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GATED MICROCHANNEL PLATE PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBE (MCP-PMTs)
R5916U-50 SERIES
Featuring Fast Gating Function with Improved Time Response and High Switching Ratio
FEATURES
GHigh Speed Gating by Low Supply Voltage (+10 V) Gate Rise Time : 1 ns A Gate Width : 5 ns GFast Rise Time : 180 ps Narrow TTS B : 90 ps GHigh Switching Ratio: 108 at 500 nm GLow Switching Noise GLow Dark Noise GVariety of Photocathode Available
APPLICATIONS
GEnvironmental monitoring GSatellite laser ranging GTime resolve fluorescence decay analysis
Figure 1: Typical Anode Output Waveform
TPMHB0245EB
Figure 3: Typical Gate Bias Characteristics (R5916U-50)
TPMHB0244EA
101 100 10-1 RELATIVE ANODE OUTPUT 10-2 10-3 10-4 10-5 10-6 10-7 400 nm 254 nm 300 nm
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (20 mV/div)
SUPPLY VOLTAGE: -3000 V RISE TIME : 180 ps FALL TIME : 700 ps PULSE WIDTH : 350 ps
TIME (0.2 ns/div)
10-8
Figure 2: Block Diagram of Anode Output Waveform Measuring Apparatus
TRIGGER OUT TRIGGER IN TRIGGER OUT PICOSECOND LIGHT PULSER HAMAMATSU MODEL#PLP-01 WAVELENGTH: 410 nm PULSE WIDTH (FWHM) : 35 ps ND FILTER R5916U-50 HAMAMATSU C4840 HIGH VOLTAGE POWER SUPPLY PULSE GENERATOR GATE PULSE
500 nm 10-9 20 15 10 5 0 -5 -10
INPUT GATE BIAS VOLTAGE (V)
These are the anode output ratios measured at the forward and reverse bias voltages with respect to the photocathode.
TEKTRONIX 11802 DIGITAL TRIGGER IN 50 LOAD SAMPLING OSCILLOSCOPE COMPUTER
TPMHC0094EB
Subject to local technical requirements and regulations, availability of products included in this promotional material may vary. Please consult with our sales office. Information furnished by HAMAMATSU is believed to be reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for possible inaccuracies or omissions. Specifications are subject to change without notice. No patent rights are granted to any of the circuits described herein. (c)2007 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K.
GATED MICROCHANNEL PLATE PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBE (MCP-PMTs) R5916U-50 SERIES
SPECIFICATIONS
PHOTOCATHODE SELECTION GUIDE
Suffix Number 50 51 52 53 Spectral Response (nm) Range Peak Wavelength 160 to 850 430 160 to 910 600 160 to 650 400 160 to 320 250 Photocathode Material Multialkali Extended Red Multialkali Bialkali Cs-Te Photocathode Window Material Synthetic Silica Synthetic Silica Synthetic Silica Synthetic Silica
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
Parameter Photocathode Effective Area in Diameter MCP Channel Diameter Dynode Structure C Capacitance between Mesh Electrode and Photocathode Operating Ambient Temperature Storage Temperature Description / Value 10 6 2-Stage Filmed MCP 14.7 -50 to +50 -50 to +50 Unit mm m -- pF C C
MAXIMUM RATINGS (Absolute Maximum Values)
Parameter Supply Voltage Average Anode Current Pulse Peak Current D Value -3400 100 350 Unit V nA mA
ELECTRICAL CHATACTERISTICS (R5916U-50) at 25 C E
Parameter Cathode Sensitivity Gain (at -3000 V) Anode Dark Counts (at -3000 V) G Voltage Divider Current Switching Ratio (at 500 nm) Time Response (at -3000 V) Rise Time H Fall Time I IRF (FWHM) J TTS (FWHM) Luminous F Radiant at 430 nm Min. 100 -- 1 x 105 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Typ. 150 50 2 x 105 10 -- 1.7 x 108 180 700 95 K 90 L Max. -- -- -- -- 100 -- -- 1000 -- -- Unit A/lm mA/W -- s-1 A -- ps ps ps ps
GATING CHARACTERISTICS
Parameter Input Gate Pulse PMT response Voltage Width Duty Cycle Rise Time Fall Time Min. 10 5 -- -- -- Typ. -- -- -- 1 1 Max. 50 10 000 1 -- -- Unit V ns % ns ns
NOTES
A This is defined at 10 % to 90 % of full pulse height. B Transit time spread (TTS) is the fluctuation in transit time among individual pulses and specified as an FWHM (full width at half maximum) with the incident
light having a single photoelectron state.
