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KAI-2093m performance specification eastman kodak company ? image sensor solutions for the most current information regarding this product: phone (585) 722-4385 fax (585) 477-4947 web: www.kodak.com/go/imagers e-mail: imagers@kodak.com kai - 2093m 1920 (h) x 1080 (v) pixel megapixel interline ccd image sensor performance specification eastman kodak company image sensor solutions rochester, new york 14650-2010 revision 2 february 11, 2002
KAI-2093m performance specification eastman kodak company ? image sensor solutions for the most current information regarding this product: phone (585) 722-4385 fax (585) 477-4947 web: www.kodak.com/go/imagers e-mail: imagers@kodak.com 2 revision no. 2 table of contents 1.1 image sensor features----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------- 3 1.2 description --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------- 3 1.3 image sensor layout ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------- 4 2.1 package drawing----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------- 5 2.2 pin description ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------- 6 3.1 absolute maximum ratings -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------- 7 3.2 dc operating conditions --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------- 7 3.3 ac clock level conditions ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------- 8 3.4 clock capacitance --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------- 8 3.5 ac timing conditions ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------- 8 4.1 performance specifications------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------- 16 performance test conditions ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------ 16 optical specifications --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- 16 ccd specifications------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------- 16 output amplifier specifications------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------- 17 general specifications --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------- 17 4.2 typical quantum efficiency ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------ 18 4.3 operation notes ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------- 20 progressive and interlaced timing---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------ 20 single output mode ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------- 20 dual output mode --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------- 20 exposure control --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------- 21 dark references---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- 21 connections to the image sensor------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------ 21 4.4 defect specifications ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------- 22 defect test conditions--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------- 22 defect definitions------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------- 22 5.1 quality assurance and reliability ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------- 23 5.2 ordering information ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------- 23 6.1 revision changes ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------- 24 figures figure 1 - sensor architecture------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------- 4 figure 2 - package drawing ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------- 5 figure 3 - package pin designations - top view --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- 6 figure 4 - progressive frame timing -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------- 9 figure 5 - ideal vertical clock edge position ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------- 10 figure 6 - interlaced frame timing - field integration mode -------------------------------------------------------------------- ------ 11 figure 7 - interlaced frame timing - frame integration mode-------------------------------------------------------------------- ----- 12 figure 8 - line timing--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------- 13 figure 9 - electronic shutter timing diagram ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------- 14 figure 10 - progressive frame rate vs. hccd clock frequency-------------------------------------------------------------------- -- 15 figure 11 - quantum efficiency spectrum for monochrome sensors ----------------------------------------------------------------- 18 figure 12 - angular dependence of quantum efficiency--------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----- 18 figure 13 - quantum efficiency spectrum for color filter array sensors --------------------------------------------------------- -- 19 figure 14 - color filter array pattern----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------- 19
KAI-2093m performance specification eastman kodak company ? image sensor solutions for the most current information regarding this product: phone (585) 722-4385 fax (585) 477-4947 web: www.kodak.com/go/imagers e-mail: imagers@kodak.com 3 revision no. 2 1.1 image sensor features ? = 2 million pixels, 1920 (h) by 1080 (v) ? = 7.4 m square pixels ? = progressive scan (non-interlaced) ? = hccd and output amplifier capable of 40 mhz operation ? = 5 v hccd clocking ? = single or dual video output operation ? = each output has 28 light shielded reference columns ? = 9 frames per second using single output at 20 mhz pixel rate ? = 15 frames per second using single output at 35 mhz pixel rate ? = 17 frames per second using dual outputs at 20 mhz pixel rate ? = 30 frames per second using dual outputs at 37 mhz pixel rate ? = only 2 vertical ccd clocks and 2 horizontal ccd clocks ? = 14.2 mm x 8.0 mm imaging area ? = electronic shutter ? = low dark current ? = antiblooming protection 1.2 description the KAI-2093m is a high-performance, interline charge-coupled device (ccd) designed for a wide range of medical imaging and machine vision applications. the device is built using an advanced two-phase, double-polysilicon, nmos ccd technology. the p+npn- photodiodes eliminate image lag while providing antiblooming protection and electronic shutter capability. the 7.4 m square pixels with microlenses provide high sensitivity and large dynamic range. the two output, split horizontal register enables a 9 to 30 frame per second (fps) video rate with this two megapixel progressive scan imager.
