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FAN102 -- Primary-Side-Control PWM Controller
August 2008
FAN102 Primary-Side-Control PWM Controller
Features
Constant-Voltage (CV) and Constant-Current (CC) Control without Secondary-Feedback Circuitry Green Mode: PWM Frequency Linearly Decreasing Fixed PWM Frequency at 42kHz with Frequency Hopping to Solve EMI Problem Cable Compensation in CV Mode Low Startup Current: 10A Low Operating Current: 3.5mA Peak-Current-Mode Control in CV Mode Cycle-by-Cycle Current Limiting VDD Over-Voltage Protection with Auto-Restart VDD Under-Voltage Lockout (UVLO) Gate Output Maximum Voltage Clamped at 18V Fixed Over-temperature Protection with Latch SOP-8 Package Available
Description
This highly integrated PWM controller, FAN102, provides several features to enhance the performance of low-power flyback converters. The proprietary topology enables simplified circuit design for battery charger applications. A low-cost, smaller and lighter charger results when compared to a conventional design or a linear transformer. The startup current is only 10A, which allows use of large startup resistance for further power saving. To minimize the standby power consumption, the proprietary green-mode function provides off-time modulation to linearly decrease PWM frequency under light-load conditions. This green-mode function assists the power supply in meeting the power conservation requirements. Using FAN102, a charger can be implemented with fewer external components and minimized cost. A typical output CV/CC characteristic envelope is shown in Figure 1. FAN102 controller is available in 8-pin SOP package.
Applications
Battery chargers for cellular phones, cordless phones, PDA, digital cameras, power tools Replaces linear transformer and RCC SMPS
Figure 1.
Typical Output V-I Characteristic
Ordering Information
Part Number
FAN102MY
Operating Temperature Range
-40C to +105C
Eco Status
Green
Package
8-Lead, Small Outline Package (SOP-8)
Packing Method
Tape & Reel
For Fairchild's definition of "green" Eco Status, please visit: http://www.fairchildsemi.com/company/green/rohs_green.html.
(c) 2008 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation FAN102 Rev. 1.0.1 www.fairchildsemi.com
FAN102 -- Primary-Side-Control PWM Controller
Application Diagram
Figure 2.
Typical Application
Internal Block Diagram
VDD
Brownout Protection
Vsah Vsah IPK
Figure 3.
(c) 2008 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation FAN102 Rev. 1.0.1
Functional Block Diagram
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FAN102 -- Primary-Side-Control PWM Controller
Marking Information
F- Fairchild logo Z- Plant code X- 1 digit year code Y- 1 digit week code TT: 2 digits die run code T: Package type (M=SOP) P: Z: Pb free, Y: Green package M: Manufacture flow code
DXYTT ZXYTT FAN102 TPM
Figure 4.
Top Mark
Pin Configuration CS COMR COMI COMV GATE VDD GND VS
Figure 5.
Pin Configuration
Pin Definitions
Pin #
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Name
CS COMR COMI COMV VS GND VDD GATE
Description
Analog input, current sense. Connected to a current-sense resistor for peak-current-mode control in CV mode. The current-sense signal is also provided for output-current regulation in CC mode. Analog output, cable compensation. Connect a resistor between COMR and GND for cable loss compensation in CV mode. Analog output, current compensation. Output of the current error amplifier. Connect a capacitor between COMI pin and GND for frequency compensation. Analog output, voltage compensation. Output of the voltage error amplifier. Connect a capacitor between the COMV pin and GND for frequency compensation. Analog input, voltage sense. Output-voltage-sense input for output-voltage regulation. Voltage reference, ground. Supply, power supply. Driver output. The totem-pole output driver to drive the power MOSFET.
(c) 2008 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation FAN102 Rev. 1.0.1
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FAN102 -- Primary-Side-Control PWM Controller
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Stresses exceeding the absolute maximum ratings may damage the device. The device may not function or be operable above the recommended operating conditions and stressing the parts to these levels is not recommended. In addition, extended exposure to stresses above the recommended operating conditions may affect device reliability. The absolute maximum ratings are stress ratings only.