C Two microchannel plates (MCPs) are incorporated as a standard but we can provide it with either one or three MCPs as an option depending upon your request. D This is specified under the operating conditions that the repetition rate of light input is 100 Hz or less and its pulse width is 70 ps or less. E This is based on R5916U-50. All other types (suffix number 51, 52 and 53) have different characteristics based on photocathode sensitivity and anode dark
counts.
F The light source used to measure the luminous sensitivity is a tungsten filament lamp operated at a distribution temperature of 2856 K. The incident light
intensity is 10-4 lumen and 200 V is applied between photocathode and all other electrodes shorted as an anode.
G This is specified at a duty cyde of 1 %. H This is the mean time difference between the 10 % and 90 % amplitude points on the output waveform under full photocathode illumination. I This is the mean time difference between the 90 % and 10 % amplitude points on the tailing edge of the output waveform under full photocathode illumination. J IRF stands for Instrument Response Function which is a convolution of the -function (H(t)) of the measuring apparatus and the exciation function (E(t)) of a
laser. The IRF is given by the following formula: IRF = H(t) E(t)
K We specity the IRF as an FWHM of the time distribution taken by using the measuring apparatus in Figure 7 that is Hamamatsu standard IRF measuring set-
up. It can be estimated by the following equation: (IRF (FWHM))2 = (TTS)2 + (Tw)2 + (Tj)2 where Tw is the pulse width of the laser and Tj is the time jitter of all equipments used in the measurement. An IRF is provided with the tube. L TTS stands for Transit Time Spread (see B). Assuming that the laser pulse width (Tw) and time jitter of all equipment (Tj) used in Figure 7 are negligible, IRF can be estimated as equal to TTS (see B). Therefore, the TTS can be estimated to be 90 ps or so.
INPUT GATE PULSE
GATE ON Ph Ph : +10 V to +50 V Tw : 5 ns to 10 s Tr : 1 ns (10 % to 90 %) Tf : 1 ns (90 % to 10 %) Duty Cycle: Tw/Tp < 0.01 : =
GATE OFF Tw Tp
PMT OPERATING MODE
Tw OFF
ON Tr Tf
TACCC0044EA
R5916U-50 will be provided in a "normally off" mode configuration. It will be gated "on" only when the gate input pulse (+10 V to +50 V) is applied and gated "off" when it is grounded or left in open. However, we can also provide this device in a "normally on" mode configuration which can be operated under the same operating conditions above to give inverse performance. Please specify if you require a "normally on" mode configuration when placing an order.
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE DATA
Figure 4: Spectral Response Characteristics
PHOTOCATHODE RADIANT SENSITIVITY (mA/W)
103
TPMHB0177ED
Figure 5: Instrument Response Function (IRF)
TPMHB0246EB
102 QE = 25 %
102
-53
-52
QE = 10 %
101
RELATIVE COUNT
101
-50 -51 QE = 1 %
100
FWHM: 95 ps
100
QE = 0.1 %
10-1
10-2
10-1
10-3
10-2 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
10-4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
WAVELENGTH (nm)
TIME (ns)