KAI-2093m performance specification eastman kodak company ? image sensor solutions for the most current information regarding this product: phone (585) 722-4385 fax (585) 477-4947 web: www.kodak.com/go/imagers e-mail: imagers@kodak.com 4 revision no. 2 1.3 image sensor layout 4 light shielded rows 2 buffer rows 4 buffer columns 1920 x 1080 imaging pixels 2 buffer rows 28 light shielded columns 4 buffer columns 4 empty pixels video l video r 4 light shielded rows 28 light shielded columns 4 empty pixels 1920 4 28 28 4 4 960 4 28 28 4 44 960 single output dual output or figure 1 - sensor architecture there are 4 light shielded rows followed by 1084 photoactive rows and finally 4 more light shielded rows. the first and last 2 photoactive rows are buffer rows giving a total of 1080 lines of image data. in the single output mode all pixels are clocked out of the video l output in the lower left corner of the sensor. the first fo ur empty pixels of each line do not receive charge from the vertical shift register. the next 28 pixels receive charge from the le ft light shielded edge followed by 1928 photoactive pixels and finally 28 more light shielded pixels from the right edge of the sensor. the first and last 4 photoactive pixels are buffer pixels giving a total of 1920 pixels of image data. in the dual output mode the clocking of the right half of the horizontal ccd is reversed. the left half of the image is clocked out video l and the right half of the image is clocked out video r. each row consists of 4 empty pixels followed by 28 light shielded pixels followed by 964 photoactive pixels. when reconstructing the image, data from video r will have to be reversed in a line buffer and appended to the video l data.
KAI-2093m performance specification eastman kodak company ? image sensor solutions for the most current information regarding this product: phone (585) 722-4385 fax (585) 477-4947 web: www.kodak.com/go/imagers e-mail: imagers@kodak.com 5 revision no. 2 2.1 package drawing figure 2 - package drawing
KAI-2093m performance specification eastman kodak company ? image sensor solutions for the most current information regarding this product: phone (585) 722-4385 fax (585) 477-4947 web: www.kodak.com/go/imagers e-mail: imagers@kodak.com 6 revision no. 2 2.2 pin description pin label pin label 1 r 17 vss 2 h2bl 18 voutr 3 h1bl 19 gnd 4 h1sl 20 v2o 5 h2sl 21 v1 6 gnd 22 vsub 7 og 23 gnd 8 rd 24 vddr 9 rd 25 vddl 10 og 26 gnd 11 gnd 27 vsub 12 h2sr 28 v1 13 h1sr 29 v2e 14 h1br 30 esd 15 h2br 31 voutl 16 r 32 vss the horizontal shift register is on the side of the sensor parallel to the row of pins 1 through 16. in single output mode the pixel closest to pin 1 will be read out first through video l, the pixel closest to pin 17 will be read out last. in dual outpu t mode the pixel closest to pin 16 will be read out first through video r. vss voutl esd v2 v1 vsub gnd vddl vddr gnd vsub v1 v2 gnd voutr vss r r h2bl h1bl h1sl h2sl og og rd rd h2sr h1sr h1br h2br gnd gnd 1 16 17 32 pixel (1,1) figure 3 - package pin designations - top view
KAI-2093m performance specification eastman kodak company ? image sensor solutions for the most current information regarding this product: phone (585) 722-4385 fax (585) 477-4947 web: www.kodak.com/go/imagers e-mail: imagers@kodak.com 7 revision no. 2 3.1 absolute maximum ratings min. max. units notes temperature operation without damage -50 70 c storage -55 70 c voltage vsub to gnd 8 20 v 1 between pins vdd, og to gnd 0 17 v vrd to gnd 0 14 v v1 to v2 -20 20 v h1 to h2 -15 15 v r to gnd -15 15 v h1, h2 to og -15 15 v h1, h2 to v1, v2 -15 15 v current video output bias current 0 10 ma 2 1. for electronic shuttering vsub may be pulsed to 50 v for up to 10 s. 2. total for both outputs. current is 5 ma for each output. note that the current bias effects the amplifier bandwidth. caution: this device contains limited protection against electrostatic discharge (esd). devices should be handled in accordance to strict esd procedures for class 0 devices (hbm). also, see the iss application note ?electrostatic discharge control? mtd/ps-0224. caution: improper cleaning of the cover glass may damage this device. refer to the iss application note ?cover glass cleaning procedure for image sensors? ds 00-009. 3.2 dc operating conditions symbol description min. nom. max. units notes og output gate -3.0 -2.5 -2.0 v vrd reset drain 10.0 10.5 11.0 v vss output amplifier return 0.0 0.7 1.0 v vdd output amplifier supply 14.5 15.0 15.5 v gnd ground, p-well 0.0 v vsub substrate 8.0 tbd 17.0 v vesd esd protection -8.0 -7.0 -6.0 v 1 1. vesd must be at least 1 v more negative than h1l and h2l during sensor operation and during camera power turn on.
