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September 1998
Features
T CT OD U C E M E N PR LA E t EP LET t er a BSONDED R 56 C e n /t s c OE 25 port m HA- al Sup rsil.co OM M C e c t RE ni w .in ech ur T L or ww o Current SI t act con -INTER 8 1-88 Description
(R)
HA-2557
130MHz, Four Quadrant, Output Analog Multiplier
* Low Multiplication Error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5% * Input Bias Currents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8A * Y Input Feedthrough at 5MHz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -50dB * Wide Y Channel Bandwidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130MHz * Wide X Channel Bandwidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75MHz
The HA-2557 is a monolithic, high speed, four quadrant, analog multiplier constructed in Harris' Dielectrically Isolated High Frequency Process. The single-ended current output of the HA-2557 has a 130MHz signal bandwidth (R L = 50). High bandwidth and low distortion make this part an ideal component in video systems. The suitability for precision video applications is demonstrated further by low multiplication error (1.5%), low feedthrough (-50dB), and differential inputs with low bias currents (8A). The HA-2557 is also well suited for mixer circuits as well as AGC applications for sonar, radar, and medical imaging equipment. The current output of the HA-2557 allows it to achieve higher bandwidths than voltage output multipliers. Full scale output current is trimmed to 1.6mA. An internal 2500 feedback resistor is also provided to accurately convert the current, if desired, to a full scale output voltage of 4V. The HA-2557 is not limited to multiplication applications only; frequency doubling and power detection are also possible. For MIL-STD-883 compliant product consult the HA-2557/883 datasheet.
Applications
* Military Avionics * Medical Imaging Displays * Video Mixers * Sonar AGC Processors * Radar Signal Conditioning * Voltage Controlled Amplifier * Vector Generator
Part Number Information
PART NUMBER HA3-2557-9 HA9P2557-9 TEMP. RANGE ( oC) -40 to 85 -40 to 85 PACKAGE 16 Ld PDIP 16 Ld SOIC PKG. NO. E16.3 M16.3
Pinout
HA-2557 (PDIP, SOIC) TOP VIEW
GND VREF VYIOB VYIOA VY + VY VIOUT 1 REF 2 3 4 X 5 Y 6 7 8 X 11 V+ 10 RZ 12 VX 15 VXIOB 14 NC 13 VX + 16 VXIO A
Schematic
V+
VBIAS VBIAS IOUT VX+ VXVY+ REF + YYRZ
9
NC
-
VXIO A
VXIO B
GND VYIO A
VYIOB V-
CAUTION: These devices are sensitive to electrostatic discharge; follow proper IC Handling Procedures. 1-888-INTERSIL or 321-724-7143 | Intersil (and design) is a registered trademark of Intersil Americas Inc. Copyright (c) Intersil Americas Inc. 2002. All Rights Reserved 8-1
File Number
2478.6
HA-2557
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Voltage Between V+ and V- Terminals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35V Differential Input Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6V Output Current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3mA
Thermal Information
Thermal Resistance (Typical, Note 1)
JA (oC/W)
Operating Conditions
Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -40oC to 85oC
PDIP Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 SOIC Package. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Maximum Junction Temperature (Die) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175oC Maximum Junction Temperature (Plastic Package) . . . . . . . . 150oC Maximum Storage Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . -65oC to 150oC Maximum Lead Temperature (Soldering 10s). . . . . . . . . . . . 300oC (SOIC - Lead Tips Only)
CAUTION: Stresses above those listed in "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress only rating and operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational sections of this specification is not implied.
NOTE: 1. JA is measured with the component mounted on an evaluation PC board in free air.