GATED MICROCHANNEL PLATE PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBE (MCP-PMTs) R5916U-50 SERIES
Figure 6: Gain
TPMHB0179EA
107
Figure 7: Block Diagram of IRF (Instrument Response Function) Measuring Apparatus
HAMAMATSU PICOSECOND MODEL#PLP-01 WAVELENGTH: 410 nm LIGHT PULSER PULSE WIDTH TRIGGER IN (FWHM) : 35 ps TRIGGER OUT TRIGGER OUT ND FILTER R5916U-50
106
CURRENT GAIN
PULSE GENERATOR HAMAMATSU C4840 HIGH VOLTAGE POWER SUPPLY
105
GATE PULSE
104
HAMAMATSU C5594 ORTEC 457 START STOP
AMP
103
DELAY ORTEC 425A
TAC
CFD TENNELEC TC-454
MCA
102 -2.0
COMPUTER
NAIG
-2.2 -2.4 -2.6 -2.8 -3.0 -3.2 -3.4
TPMHC0095EB
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (kV)
Figure 8: Pulse Height Distribution (PHD)
TPMHB0337EB
Figure 9: Block Diagram of PHD Measuring Apparatus
HAMAMATSU C4840
10
COUNTS (1 x 10)
8
SUPPLY VOLTAGE : -3000 V WAVELENGTH : 410 nm AMBIENT TEMPERATURE : 25 C DARK COUNTS : 10 s-1 (Typ.) : R5916U-50 PMT : 200 ch PEAK : 50 ch DISCRI. LEVEL :1% GETE DUTY CYCLE SIGNAL + DARK COUNTS
ND FILTER HALOGEN LAMP PULSE GENERATOR
HIGH VOLTAGE POWER SUPPLY R5916U-50
6
4
GATE PULSE : +10 V REPETITION RATE : 10 kHz PULSE WIDTH : 100 ns PREAMP CANBERRA 2005
TPMHC0102EA
2
DARK COUNTS
COMPUTER
MCA NAIG
LINEAR AMP NAIG E-511A
0
200
400
600
800
1000
PULSE HEIGHT (CHANNEL NUMBER)
Figure 10: Gate Pulse Response
TPMHB0338EA
Figure 11: Block Diagram of Gate Pulse Response Measuring Apparatus
ND FILTER HALOGEN LAMP R5916U-50 HIGH VOLTAGE POWER SUPPLY HAMAMATSU C4840 OUTPUT PULSE GENERATOR TRIGGER OUT TRIGGER IN COMPUTER DIGITAL SAMPLING OSCILLOSCOPE 50 LOAD
ANODE OUTPUT
3 V/div
2 mV/div
INPUT GATE PULSE
TPMHC0103EA
5 ns/div
Supply Voltage : -3000 V Wavelength : 410 nm Ambient Temperature : 25 C Gate Pulse Height : 10 V Gate Pulse Width : 25 ns Repetition Rate : 1 kHz
Figure 12: Dimensional Outline (Umit: mm)
EFFECTIVE PHOTOCATHODE DIAMETER 10 MIN. 71.5 0.3 WINDOW FACE PLATE 53.8 0.3 3.0 0.2 SHV-R CONNECTOR -HV INPUT
55.0 0.3
10 MIN.
7
SMA-R CONNECTOR GATE PULSE INPUT 4.6 0.1 7.9 PHOTOCATHODE
TPMHA0348ED
Figure 13: Voltage Divider and Gate Circuit
GATE CATHODE MCP ANODE ANODE OUTPUT SMA-R 100 k 330 pF 330 pF 330 pF 50 GND 10 k GND 33 k 12 M 1000 pF 24 M 1000 pF 450 pF 6 M 330 pF
-HV SHV-R
GATE SIGNAL INPUT SMA-R
TPMHC0090EC
Some of the values indicated in this circuit may be different from actual values to meet the specifications.
FUNDAMENTAL OPERATING PROCEDURE
1) A general set-up for R5916U-50 is shown at right. This is to perform a photon counting with gating function and to detect weak light generated from the samples by the laser excitation. 2) The pulse generator used in this set-up produce an output having +10 V in height and adjustable width which you require. It also produces a trigger signal synchronyzing an output pulse to the laser output. The R5916U-50 is in gate off mode in the beginning to prevent unwanted signals caused by the laser light or some scattered light which may strike the photocathode directly. 3) The pulse generator required for gating function is very simple. The required specifications for the pulse generator is as follows: a. Output voltage is +10 V to +15 V. b. Pulse width is just what you require (between 5 ns and 10 ms).