KAI-2093m performance specification eastman kodak company ? image sensor solutions for the most current information regarding this product: phone (585) 722-4385 fax (585) 477-4947 web: www.kodak.com/go/imagers e-mail: imagers@kodak.com 8 revision no. 2 3.3 ac clock level conditions symbol description min. nom. max. units notes v2h vertical ccd clock high 7.5 8.0 8.5 v v1m, v2m vertical ccd clocks midlevel -1.6 -1.5 -1.4 v v1l, v2l vertical ccd clocks low -9.5 -9.0 -8.5 v h1h, h2h horizontal ccd clocks high 0.5 1.0 2.0 v h1l, h2l horizontal ccd clocks low -5.0 -4.0 -3.8 v r reset clock amplitude 5.0 v rl reset clock low -4.0 -3.5 -3.0 v vshutter electronic shutter voltage 44 48 52 v 3.4 clock capacitance clocks capacitance units notes v1 to gnd 25 nf 1 v2 to gnd 25 nf 1 v1 to v2 5 nf h1s to gnd 45 pf 2 h2s to gnd 38 pf 2 h1b to gnd 21 pf 2 h2b to gnd 20 pf 2 h2b to h1s = 10 pf 2 h1b to h1s = 10 pf 2 h2b to h2s = 10 pf 2 h1b to h2s = 10 pf 2 r to gnd 10 pf 1. gate capacitance to gnd is voltage dependent. value is for nominal vccd clock voltages. 2. for nominal hccd clock voltages, total capacitance for one half (h1sr only or h1sl only). 3.5 ac timing conditions symbol description min. nom. max. units notes t hd hccd delay 1.3 1.5 10.0 s t vccd vccd transfer time 1.3 1.5 s t v3rd photodiode transfer time 8.0 12.0 15.0 s t 3p vccd pedestal time 20.0 25.0 50.0 s t 3d vccd delay 15.0 20.0 100.0 s t r reset pulse time 5.0 10.0 ns t s shutter pulse time 3.0 5.0 10.0 s t sd shutter pulse delay 1.0 1.6 10.0 s t h hccd clock period 25.0 50.0 200.0 ns t vr vccd rise/fall time 0.0 0.1 1.0 s t ve vertical clock edge alignment 0.0 100.0 ns
KAI-2093m performance specification eastman kodak company ? image sensor solutions for the most current information regarding this product: phone (585) 722-4385 fax (585) 477-4947 web: www.kodak.com/go/imagers e-mail: imagers@kodak.com 9 revision no. 2 v2 = v2e = v2o v1 h1 h2 t l t v3rd t 3p t 3d t l line 546 line 1 frame timing for vertical binning by 2 line 545 v1 h1 h2 t l t v3rd t 3p t 3d t l line 1092 line 1 progressive frame timing line 1091 v2 = v2e = v2o figure 4 - progressive frame timing
KAI-2093m performance specification eastman kodak company ? image sensor solutions for the most current information regarding this product: phone (585) 722-4385 fax (585) 477-4947 web: www.kodak.com/go/imagers e-mail: imagers@kodak.com 10 revision no. 2 see detail b v1 v2 v1 v2 this falling edge of v2 should be the same as the rising edge of v1 or slightly after it. v1 v2 this rising edge of v2 should be the same as the falling edge of v1 or slightly before it. detail b detail a KAI-2093 vertical clock timing - edge position this rising edge of v2 should be the same as the falling edge of v1 or slightly before it. t ve t ve t ve figure 5 - ideal vertical clock edge position
KAI-2093m performance specification eastman kodak company ? image sensor solutions for the most current information regarding this product: phone (585) 722-4385 fax (585) 477-4947 web: www.kodak.com/go/imagers e-mail: imagers@kodak.com 11 revision no. 2 interlaced frame timing - field integration mode - even field readout v1 v2 = v2e = v2o t l t v3rd t 3p t 3d t l interlaced frame timing - field integration mode - odd field readout v1 v2 = v2e = v2o t l t v3rd t 3p t 3d t l figure 6 - interlaced frame timing - field integration mode
KAI-2093m performance specification eastman kodak company ? image sensor solutions for the most current information regarding this product: phone (585) 722-4385 fax (585) 477-4947 web: www.kodak.com/go/imagers e-mail: imagers@kodak.com 12 revision no. 2 interlaced frame timing - frame integration mode - even field readout v1 v2e t l v2o v1 v2e t l v2o t v3rd t 3p t 3d t l t v3rd t 3p t 3d t l interlaced frame timing - frame integration mode - odd field readout figure 7 - interlaced frame timing - frame integration mode
