 TYP 0.030 (0,76) D NOM 0.175 (4,45) 0.155 (3,94) 0.430 (10,92) 0.410 (10,41) 0.390 (9,91) 8 5
0.310 (7,87) 0.290 (7,37)
(Center of active area coincides C with package L center.) 0.020 (0,51) R NOM 4 Places 8 MAX TYP 0.053 (1,35) 0.043 (1,09)
1 0.060 (1,52) 0.040 (1,02) 8 Places
4
Seating Plane 0.020 (0,51) R MAX 4 Places 105 90 8 Places 0.012 (0,30) 0.008 (0,20) 0.016 (0,41) 0.014 (0,36) 0.067 (1,70) 0.053 (1,35) 0.150 (3,81) 0.125 (3,18) 0.025 (0,64) 0.015 (0,38) 0.100 (2,54) T.P.

True position when unit is installed Minimum flat-optical-surface length NOTES: A. All linear dimensions are in inches and parenthetically in millimeters. B. This drawing is subject to change without notice. C. Index of refraction of clear plastic is 1.55.
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TSL230, TSL230A, TSL230B PROGRAMMABLE LIGHT TO FREQUENCY CONVERTERS
TAOS004 - MAY 1999
PRODUCTION DATA -- information in this document is current at publication date. Products conform to specifications in accordance with the terms of Texas Advanced Optoelectronic Solutions, Inc. standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters.
NOTICE
Texas Advanced Optoelectronic Solutions, Inc. (TAOS) reserves the right to make changes to the products contained in this document to improve performance or for any other purpose, or to discontinue them without notice. Customers are advised to contact TAOS to obtain the latest product information before placing orders or designing TAOS products into systems. TAOS assumes no responsibility for the use of any products or circuits described in this document or customer product design, conveys no license, either expressed or implied, under any patent or other right, and makes no representation that the circuits are free of patent infringement. TAOS further makes no claim as to the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does TAOS assume any liability arising out of the use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation consequential or incidental damages. TEXAS ADVANCED OPTOELECTRONIC SOLUTIONS, INC. PRODUCTS ARE NOT DESIGNED OR INTENDED FOR USE IN CRITICAL APPLICATIONS IN WHICH THE FAILURE OR MALFUNCTION OF THE TAOS PRODUCT MAY RESULT IN PERSONAL INJURY OR DEATH. USE OF TAOS PRODUCTS IN LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS IS EXPRESSLY UNAUTHORIZED AND ANY SUCH USE BY A CUSTOMER IS COMPLETELY AT THE CUSTOMER'S RISK.
TAOS, the TAOS logo, and Texas Advanced Optoelectronic Solutions are trademarks of Texas Advanced Optoelectronic Solutions Incorporated.
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