HIGH VOLTAGE POWER SUPPLY C4840
EMISSIONS LASER SAMPLE R5916U-50
TRIGGER OUTPUT
PULSE GENERATOR OUTPUT FOR GATING
COUNTER
DISCRIMINATOR
AMP C5594
TPMHC0096EA
17.5
SMA-R CONNECTOR ANODE OUTPUT
19
GATED MICROCHANNEL PLATE PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBE (MCP-PMTs) R5916U-50 SERIES
EXAMPLE OF APPLICATIONS
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
This is an example of laser radar (LIDAR) application where our gateable MCP-PMT has been used. The sketch at right shows a LIDAR system which includes a picosecond laser, electronics (gate driver), optics, computer and sensor (gateable MCP-PMT). This system is to investigate the distribution of planktons in the ocean for pollution monitoring. The laser light irradiates sea water and generates some scattered light due to contaminated water and fluorescence due to chlorophyll in planktons. By detecting these emissions, a distribution of quantative and qualitative informations on these objects can be obtained. However, there are enormous back ground emissions due to reflections of the laser light off of the water's surface as well as from particles in an air or some unknown materials in the ocean. Sun light is also a source of back ground if the experiment has to be performed in day time. In this application, fast gating function is very effective to minimize the back ground noise. The tube is gated on only during the time when essence emissions arrive at the detector. The switching ratio characteristics are also very important to help minimize the noise. The R5916U-50 series tubes are superior on both characteristics.
Laser Radar (LIDAR) system a)
CONTROLLER LASER GATE DRIVER DETECTOR DETECTOR COMPUTER
OPTICS
REFLECTION LIGHT SCATTERED LIGHT GENERATED BY CONTAMINATED SEA WATER FLUORESCENCE GENERATED FROM CHLOROPHYLL OF PLANKTONS
TACCC0045EA
SEA WATER
Laser Satellite Ranging system b)
SATELLITE LASER RANGING (SLR)
This is also an example of a LIDAR application where the gateable MCP-PMT has been used to measure the distance between the observatory and a satellite. The operating principle is that a satellite is irradiated by the fast laser pulse and then a reflected light is directed to the detector through the optics placed on the ground. The time interval of the signals from the source to the detector in the system is the time of flight (TOF) from the observatory to the satellite and can be converted into a distance between them. This entire system consists of fast laser, optics, electronics, gate driver and detectors. The data taken by experiments with this system are also utilized for geodesy or plate motion analysis on a world-wide level. Because of the improved timing characteristics with R5916U-50 series, more precise measurements can be expected.
References a) Japan Marine Science and Technology Center: R&D of Laser Ranging Technology (Published in Japan) b) HITACHI: Laser Satellite Ranging System
SATELLITE
LASER DETECTOR GATE DRIVER DETECTOR OPTICS COMPUTER
CONTROLLER
TACCC0046EA
PRECAUTIONS FOR PROPER OPERATION
1. The photomultiplier tube (PMT) in this data sheet is a glass product under high vacuum. Excessive pressure or shocks to the tube from the surroundings could cause a permanent damage. Please pay special attention on insuring proper handling. 2. Do not expose the photocathode to direct sunlight and any light stronger than the room light even during of no operation. 3. Do not supply any voltage higher than specified. Also make sure the output current does not exceed the maximum current specified. 4. This device is very sensitive even with weak light input. When applying high voltage to the tube, gradually (ideally 100 V step) and carefully increase the voltage while monitoring the output using a current meter or oscilloscope (if the PMT has multianodes, please make all the anode summed when monitoring). Also make sure before use that the polarity of the applied voltage is correct. 5. Never touch the input window with your bare hands. In case the window contaminated by dust or grease, wipe it off using alcohol and a soft cloth or dust free tissue. 6. Do not remove any input or output cables when high voltage is applied. 7. Do not place any objects of ground potential closer than 5 mm to the photocathode window when negative high voltage is applied to the photocathode. It could generate extra noise and damage the photocathode permanently. 8. Do not operate or store in a place of unspecified temperature and humidity. 9. If the tube won't be used with a cooler, it is recommended to leave the tube in darkness (your instrument without any input light) for 30 minutes or so before start any measurements because it occasionally takes a little while until its dark noise settles down.
WARRANTY
The detectors indicated in this data sheet are warranted to the original purchaser for a period of 12 months following the date of shipment. The warranty is limited to repair or replacement of any defective material due to defects in workmanship or materials used in manufacture. 1. Any claim for damage of shipment must be made directly to the delivering carrier within five days. 2. Customer must inspect and test all detectors within 30 days after shipment. Failure to accomplish said incoming inspection shall limit all claims to 75 % of invoice value. 3. NO credit will be issued for broken detector unless in the opinion of Hamamatsu the damage is due to a manufacturing defect. 4. NO credit will be issued for any detector which in the judgement of Hamamatsu has been damaged, abused, modified or whose serial number or type number have been obliterated or defaced. 5. NO detector will be accepted for return unless permission has been obtained from Hamamatsu in writing, the shipment has been returned repaired and insured, the detector is packed in their original box and accompanied by the original data sheet furnished to the customer with the tube, and a full written explanation of the reason for rejection of detector.