KAI-2093m performance specification eastman kodak company ? image sensor solutions for the most current information regarding this product: phone (585) 722-4385 fax (585) 477-4947 web: www.kodak.com/go/imagers e-mail: imagers@kodak.com 13 revision no. 2 v1 v2 t vccd t l t hd h1 h2 r 31 2 3 4 5 6 32 33 34 35 1957 1958 1959 1961 1962 1987 1988 1 36 1960 1986 progressive line timing v1 v2e, v2o 3 x t vccd t l t hd h1 h2 r 31 2 3 4 5 6 32 33 34 35 1958 1959 1961 1962 1987 1988 1 single output pixel count 1960 1986 interlaced line timing and line timing for vertical binning by two 31 2 3 4 5 6 32 33 34 35 995 996 1 994 dual output pixel count 31 2 3 4 5 6 32 33 34 35 995 996 1 36 994 single output pixel count dual output pixel count figure 8 - line timing
KAI-2093m performance specification eastman kodak company ? image sensor solutions for the most current information regarding this product: phone (585) 722-4385 fax (585) 477-4947 web: www.kodak.com/go/imagers e-mail: imagers@kodak.com 14 revision no. 2 v1 v2 t vccd t s t hd h1 h2 r electronic shutter line timing v2 integration time definition t sd vshutter vsub integration time vshutter vsub figure 9 - electronic shutter timing diagram
KAI-2093m performance specification eastman kodak company ? image sensor solutions for the most current information regarding this product: phone (585) 722-4385 fax (585) 477-4947 web: www.kodak.com/go/imagers e-mail: imagers@kodak.com 15 revision no. 2 frame rate vs. hccd clock frequency 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 hccd clock frequency (mhz) frame rate (frames/s) dual output single output figure 10 - progressive frame rate vs. hccd clock frequency
KAI-2093m performance specification eastman kodak company ? image sensor solutions for the most current information regarding this product: phone (585) 722-4385 fax (585) 477-4947 web: www.kodak.com/go/imagers e-mail: imagers@kodak.com 16 revision no. 2 4.1 performance specifications performance test conditions temperature 40c integration time 33ms (40 mhz hccd frequency, 30fps frame rate) operation nominal voltages and timing image defects are excluded from performance tests. optical specifications symbol description min. nom. max. units notes qe max peak quantum efficiency 33 36 % 1 qe peak quantum efficiency wavelength 490 nm 1 qe(540) quantum efficiency at 540nm 31 33 % 1 qe h microlens acceptance angle (horizontal) 12 13 degrees 2 qe v microlens acceptance angle (vertical) 25 30 degrees 2 nl maximum photoresponse nonlinearity 2 % 3, 4 ? g maximum gain difference between outputs 10 % 3, 4 ? nl maximum signal error caused by nonlinearity differences 1 % 3, 4 1. for monochrome sensors. 2. value is the angular range of incident light for which the quantum efficiency is at least 50% of qe max at a wavelength of qe. angles are measured with respect to the sensor surface normal in a plane parallel to the horizontal axis ( qe h ) or in a plane parallel to the vertical axis ( qe v ). 3. value is over the range of 10% to 90% of photodiode saturation. 4. value is for the sensor operated without binning. ccd specifications symbol description min. nom. max. units notes vne vertical ccd charge capacity 45 50 ke - hne horizontal ccd charge capacity 100 ke - pne photodiode charge capacity 35 40 ke - 1 id dark current 0.3 1.0 na/cm 2 lag image lag < 10 50 e - 2 xab antiblooming factor 100 300 3, 4, 5, 6 smr vertical smear -75 -72 db 3, 4 1. this value depends on the substrate voltage setting. higher photodiode saturation charge capacities will lower the antiblooming specification. substrate voltage will be specified with each part for nominal photodiode charge capacity. 2. this is the first field decay lag at 70% saturation. measured by strobe illumination of the device at 70% of photodiode saturation, and then measuring the subsequent frame?s average pixel output in the dark. 3. measured with a spot size of 100 vertical pixels. 4. measured with f/4 imaging optics and continuous green illumination centered at 550 nm. 5. a blooming condition is defined as when the spot size doubles in size. 6. antiblooming factor is the light intensity that causes blooming divided by the light intensity which first saturates the photodiodes.