Symbol
VDD VVS VCS VCOMV VCOMI PD JA JC TJ TSTG TL ESD DC Supply Voltage VS Pin Input Voltage CS Pin Input Voltage
Parameter
(1,2)
Min.
-0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3
Max.
30 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 660 150 39 +150
Unit
V V V V V mW C /W C /W C C C KV V
Voltage Error Amplifier Output Voltage Voltage Error Amplifier Output Voltage Power Dissipation (TA50C) Thermal Resistance (Junction-to-Air) Thermal Resistance (Junction-to-Case) Operating Junction Temperature Storage Temperature Range Lead Temperature (Wave Soldering or IR, 10 Seconds) Electrostatic Discharge Capability, Human Body Model (JEDEC- JESD22_A114) Electrostatic Discharge Capability, Charged Device Model (JEDEC- JESD22_C101)
-55
+150 +260 4.5 1250
Notes: 1. Stresses beyond those listed under "absolute maximum ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. 2. All voltage values, except differential voltages, are given with respect to GND pin.
Recommended Operating Conditions
The Recommended Operating Conditions table defines the conditions for actual device operation. Recommended operating conditions are specified to ensure optimal performance to the datasheet specifications. Fairchild does not recommend exceeding them or designing to Absolute Maximum Ratings.
Symbol
TA
Parameter
Operating Ambient Temperature
Conditions
Min.
-40
Typ.
Max.
+105
Unit
C
(c) 2008 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation FAN102 Rev. 1.0.1
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FAN102 -- Primary-Side-Control PWM Controller
Electrical Characteristics
VDD=15V and TA=25C unless otherwise specified.
Symbol VDD Section
VOP VDD-ON VDD-OFF IDD-OP
Parameter
Continuously Operating Voltage Turn-On Threshold Voltage Turn-Off Threshold Voltage Operating Current
Conditions
Min.
Typ.
Max.
25
Units
V V V mA
15 4.5 VDD=20V, fS=fOSC, VVS=2V, VCS=3V, CL=1nF VDD=20V, VVS=2.7V fS=fOSC-N-MIN, VCS=0V CL=1nF, VCOMV=0V VCS=3V, VVS=2.3V fs=fOSC, VVS=2.3V 27 100
16 5.0 3.5
17 5.5 5.0
IDD-GREEN
Green-Mode Operating Supply Current VDD Over-Voltage Protection Level VDD Over-Voltage Protection Debounce Time Center Frequency
1
2
mA
VDD-OVP tD-VDDOVP
28 250
29 400
V s
Oscillator Section
TA=25C TA=25C TA=25C VVS=2.7V, VCOMV=0V VVS=2.3V, VCS=0.5V VDD=10V to 25V TA=-40C to +85C 39 1.8 42 2.6 3 550 20 5 15 45 3.6 KHz ms Hz KHz % % fOSC tFHR fOSC-N-MIN fOSC-CM-MIN fDV fDT Frequency Frequency Hopping Range
Frequency Hopping Period Minimum Frequency at No Load Minimum Frequency at CCM Frequency Variation vs. VDD Deviation Frequency Variation vs. Temperature Deviation Sink Current for Brownout Protection IC Compensation Bias Current Adaptive Bias Voltage Dominated by VCOMV Propagation Delay to GATE Output Minimum On Time at No Load Minimum On Time in CC Mode Duty Cycle of SAW Limiter Threshold Voltage for Current Limit
Voltage-Sense Section
IVS-UVP Itc VBIAS-COMV RVS=20K 125 9.5 VCOMV=0V, TA=25C, RVS=20K 1.4 A A V
Current-Sense Section
tPD tMIN-N tMINCC DSAW VTH 100 VVS=-0.8V, RS=2K, VCOMV=1V VVS=0V, VCOMV=2V 1100 400 40 1.3 200 ns ns ns % V
Continued on the following page...