Electrical Specifications
PARAMETER MULTIPLIER PERFORMANCE Transfer Function
VSUPPLY = 15V, Unless Otherwise Specified TEMP. (oC) HA-2557-9 MIN TYP MAX UNITS
TEST CONDITIONS
( V X+ - VX- ) x ( V Y+ - V Y- ) IOUT = ------------------------------------------------------------------10kV 25 Full Full 25 VX, VY = 4V, Full Scale = 4V VX, VY = 3V, Full Scale = 3V 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 Full Full 25 Full 25 Full 25 25 Note 3 f = 1kHz f = 100kHz Full 25 25 25 Full Full 25 4 65 4 1.5 3.0 0.003 10 0.1 0.05 130 75 7 3 -50 0.03 4 8 35 8 12 0.5 1.0 1 78 150 40 2.4 5.6 1.6 3 6 0.25 15 25 15 25 2 3 10 15 %FS %FS %/oC kV % % MHz MHz ns ns dB % mV mV V/oC A A A A M V dB nV/Hz nV/Hz A A V mA
Multiplication Error (Note 2) Multiplication Error Drift Scale Factor Linearity Error AC CHARACTERISTICS Small Signal Bandwidth (-3dB) VY = 200mV P-P, VX = 4V (R L = 50) VX = 200mV P-P, VY = 4V Rise Time Propagation Delay Feedthrough (Note 4) THD+N SIGNAL INPUT VX, VY Input Offset Voltage Average Offset Voltage Drift Input Bias Current Input Offset Current Differential Input Resistance Differential Input Range CMRR Voltage Noise (Pin 10 = GND VX = VY = GND) OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS Output Offset Current Full Scale Output Compliance Voltage Full Scale Output Current VOUT = -80mV to +80mV, RL = 50 RL = 50 f = 5MHz f = 10kHz, VY = 1VRMS, VX = 4V
8-2
HA-2557
Electrical Specifications
PARAMETER Output Resistance Output Capacitance Internal Resistor (RZ) POWER SUPPLY +PSRR -PSRR Supply Current NOTES: 2. Error is percent of full scale, 1% = 16A. 3. VXCM = 10V, VYCM = +9V, -10V. 4. Relative to full scale output. VS = 12V to 17V VS = 12V to 17V Full Full Full 65 45 80 55 13 17 dB dB mA 10V VSUPPLY = 15V, Unless Otherwise Specified (Continued) TEMP. (oC) 25 25 25 Full HA-2557-9 MIN 1.0 2425 2375 TYP 1.5 6.5 2500 2500 MAX 2575 2625 UNITS M pF
TEST CONDITIONS
Test Circuit and Waveform
1 REF NC NC NC VY+ 2 3 4 X 5 Y 6 -15V 7 8 VOUT 50 X 11 10 9 +15V NC NC 12 16 15 14 13 NC NC NC VX+
Vertical Scale: Top 5V/Div. Bottom: 100mV/Div. Horizontal Scale: 20ns/Div. VY TRANSIENT RESPONSE
FIGURE 1. AC AND TRANSIENT RESPONSE TEST CIRCUIT
Application Information
Operation at Reduced Supply Voltages The HA-2557 will operate over a range of supply voltages, 5V to 15V. Use of supply voltages below 12V will reduce input and output voltage ranges. See "Typical Performance Curves" for more information. The 5V range is particularly useful in video applications. At 5V the input voltage range is reduced to 1.4V limiting the fullscale output current. Another current output option is the HA-2556 voltage output multiplier configured for current output with an output sensing resistor (Refer to the HA-2556 data sheet). Offset Adjustment The channel offset voltage may be nulled by using a 20K potentiometer between the VYIO or VXIO adjust pin A and B and connecting the wiper to V-. Reducing the channel offset voltage will reduce AC feedthrough and improve the multiplication error. Theory of Operation The HA-2557 creates an output current that is the product of the X and Y input voltages divided by a constant scale factor of 10kV. The resulting output has the correct polarity in each of the four quadrants defined by the combinations of positive and negative X and Y inputs. This results in the following equation, where X and Y are high impedance differential inputs:
XxY I OUT = -----------------10kV
To accomplish this the differential input voltages are first converted into differential currents by the X and Y input transconductance stages. The currents are then scaled by a constant reference and combined in the multiplier core. The multiplier core is a basic Gilbert Cell that produces a differential output current proportional to the product of X and Y input signal currents. This current is converted into the output for the HA-2557. The purpose of the reference circuit is to provide a stable current, used in setting the scale factor. This is achieved with a bandgap reference circuit to produce a temperature stable voltage of 1.2V which is forced across a NiCr resistor. Slight adjustments to scale factor may be possible by overriding the
8-3
HA-2557
internal reference with the VREF pin. The scale factor is used to maintain the output of the multiplier within the normal operating range of 1.6mA when full scale inputs are applied.