GATED MICROCHANNEL PLATE PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBE (MCP-PMTs) R5916U-50 SERIES
ACCESSORIES
HIGH SPEED AMPLIFIER C5594 Series BENCH-TOP HIGH VOLTAGE POWER SUPPLY C4840 Series
Suffix numbers and input / output connectors
Input Connectors SMA Plug (male) SMA Receptacle (female) BNC Plug (male) BNC Receptacle (female) Output Connectors SMA Jack BNC Jack C5594-12 C5594-14 C5594-22 C5594-24 C5594-32 C5594-34 C5594-42 C5594-44
Specifications
Parameter Output Voltage Maximum Output Current Line Regulation Against Max. 10 % Line Voltage Change AB Load Regulation Against Max. 0 % to 100 % Load Change A AB Max. Ripple / Noise (p-p) Drift (after 1 h Warm-up) AB Max. Temperature Coefficient AB Max. C4840-01 AC Input Voltage C4840-02 Power Consumption AB Operating Ambient Temperature / Humidity C Storage Temperature / Humidity C
NOTE: AAt maximum output voltage BAt maximum output current CNo condensation
Description / Value 0 V to 3000 V 10 mA (0.005 % + 10 mV) (0.01 % + 50 mV) 0.0007 % (0.02 % + 10 mV)/8 h 0.01 % / C 120 V (10 %) (50 / 60 Hz) 230 V (10 %) (50 / 60 Hz) Approx. 100 V*A 0 C to +40 C / below 80 % -20 C to +50 C / below 85 %
Specifications
Parameters Frequency Response Range Gain Typ. Input / Output Impedance Noise Figure (NF) Typ. Recommend Input Voltage Supply Current Typ. Absolute Supply Voltage Maximum Ratings Input Power Description / Value 50 kHz to 1.5 GHz 36 dB 50 5 dB +12 V to 16 V 95 mA +17 V +10 mW
WEB SITE www.hamamatsu.com HAMAMATSU PHOTONICS K.K., Electron Tube Division 314-5, Shimokanzo, Iwata City, Shizuoka Pref., 438-0193, Japan, Telephone: (81)539/62-5248, Fax: (81)539/62-2205
U.S.A.: Hamamatsu Corporation: 360 Foothill Road, P. O. Box 6910, Bridgewater. N.J. 08807-0910, U.S.A., Telephone: (1)908-231-0960, Fax: (1)908-231-1218 E-mail: usa@hamamatsu.com Germany: Hamamatsu Photonics Deutschland GmbH: Arzbergerstr. 10, D-82211 Herrsching am Ammersee, Germany, Telephone: (49)8152-375-0, Fax: (49)8152-2658 E-mail: info@hamamatsu.de France: Hamamatsu Photonics France S.A.R.L.: 19, Rue du Saule Trapu, Parc du Moulin de Massy, 91882 Massy Cedex, France, Telephone: (33)1 69 53 71 00, Fax: (33)1 69 53 71 10 E-mail: infos@hamamatsu.fr United Kingdom: Hamamatsu Photonics UK Limited: 2 Howard Court, 10 Tewin Road Welwyn Garden City Hertfordshire AL7 1BW, United Kingdom, Telephone: 44-(0)1707-294888, Fax: 44(0)1707-325777 E-mail: info@hamamatsu.co.uk North Europe: Hamamatsu Photonics Norden AB: Smidesvagen 12, SE-171-41 SOLNA, Sweden, Telephone: (46)8-509-031-00, Fax: (46)8-509-031-01 E-mail: info@hamamatsu.se TPMH1102E06 Italy: Hamamatsu Photonics Italia: S.R.L.: Strada della Moia, 1/E, 20020 Arese, (Milano), Italy, Telephone: (39)02-935 81 733, Fax: (39)02-935 81 741 E-mail: info@hamamatsu.it
AUG. 2007 IP

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