(c) 2008 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation FAN102 Rev. 1.0.1
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FAN102 -- Primary-Side-Control PWM Controller
Electrical Characteristics
VDD=15V and TA=25C unless otherwise specified.
Symbol
VVR VN VG IV-SINK IV-SOURCE VV-HGH VIR II-SINK II-SOURCE VI-HGH
Parameter
Reference Voltage
Conditions
Min.
2.475
Typ.
2.500 2.8 0.8 90 90
Max.
2.525
Units
V V V A A V
Voltage-Error-Amplifier Section
Green Mode Starting Voltage on fS=fOSC-2KHz, VVS=2.3V COMV Pin Green Mode Ending Voltage on COMV Pin Output Sink Current Output Source Current Output High Voltage Reference Voltage Output Sink Current Output Source Current Output High Voltage VCS=3V, VCOMI=2.5V VCS=0V, VCOMI=2.5V VCS=0V 4.5 fS=1KHz VVS=3V, VCOMV=2.5V VVS=2V, VCOMV=2.5V VVS=2.3V 4.5 2.475 2.500 55 55 2.525
Current-Error-Amplifier Section
V A A V
Cable Compensation Section
VCOMR Variation Test Voltage on COMR RCOMR=100K Pin for Cable Compensation Maximum Duty Cycle Output Voltage Low Output Voltage High Output Voltage High Rising Time Falling Time Output Clamp Voltage Threshold Temperature for (3) OTP VDD=20V, IO=10mA VDD=8V, IO=1mA VDD=5.5V, IO=1mA VDD=20V, CL=1nF VDD=20V, CL=1nF VDD=25V 5 4 200 80 15 300 150 18 0.735 V
Gate Section
DCYMAX VOL VOH VOH_MIN tr tf VCLAMP 75 1.5 % V V V ns ns V
Over-Temperature-Protection Section
TOTP +140 C
Note: 3. When over-temperature protection is activated, the power system enters latch mode and output is disabled.
(c) 2008 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation FAN102 Rev. 1.0.1
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FAN102 -- Primary-Side-Control PWM Controller
Typical Performance Characteristics
17 16.6
5.5
5.3
VDD-OFF (V)
-40 -30 -15 0 25 50 75 85 100 125
VDD-ON (V)
16.2 15.8 15.4 15 14.6
5.1
4.9
4.7
4.5 -40 -30 -15 0 25 50 75 85 100 125
Temperature (C)
Temperature (C)
Figure 6.
Turn-on Threshold Voltage (VDD-ON) vs. Temperature
Figure 7.
Turn-off Threshold Voltage (VDD-OFF) vs. Temperature
4
47 45 43 41 39 37 35 -40 -30 -15 0 25 50 75 85 100 125
3.6
IDD-OP (mA)
3.2
2.8
2.4
2 -40 -30 -15 0 25 50 75 85 100 125
Temperature (C)
fOSC (KHz)
Temperature (C)
Figure 8.
Operating Current (IDD-OP) vs. Temperature
Figure 9.