ACOS()
VX+ VX -
+
-
Typical Applications
Communication Applications The multiplier function of the HA-2557 has applications in AM Signal Generation, Synchronous AM Detection and Phase Detection. These circuit configurations are shown in Figure 2, Figure 3 and Figure 4. By feeding a signal into both X and Y inputs a Square function results that is useful as a Frequency Doubler as shown in Figure 5. The HA-2557 is particularly useful in applications that require the interaction of high speed signals. Both inputs X and Y have similar wide bandwidth and input characteristics. This is unlike earlier products where one input was dedicated to a slow moving control function as is required for Automatic Gain Control. The HA-2557 is versatile enough for both.
ACOS() AUDIO VX1/10kV CCOS(C) VY+ CARRIER VYAC I OUT = ---------------- ( Co s ( C - A ) + C os ( C + A ) ) 20kV + VX+ + ACOS(+)
X IOUT X Y RZ
1/10kV VY+ VY +
-
A2 I OUT = ------------------ ( Cos ( ) + Cos ( 2 + ) ) 20kV
DC COMPONENT IS PROPORTIONAL TO COS()
FIGURE 4. PHASE DETECTION
VX + VX -
ACOS()
+
-
X IOUT X Y RZ
1/10kV
-
X X Y RZ IOUT
VY + VY -
+
-
( ACos ( ) x ACos ( ) ) = 10kV ( IOUT )
WHICH EVALUATES TO:
-
A IOUT = ---------- ( 1 + Cos ( 2 ) ) 20K FIGURE 5. FREQUENCY DOUBLER
2
FIGURE 2. AM SIGNAL GENERATION
AM SIGNAL
VX+ + VX -
-
X X Y RZ IOUT
1/10kV CARRIER VY+ + VY -
-
Although the X and Y inputs have similar AC characteristics, they are not the same. The designer should consider input parameters such as small signal bandwidth and AC feedthrough to get the most performance from the HA-2557. The Y channel is the faster of the two inputs with a small signal bandwidth of typically 130MHz verses 75MHz for the X channel. Therefore in AM Signal Generation, the best performance will be obtained with the Carrier applied to the Y channel and the modulation signal (lower frequency) applied to the X channel.
LIKE THE FREQUENCY DOUBLER YOU GET AUDIO CENTERED AT DC AND 2FC .
FIGURE 3. SYNCHRONOUS AM DETECTION
8-4
HA-2557
1 REF NC NC NC VY 0.01 6 -15V 1.0 IOUT 7 8 3pF RZ 2 3 4 X 5 Y X 2.5K 11 10 9 NC 1.0 +15V 16 NC 15 NC 14 NC VX 13 0.01 12
conversion. The parasitic capacitance at the negative input of the HA-2842 must be compensated with a 3pF capacitor from pin 2 to pin 6. This compensation will also insure that the amp will see a noise gain of 2 at its crossover frequency, the minimum required for stability with this device. The full power bandwidth curve and large signal pulse response for this circuit are shown in Figure 11 and Figure 12 respectively. The fast slew rate of the HA-2842 results in a minimal reduction of bandwidth for large signals. Another choice for an I to V converter that takes better advantage of the wide bandwidth of the HA-2557, is to use the HA5023 Dual 100MHz current feedback amp. The optimum bandwidth of a current feedback amp is obtained with a fixed feedback resistor. Therefore scaling the I to V conversion to a convenient value requires two stages. Fortunately the HA5023 provides two wideband amplifiers in a single 8 pin Mini-DIP or SOIC package, while their current feedback architecture provides signal gain with minimal reduction in bandwidth. This circuit configuration is shown in Figure 8. The optimum bandwidth is achieved in stage 1 with a 909 feedback resistor. This voltage is then gained up by the second stage to provide a 4V Fullscale Voltage output with a bandwidth in excess of 90MHz. The 10pF capacitor and the additional 220 resistor improve gain flatness and reduce gain peaking. The HA5023 also provides excellent Full Power Bandwidth (-3dB at 80MHz for a 3.5V P-P signal). Typical curves for this application circuit are shown in Figures 13, 14, 15 and 16.