KAI-2093m performance specification eastman kodak company ? image sensor solutions for the most current information regarding this product: phone (585) 722-4385 fax (585) 477-4947 web: www.kodak.com/go/imagers e-mail: imagers@kodak.com 17 revision no. 2 output amplifier specifications symbol description nominal unit notes p d power dissipation mw 1 f -3db bandwidth 140 mhz 1 c l max off-chip load 10 pf 2 a v gain 0.75 1 ? v/ ? n sensitivity 14 v/ e - 1 1. for a 5 ma output load on each amplifier. 2. with total output load capacitance of c l = 10 pf between the outputs and ac ground. general specifications symbol description nominal units notes n e-t total noise 40 e - rms 1 dr dynamic range 60 db 2 1. includes system electronics noise, dark pattern noise and dark current shot noise at 20 mhz. 2. uses 20log(pne/n e-t )
KAI-2093m performance specification eastman kodak company ? image sensor solutions for the most current information regarding this product: phone (585) 722-4385 fax (585) 477-4947 web: www.kodak.com/go/imagers e-mail: imagers@kodak.com 18 revision no. 2 4.2 typical quantum efficiency 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 wavelength (nm) absolute quantum efficiency with cover glass without cover glass without cover glass, without microlens figure 11 - quantum efficiency spectrum for monochrome sensors 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 angle (degrees) relative quantum efficiency (%) horizontal vertical figure 12 - angular dependence of quantum efficiency for the curve marked ?horizontal?, the incident light angle is varied in a plane parallel to the hccd. for the curve marked ?vertical?, the incident light angle is varied in a plane parallel to the vccd.
KAI-2093m performance specification eastman kodak company ? image sensor solutions for the most current information regarding this product: phone (585) 722-4385 fax (585) 477-4947 web: www.kodak.com/go/imagers e-mail: imagers@kodak.com 19 revision no. 2 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 wavelength (nm) absolute quantum efficiency red gr e e n blue with clear cover glass figure 13 ? quantum efficiency spectrum for color filter array sensors blue first imaging pixel horizontal register green red green vertical register figure 14 ? color filter array pattern
KAI-2093m performance specification eastman kodak company ? image sensor solutions for the most current information regarding this product: phone (585) 722-4385 fax (585) 477-4947 web: www.kodak.com/go/imagers e-mail: imagers@kodak.com 20 revision no. 2 4.3 operation notes progressive and interlaced timing progressive and interlaced output modes are achieved by the applying the proper waveforms to the vertical clock input pins v1, v2e and v2o. for progressive output, v2 = v2e = v2o, with each of the 1092 lines read out individually using the timing in figure 4. for interlaced output, there are two modes, field integration mode and frame integration mode. in both modes, 1092/2 = 546 lines are read in each frame readout, with one even frame readout and one odd frame readout necessary for a complete frame. field integration mode bins together alternate lines, and the timing is shown in figure 5. as with progressive readout, v2 = v2e = v2o. frame integration mode reads out the photodiodes of the even and odd lines separately, and the timing is shown in figure 6. in this case, v2e and v2o are clocked individually. single output mode when operating the sensor in single output mode all pixels of the image sensor will be shifted out the video l output (pin 31). to conserve power and lower heat generation the output amplifier for video r may be turned off by connecting vddr (pin 24) and voutr (pin 18) to gnd (zero volts). the h1 timing from the timing diagrams should be applied to h1sl, h1bl, h1sr, h2br, and the h2 timing should be applied to h2sl, h2bl, h2sr, h1br. in other words, the clock driver generating the h1 timing should be connected to pins 4, 3, 13, and 15. the clock driver generating the h2 timing should be connected to pins 2, 5, 12, and 14. the horizontal ccd should be clocked for 4 empty pixels plus 28 light shielded pixels plus 1928 photoactive pixels plus 28 light shielded pixels for a total of 1988 pixels. dual output mode in dual output mode the connections to the h1br and h2br pins are swapped from the single output mode to change the direction of charge transfer of the right side horizontal shift register. in dual output mode both vddl and vddr (pins 25, 24) should be connected to 15 v. the h1 timing from the timing diagrams should be applied to h1sl, h1bl, h1sr, h1br, and the h2 timing should be applied to h2sl, h2bl, h2sr, h2br. the clock driver generating the h1 timing should be connected to pins 4, 3, 13, and 14. the clock driver generating the h2 timing should be connected to pins 2, 5, 12, and 15. the horizontal ccd should be clocked for 4 empty pixels plus 28 light shielded pixels plus 964 photoactive pixels for a total of 996 pixels. if the camera is to have the option of dual or single output mode, the clock driver signals sent to h1br and h2br may be swapped by using a relay. another alternative is to have two extra clock drivers for h1br and h2br and invert the signals in the timing logic generator. if two extra clock drivers are used, care must be taken to ensure the rising and falling edges o f the h1br and h2br clocks occur at the same time (within 3 ns) as the other hccd clocks.