Center Frequency (fOSC) vs. Temperature
2.525
2.525
2.515
2.515
VVR (V)
2.495
VIR (V)
-40 -30 -15 0 25 50 75 85 100 125
2.505
2.505
2.495
2.485
2.485
2.475
2.475 -40 -30 -15 0 25 50 75 85 100 125
Temperature (C)
Temperature (C)
Figure 10. Reference Voltage (VVR) vs. Temperature
Figure 11. Reference Voltage (VIR) vs. Temperature
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FAN102 -- Primary-Side-Control PWM Controller
Typical Performance Characteristics
600
23 22
580
fOSC-CM-MIN (KHz)
-40 -30 -15 0 25 50 75 85 100 125
fOSC-N-MIN (Hz)
21 20 19 18 17 -40 -30 -15 0 25 50 75 85 100 125
560
540
520
500
Temperature (C)
Temperature (C)
Figure 12. Minimum Frequency at No Load (fOSC-N-MIN) vs. Temperature
Figure 13. Minimum Frequency at CCM (fOSC-CM-MIN) vs. Temperature
30 25
1250
1170
SG (KHz/V)
tMIN-N (ns)
-40 -30 -15 0 25 50 75 85 100 125
20 15 10 5 0
1090
1010
930
850 -40 -30 -15 0 25 50 75 85 100 125
Temperature (C)
Temperature (C)
Figure 14. Green Mode Frequency Decreasing Rate (SG) vs. Temperature
Figure 15. Minimum On Time at No Load (tMIN-N) vs. Temperature
3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 -40 -30 -15 0 25 50 75 85 100 125
1
0.8
VG (V)
VN (V)
0.6
0.4
0.2
0 -40 -30 -15 0 25 50 75 85 100 125
Temperature (C)
Temperature (C)
Figure 16. Green Mode Starting Voltage on COMV Pin (VN) vs. Temperature
Figure 17. Green Mode Ending Voltage on COMV Pin (VG) vs. Temperature
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FAN102 -- Primary-Side-Control PWM Controller
Typical Performance Characteristics
95
95
92
91
IV-SOURCE (A)
-40 -30 -15 0 25 50 75 85 100 125
IV-SINK (A)
89
87
86
83
83
79
80
75 -40 -30 -15 0 25 50 75 85 100 125
Temperature (C)
Temperature (C)
Figure 18. Output Sink Current (IV-SINK) vs. Temperature
Figure 19. Output Source Current (IV-SOURCE) vs. Temperature
60
60
58
58
II-SOURCE (A)
-40 -30 -15 0 25 50 75 85 100 125
II-SINK (A)
56
56
54
54
52
52
50
50 -40 -30 -15 0 25 50 75 85 100 125
Temperature (C)
Temperature (C)
Figure 20. Output Sink Current (II-SINK) vs. Temperature
Figure 21. Output Source Current (II-SOURCE) vs. Temperature
2
80
1.6
76
DCYMAX (%)
-40 -30 -15 0 25 50 75 85 100 125
VCOMR (V)
1.2
72
0.8
68
0.4
64
0
60 -40 -30 -15 0 25 50 75 85 100 125
Temperature (C)
Temperature (C)
Figure 22. Variation Test Voltage on COMR Pin for Cable Compensation (VCOMR) vs. Temperature
Figure 23. Maximum Duty Cycle (DCYMAX) vs. Temperature
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FAN102 -- Primary-Side-Control PWM Controller
Functional Description
The proprietary topology of FAN102 enables most simplified circuit design for battery charger applications. Without secondary feedback circuitry, the CV and CC control are achieved accurately. As shown in Figure 24, with the frequency-hopping PWM operation, EMI problems can be solved by using minimized filter components. FAN102 also provides many protection functions. The VDD pin is equipped with over-voltage protection and under-voltage lockout. Pulse-by-pulse current limiting and CC control ensure over-current protection at heavy loads. The GATE output is clamped at 15V to protect the external MOSFET from overvoltage damage. Also, the internal over-temperatureprotection function shuts down the controller with latch when overheated.
Figure 25. Green Mode Frequency vs. VCOMV
Constant Voltage (CV) and Constant Current (CC) Operation
An innovative technique allows the FAN102 to accurately achieve CV / CC characteristic output without secondary-side voltage or current-feedback circuitry. A feedback signal for CV / CC operation from the reflected voltage across the primary auxiliary winding is proportional to secondary winding, so provides the controller the feedback signal from secondary side and achieves constant voltage output property. In constantcurrent-output operation, this voltage signal is detected and examined by the precise constant current regulation controller, which then determines the on-time of the MOSFET to control input power and provide constant current output property. With feedback voltage VCS across the current-sense resistor, the controller can obtain input power of power supply. Therefore, the region of constant current output operation can be adjusted by the current-sense resistor.