+
-
VOUT HA-2842 10k 0.1F
1N914 10k +15V 0.01F + HA-5127 20k 0.1F 5.6V
-
5k
FIGURE 6. AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROL
Automatic Gain Control Figure 6 shows the HA-2557 configured in an Automatic Gain Control or AGC application. The HA-2842 serves as an output I to V converter using RZ which is trimmed to provide an accurate 4V Fullscale conversion. Refer to Voltage Output Conversion for more details about this function. The HA-5127 low noise amplifier provides the gain control signal to the X input. This control signal sets the peak output voltage of the multiplier to match the preset reference level. The feedback network around the HA-5127 provides a response time adjustment. High frequency changes in the peak are rejected as noise or the desired signal to be transmitted. These signals do not indicate a change in the average peak value and therefore no gain adjustment is needed. Lower frequency changes in the peak value are given a gain of -1 for feedback to the control input. At DC the circuit is an integrator automatically compensating for offset and other constant error terms. This multiplier has the advantage over other AGC circuits, in that the signal bandwidth is not affected by the control signal gain adjustment. Voltage Output Conversion The HA-2842 is an excellent choice to perform the output current to voltage conversion as shown in Figure 7. The combination of 400V/s slew rate and 80MHz Gain Bandwidth product will maintain signal dynamics while providing a full scale 4V output. The HA-2842 also provides a hefty output drive capability of 100mA. This voltage feedback amplifier takes advantage of the internal R Z resistor, trimmed to provide an accurate 4V fullscale
+15V -15V 1 REF NC NC NC VY 0.01 6 -15V 1.0 IOUT 7 8 3pF 2 HA-2842 + 3 RZ 2 3 4 X 5 Y X 2.5K 11 1.0 10 9 NC +15V 12 16 NC 15 NC 14 NC 13 0.01 VX
-
6 0.01 1.0 0.01 1.0
VOUT
FIGURE 7. VOLTAGE OUTPUT CONVERSION
8-5
HA-2557
1 REF NC NC NC VY 0.01 6 2.5K -15V 1.0 IOUT 7 8 10pF RZ 2 3 4 X 5 Y X
16 NC 15 NC 14 NC 13 12 11 10 NC 9 NC 0.01 +15V VX
1.0
909 2 HA5023 3 (1/2) 8
220 6 5
619 2 of 2
+ 4
-
1 of 2 1
220 0.01 1.0 0.01 1.0
+ HA5023 (1/2)
-
8
VOUT
+15V -15V
FIGURE 8. VOLTAGE OUTPUT CONVERSION
Typical Performance Curves
-32 -32
GAIN (dB)
GAIN (dB)
-3dB AT 77MHz -37
-37
I OUT INTO 50 VY = 200mVP-P , VX = 4VDC -42 1M 10M FREQUENCY (Hz)
-3dB AT 131MHz IOUT INTO 50 VX = 200mVP-P VY = 4VDC 100M -42 1M 10M FREQUENCY (Hz) 100M
FIGURE 9. FIGURE 9. VY BANDWIDTH
FIGURE 10. FIGURE 10. VX BANDWIDTH
8-6
HA-2557 Typical Performance Curves
(Continued)
4 INTERNAL RX AS FEEDBACK RESISTOR, 2 PLUS 3pF COMPENSATION CAPACITOR VY = 3.5VP-P , VX = 4VDC
GAIN (dB)
0
-2
-4
-3dB AT 24.4MHz
-6 1K
10K
100K
1M
10M
100M
FREQUENCY (Hz)
Top: V Y Input 0 to 4V Step Bottom: HA-2842 0 to 4V Response FIGURE 12. VY TRANSIENT RESPONSE OF HA-2842 AS I TO V CONVERTER
FIGURE 11. HA-2557 INTO HA-2842 AS I TO V CONVERTER V Y FULLPOWER BANDWIDTH