KAI-2093m performance specification eastman kodak company ? image sensor solutions for the most current information regarding this product: phone (585) 722-4385 fax (585) 477-4947 web: www.kodak.com/go/imagers e-mail: imagers@kodak.com 21 revision no. 2 exposure control if the sensor is operated at 20 mhz horizontal ccd frequency then the frame rate will be 9 fps and the integration time will be 1/9 s or 111 ms. to achieve shorter integration times, the electronic shutter option may be used by applying a pulse to the substrate (pins 22 and 27). the time between the falling edge of the substrate pulse and the falling edge of the transition of the v2 clock from v2h to v2m is defined as the integration time. the substrate pulse and integration time are shown in figure 8. integration times longer than one frame time (111 ms in this example) do not require use of the electronic shutter. without the electronic shutter the integration time is defined as the time between when the v2 clock is at the v2h level of 9.5 v (when the v2 clock is at the v2h level charge collected in the photodiodes is transferred to the vertical shift register). to extend the integration time, increase the time between each v2h level of the v2 clock. while the photodiodes are integrating photoelectrons the vertical and horizontal shift registers should be continuously clocked to prevent the collection of dark current in the vertical shift register. this is most easily done by increasing the number of lines read out of the image sensor . for example, to double the integration time read out 2184 lines instead of 1092 lines (but remember only the first 1092 lines will contain image data). depending on the image quality desired and temperature of the sensor, integration times longer than one second may require the sensor to be cooled to control dark current. the output amplifiers will also generate a non-uniform dark current pattern near the bottom corners of the sensor. this can be reduced at long integration times by only turning on vdd to each amplifier during image readout. if the vertical and horizontal shift registers are also stopped during integration time, the da rk current in the shift registers should be flushed out completely before transferring charge from the photodiodes to the vertical shift register. dark references there are 28 light shielded columns at the left and right side of the image sensor. the first and last two light shielded colum ns should not be used as a dark reference due to some light leakage under the edges of the light shielding. only the center 24 columns should be used for dark reference line clamping. there are 4 light shielded rows at the top and bottom of the image sensor. only the center two light shielded rows should be used as a dark reference. connections to the image sensor the reset clock signal operates at the pixel frequency. the traces on the circuit board to the reset clock pins should be kept short and of equal length to ensure that the reset pulse arrives at each pin simultaneously. the circuit board traces to the horizontal clock pins should also be placed to ensure that the clock edges arrive at each pin simultaneously. if reset pulses a nd the horizontal clock edges are misaligned the noise performance of the sensor will be degraded and balancing the offset and gain of the two output amplifiers will be difficult. the bias voltages on og, rd, vss and vdd should be well filtered with capacitors placed as close to the pins as possible. noise on the video outputs will be most strongly effected by noise on vss, vdd, gnd, and vsub. if the electronic shutter is not used then a filtering capacitor should also be placed on vsub. if the electronic shutter is used, the vsub voltage should be kept as clean and noise free as possible. the voltage on vss may be set by using the 0.6 to 0.7 volt drop across a diode. place the diode from vss to gnd. to disable one of the output amplifiers connect vdd to gnd, do not let vdd float. the esd voltage must reach its operating point before any of the horizontal clocks reach their low level. if any pin on the sensor comes within 1 v of the esd pin the electrostatic damage protection circuit will become active and will not turn off until all voltages are powered down. operating the sensor with the esd protection circuit active may damage the sensor.