Figure 24. Frequency Hopping
Startup Current
The startup current is 10A. Low startup current allows a startup resistor with a high resistance and a lowwattage to supply the startup power for the controller. A 1.5M, 0.25W, startup resistor and a 10F/25V VDD hold-up capacitor are sufficient for an AC-to-DC power adapter with a wide input range (100VAC to 240VAC)
Temperature Compensation
Built-in temperature compensation provides better constant voltage regulation at different ambient temperatures. This internal compensation current is a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) current that can compensate the forward-voltage drop of the secondary diode of varying with temperature. This variation causes output voltage rising at high temperature.
Operating Current
The operating current has been reduced to 3.5mA. The low operating current results in higher efficiency and reduces the VDD hold-up capacitance requirement. Once FAN102 enters "deep" green mode, the operating current is reduced to 1.2mA, which assists the power supply in meeting the power conservation requirements.
Leading-Edge Blanking (LEB) Green-Mode Operation
Figure 25 shows the characteristics of the PWM frequency vs. the output voltage of the error amplifier (VCOMV). The FAN102 uses the positive, proportional, output load parameter (VCOMV) as an indication of the output load for modulating the PWM frequency. In heavy load conditions, the PWM frequency is fixed at 42KHz. Once VCOMV is lower than VN, the PWM frequency starts to linearly decrease from 42KHz to 550Hz, providing further power savings and meeting international power conservation requirements. Each time the power MOSFET switches on, a turn-on spike occurs at the sense resistor. To avoid premature termination of the switching pulse, a leading-edge blanking time is built in. Conventional RC filtering can be omitted. During this blanking period, the currentlimit comparator is disabled and cannot switch off the gate driver.
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FAN102 -- Primary-Side-Control PWM Controller
Functional Description (Continued)
Under-Voltage Lockout (UVLO)
The turn-on and turn-off thresholds are fixed internally at 16V and 5V. During startup, the hold-up capacitor must be charged to 16V through the startup resistor to enable the FAN102. The hold-up capacitor continues to supply VDD until power can be delivered from the auxiliary winding of the main transformer. VDD must not drop below 5V during this startup process. This UVLO hysteresis window ensures that hold-up capacitor is adequate to supply VDD during startup.
Gate Output
The BiCMOS output stage is a fast totem-pole gate driver. Cross conduction has been avoided to minimize heat dissipation, increase efficiency, and enhance reliability. The output driver is clamped by an internal 15V Zener diode to protect power MOSFET transistors against undesired over-voltage gate signals.
Built-in Slope Compensation
The sensed voltage across the current-sense resistor is used for current-mode control and pulse-by-pulse current limiting. Built-in slope compensation improves stability and prevents sub-harmonic oscillations due to peak-current mode control. The FAN102 has a synchronized, positively-sloped ramp built-in at each switching cycle.
VDD Over-Voltage Protection (OVP)
VDD over-voltage protection prevents damage due to over-voltage conditions. When the VDD voltage exceeds 28V due to abnormal conditions, PWM pulses are disabled until the VDD voltage drops below the UVLO, then start again. Over-voltage conditions are usually caused by open feedback loops.
Noise Immunity
Noise from the current sense or the control signal can cause significant pulse-width jitter, particularly in continuous-conduction mode. While slope compensation helps alleviate these problems, further precautions should still be taken. Good placement and layout practices should be followed. Avoiding long PCB traces and component leads, locating compensation and filter components near the FAN102, and increasing the power MOS gate resistance are advised.
Over-Temperature Protection (OTP)
The built-in temperature-sensing circuit shuts down PWM output once the junction temperature exceeds 140C. While PWM output is shut down, the VDD voltage gradually drops to the UVLO voltage. Some of the FAN102's internal circuits are shut down and VDD gradually starts increasing again. When VDD reaches 16V, all the internal circuits, including the temperaturesensing circuit, start operating normally. If the junction temperature is still higher than 140C, the PWM controller shuts down immediately. This situation continues until the temperature drops below 110C.