4
FIRST STAGE USING A 909 FEEDBACK RESISTOR, OUTPUT OF SECOND STAGE (AMP 2) WITH 619 FEEDBACK RESISTOR AND 220 GAIN RESISTOR IN PARALLEL WITH A 10pF
2 GAIN (dB)
PLUS 220, VY = 200mVP-P, VX = 4VDC
0
-2 -3dB AT 94MHz -4 1M 10M FREQUENCY (Hz) 100M
Top: VY Input 0 to 4V Step Bottom: HA5023 0 to 4V Response FIGURE 14. VY TRANSIENT RESPONSE OF HA5023 AS I TO V CONVERTER
FIGURE 13. DRIVING HA5023 AS I TO V CONVERTER VY BANDWIDTH
8-7
HA-2557 Typical Performance Curves
(Continued)
4
FIRST STAGE USING A 909 FEEDBACK RESISTOR, OUTPUT OF SECOND STAGE (AMP 2) WITH 619 FEEDBACK RESISTOR AND 220 GAIN RESISTOR IN PARALLEL WITH A
2 GAIN (dB)
10pF PLUS 220, VX = 200mVP-P , VY = 4VDC
0
-2
-3dB AT 98MHz
-4 1M 10M FREQUENCY (Hz) 100M
Top: VX Input 0V to 4V Step Bottom: HA5023 0V to 4V Response FIGURE 16. VY TRANSIENT RESPONSE OF HA5023 AS I TO V CONVERTER
FIGURE 15. DRIVING HA5023 AS I TO V CONVERTER VX BANDWIDTH
4
FIRST STAGE USING A 909 FEEDBACK RESISTOR OUTPUT OF SECOND STAGE (AMP 2) WITH 619 FEEDBACK RESISTOR AND 220 GAIN RESISTOR IN PARALLEL WITH A 10pF
4
FIRST STAGE USING A 909 FEEDBACK RESISTOR OUTPUT OF SECOND STAGE (AMP 2) WITH 619 FEEDBACK RESISTOR AND 220 GAIN RESISTOR IN PARALLEL WITH A 10pF
2 GAIN (dB)
PLUS 220, VY = 3.5VP-P , VX = 4VDC GAIN (dB)
2
PLUS 220, VX = 3.5VP-P, VY = 4VDC
0
0
-2
-3dB AT 80MHz
-2
-3dB AT 80MHz
-4 1M 10M FREQUENCY (Hz) 100M
-4 1M 10M FREQUENCY (Hz) 100M
FIGURE 17. DRIVING HA5023 AS I TO V CONVERTER VY FULLPOWER BANDWIDTH
14 13
FIGURE 18. DRIVING HA5023 AS I TO V CONVERTER VX FULLPOWER BANDWIDTH
7 6 OFFSET VOLTAGE (mV) 5 4 3 |VIOX| 2 1 0 -100 |VIOY| -50 0 50 100 150 TEMPERATURE (oC)
12 BIAS CURRENT (A) 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 -100 -50 0 50 TEMPERATURE (oC) 100 150
FIGURE 19. INPUT BIAS CURRENT vs TEMPERATURE
FIGURE 20. OFFSET VOLTAGE vs TEMPERATURE
8-8
HA-2557 Typical Performance Curves
2 1.5 1 0.5 0 -0.5 -1 -100
(Continued)
6 INPUT VOLTAGE RANGE (V)
SCALE FACTOR ERROR (%)
5 X INPUT 4 Y INPUT
3
2
1 -50 0 50 100 150 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 TEMPERATURE (oC) SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
FIGURE 21. SCALE FACTOR ERROR vs TEMPERATURE
15 10 X INPUT 5 CMR (V) 0 -5
FIGURE 22. INPUT VOLTAGE RANGE vs SUPPLY VOLTAGE
Y INPUT
X AND Y INPUT -10 -15 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
FIGURE 23. INPUT COMMON MODE RANGE vs SUPPLY VOLTAGE
8-9
Die Characteristics
DIE DIMENSIONS: 71 mils x 100 mils x 19 mils METALLIZATION: Type: Aluminum, 1% Copper Thickness: 16kA 2kA SUBSTRATE POTENTIAL VPASSIVATION: Type: Nitride (Si3N4) over Silox (SiO2, 5% Phos) Nitride Thickness: 3.5kA 2kA Silox Thickness: 12kA 2kA TRANSISTOR COUNT: 72 PROCESS: Bipolar Dielectric Isolation
Metallization Mask Layout
HA-2557
VREF 2 GND 1 VXIOA 16 VXIOB 15
VYIOB 3 VYIOA 4
VX + 13
VY + 5
VX 12
VY 6
V+ 11
V7
IOUT 8
VZ + 9
RZ 10
8-10

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