KAI-2093m performance specification eastman kodak company ? image sensor solutions for the most current information regarding this product: phone (585) 722-4385 fax (585) 477-4947 web: www.kodak.com/go/imagers e-mail: imagers@kodak.com 22 revision no. 2 4.4 defect specifications defect test conditions temperature 40c integration time 33ms (40 mhz hccd frequency, no binning, 30fps frame rate) light source continuous green illumination centered at 550nm operation nominal voltages and timing defect definitions name definition maximum number major defective pixel a pixel whose signal deviates by more than 25 mv from the mean value of all active pixels under dark field condition or by more than 15% from the mean value of all active pixels under uniform illumination of 80% of saturation 10 minor defective pixel a pixel whose signal deviates by more than 8 mv from the mean value of all active pixels under dark field conditions 100 cluster defect a group of 2 to 10 contiguous major defective pixels with a width no wider than 2 defective pixels 4 column defect a group of more than 10 contiguous major defective pixels along a single column 0 note: there will be at least two non-defective pixels separating any two major defective pixels.
KAI-2093m performance specification eastman kodak company ? image sensor solutions for the most current information regarding this product: phone (585) 722-4385 fax (585) 477-4947 web: www.kodak.com/go/imagers e-mail: imagers@kodak.com 23 revision no. 2 5.1 quality assurance and reliability 5.1.1 quality strategy: all devices will conform to the specifications stated in this document. this is accomplished through a combination of statistical process control and inspection at key points of the production process. 5.1.2 replacement: all devices are warranted against failures in accordance with the terms of sale. 5.1.3 cleanliness: devices are shipped free of contamination, scratches, etc. that would cause a visible defect. 5.1.4 esd precautions: devices are shipped in static-safe containers and should only be handled at static-safe work stations. 5.1.5 reliability: information concerning the quality assurance and reliability testing procedures and results are available from the image sensor solutions division, and can be supplied upon request. 5.1.6 test data retention: devices have an identifying number traceable to a test data file. test data is kept for a period of 2 years after date of shipment. 5.2 ordering information address all inquiries and purchase orders to: image sensor solutions eastman kodak company rochester, new york 14650-2010 phone: (585) 722-4385 fax: (585) 477-4947 e-mail: imagers@kodak.com kodak reserves the right to change any information contained herein without notice. all information furnished by kodak is believed to be accurate. warning: life support applications policy kodak image sensors are not authorized for and should not be used within life support systems without the specific written consent of the eastman kodak company. product warranty is limited to replacement of defective components and does not cover injury or property or other consequential damages.
KAI-2093m performance specification eastman kodak company ? image sensor solutions for the most current information regarding this product: phone (585) 722-4385 fax (585) 477-4947 web: www.kodak.com/go/imagers e-mail: imagers@kodak.com 24 revision no. 2 6.1 revision changes revision number description of changes 0 initial formal version. 1 ? = page 8 section 3.5 ac timing conditions table: added tve: vertical clock edge alignment ? = page 10: added figure 5 vertical clock timing ? edge position ? = page 15: updated figure 9 frame rate to show dual mode out to 40mhz. previous plot cut off dual mode at 35 mhz ? = page 22: added that a cluster defect will be no wider that two defective pixels. ? = page 22: added a note that there will be at least two good pixels between any two major defects (pixels or clusters) ? = removed appendix 1 ? = added revision changes 2 section 4.2: updated the color quantum efficiency plot for the new pigment color filter arrays.

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