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FAN102 -- Primary-Side-Control PWM Controller
Applications Information
L 1 P1 R1 L 18R D1 1N4007 2 D3 1N4007 R6 CR47R 2 1 2 R2 750K 2 + C5 1uF /400V 1 +C6 10uF/400V R3 750K R4 100K 1 IN4007 C1 472PF/1KV D5 2 T1 7 2 D6 SB560 2 R5 270 3 4 1 1 C2 102P 1 1 P2 L1 5uH 2 + C3 560uF/10V + C4 330uF/6.3V P4 5 TR ANS33 6 R7 510 2
VO
2
D2 1N4007 P3 N 1 2
1 D4 1N4007
1 1 L3 1mH
N N3
2
2
SGND
D7 1 FR103 2 C7 + 10uF/50V 1 R9 137K 2
U1 7 4 3 6 C8 0.1uF R10 47K C9 10nF R11 200K C10 68nF VDD COMV COMI SGND FAN102 R12 82K C11 1uF VS GATE CS COMR 5 8 1 2
C12 22P
R16 30K Q1
1 R13 47R R14 100R 3 R15 1R4 1N60
Figure 26. 5W (5V/1A) Application Circuit
BOM
Designator
D1, D2, D3, D4, D5 D6 D7 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 R1 R2, R3 1N4007 SB560 FR103 CC 4.7nF/1KV 1nF EC 560F/10V EC 330F/6.3V EC 1F/400V EC 10F/400V EC 10F/50V 0.1F 10nF 68nF 1F 22pF R 18 R 750K
Part Type
R4 R5 R6 R7 R9 R10 R11 R12 R13 R14 R15 R16 L1 L3 Q1 T1 U1
Designator
R 100K R 270 R 47 R 510 R 137K R 47K R 200K R 82K R 47 R 100 R 1.4 R 30K 5H 1mH
2
Part Type
MOSFET 1A/600V EE16 (1.5mH) IC FAN102
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FAN102 -- Primary-Side-Control PWM Controller
Physical Dimensions
5.00 4.80 3.81
8 5
A
0.65
B
6.20 5.80
4.00 3.80
1 4
1.75
5.60
PIN ONE INDICATOR
(0.33)
1.27
0.25
M
CBA
1.27
LAND PATTERN RECOMMENDATION
0.25 0.10 1.75 MAX
C 0.10 0.51 0.33 0.50 x 45 0.25 C
SEE DETAIL A
0.25 0.19
OPTION A - BEVEL EDGE
R0.10 R0.10
GAGE PLANE
0.36
OPTION B - NO BEVEL EDGE
NOTES: UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED A) THIS PACKAGE CONFORMS TO JEDEC MS-012, VARIATION AA, ISSUE C, B) ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS. C) DIMENSIONS DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH OR BURRS. D) LANDPATTERN STANDARD: SOIC127P600X175-8M. E) DRAWING FILENAME: M08AREV13
8 0 0.90 0.406
SEATING PLANE
(1.04)
DETAIL A
SCALE: 2:1
Figure 27. 8-Lead, Small Outline Package (SOP-8)
Package drawings are provided as a service to customers considering Fairchild components. Drawings may change in any manner without notice. Please note the revision and/or date on the drawing and contact a Fairchild Semiconductor representative to verify or obtain the most recent revision. Package specifications do not expand the terms of Fairchild's worldwide terms and conditions, specifically the warranty therein, which covers Fairchild products. Always visit Fairchild Semiconductor's online packaging area for the most recent package drawings: http://www.fairchildsemi.com/packaging/.
(c) 2008 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation FAN102 Rev. 1.0.1
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FAN102 -- Primary-Side-Control PWM Controller
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