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product # mqhl-28e-28s phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com doc.# 005-0005790 rev. 2 04/14/11 page 1 mqhl-28e-28s single output MQHL-28E-28S-Y-ES 28vin 28vout@1.8a +vin in rtn case ena 1 sync out sync in +vout out rtn -sns +sns trim n/c the milqor ? series of high-reliability dc-dc converters brings synqors field proven high-efficiency synchronous rectifier technology to the military/aerospace industry. synqors innovative qorseal tm packaging approach ensures survivability in the most hostile environments. compatible with the industry standard format, these converters oper - ate at a fixed frequency, have no opto-isolators, and follow conservative component derating guidelines. they are designed and manufactured to comply with a wide range of military standards. h ig h r eliability dc-dc c onve r te r f ull p owe r o p e r ation : -55oc to +125oc features mqhl series converters (with mqhe filter) are designed to meet: specification compliance mqhl series converters are: design process mqhl series converters are qualified to: qualification process in-line manufacturing process d esigned & m anufactured in the usa f eaturing q or s eal ? h i -r el a ssembly ? designed for reliability per navso-p3641-a guidelines ? designed with components derated per: mil-hdbk-1547a navso p-3641a ? mil-std-810f consistent with rtca/d0-160e ? synqors first article qualifcation consistent with mil-std-883f ? synqors long-term storage survivability qualifcation ? synqors on-going life test ? as9100 and iso 9001:2000 certifed facility ? full component traceability ? temperature cycling ? constant acceleration ? 24, 96, 160 hour burn-in ? three level temperature screening ? mil-hdbk-704-8 (a through f) ? rtca/do-160 section 16 ? mil-std-1275 for v in > 16v ? def-stan 61-5 (part 6)/5 for v in > 16v ? mil-std-461 (c, d, e) ? rtca/do-160 section 22 ? fixed switching frequency ? no opto-isolators ? output over-voltage shutdown ? remote sense ? clock synchronization ? primary referenced enable ? continuous short circuit and overload protection ? input under-voltage and over-voltage shutdown 16-70v 16-80v 28v 1.8a 86% @ 0.9a / 85% @ 1.8a continuous input transient input output output effciency advanced publication advanced publication
product # mqhl-28e-28s phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com doc.# 005-0005790 rev. 2 04/14/11 page 2 technical specification block diagram typical connection diagram ? sense isolation stage regulation stage 7 8 uvlo ovsd secondary control gate control primary control positive input input return case enable 1 sync out sync in 12 11 10 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 positive output output return trim no connect + sense gate drivers magnetic feedback control power ovp t 1 t 1 t 2 t 2 current limit current sense mqhl + vin in rtn case ena 1 sync out sync in n / c trim + sns - sns out rtn + vout 1 2 3 4 5 6 12 11 10 9 8 7 load + + 28 vdc open means on _ _ output: current: 28v 1.8a mqhl-28e-28s advanced publication advanced publication
product # mqhl-28e-28s phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com doc.# 005-0005790 rev. 2 04/14/11 page 3 technical specification mqhl-28e-28s electrical characteristics parameter min. typ. max. units notes & conditions group a vin=28v dc 5%, iout=1.8a, cl=0f, free running (see note 9) unless otherwise specifed subgroup (see note 11) absolute maximum ratings input voltage non-operating 100 v operating 100 v see note 1 reverse bias (tcase = 125oc) -0.8 v reverse bias (tcase = -55oc) -1.2 v isolation voltage (i/o to case, i to o) continuous -500 500 v transient (100s) -800 800 v operating case temperature -55 125 c see note 2 storage case temperature -65 135 c lead temperature (20s) 300 c voltage at ena1 -1.2 50 v input characteristics operating input voltage range 16 28 70 v continuous 1, 2, 3 16 28 80 v transient, 1s 4, 5, 6 input under-voltage shutdown see note 3 turn-on voltage threshold 14.75 15.50 16.00 v 1, 2, 3 turn-off voltage threshold 14.00 14.75 15.50 v 1, 2, 3 shutdown voltage hysteresis 0.65 0.80 1.05 v 1, 2, 3 input over-voltage shutdown see note 3 turn-off voltage threshold 90.0 95.0 100.0 v 1, 2, 3 turn-on voltage threshold 82.0 86.0 90.0 v 1, 2, 3 shutdown voltage hysteresis 3.0 9.0 12.0 v 1, 2, 3 maximum input current 3.9 a vin = 16v; iout = 1.8a 1, 2, 3 no load input current (operating) 75 100 ma 1, 2, 3 disabled input current 10 15 ma vin = 16v, 28v, 70v; ena 1, 2, 3 input terminal current ripple (pk-pk) 40 75 ma bandwidth = 100khz C 10mhz; see figure 14 1, 2, 3 output characteristics output voltage set point (tcase = 25oc) 27.72 28.00 28.28 v vout at sense leads 1 output voltage set point over temperature 27.55 28.00 28.45 v 2, 3 output voltage line regulation -50 0 50 mv ; vin = 16v, 28v, 70v; iout=1.8a 1, 2, 3 output voltage load regulation -130 0 130 mv ; vout @ (iout=0a) - vout @ (iout=1.8a) 1, 2, 3 total output voltage range 27.44 28.00 28.56 v 1, 2, 3 output over-voltage shutdown 31.7 34.7 40.2 v see note 5 output voltage ripple and noise peak to peak 15 75 mv bandwidth = 10mhz; cl=11f 1, 2, 3 operating output current range 0 1.8 a 1, 2, 3 operating output power range 0 50 w 1, 2, 3 output dc current-limit inception 1.9 2.3 2.6 a see note 4 1, 2, 3 back-drive current limit while enabled 0.5 a 1, 2, 3 back-drive current limit while disabled 10 50 ma 1, 2, 3 maximum output capacitance 500 f see note 5 dynamic characteristics output voltage deviation load transient see note 6 for a pos. step change in load current -1000 -500 mv total iout step = 0.9a to 1.8a, 0.18a to 0.9a; cl=11f 4, 5, 6 for a neg. step change in load current 500 1000 mv 4, 5, 6 output voltage deviation line transient vin step = 16v to 50v; cl=11f; see note 7 for a pos. step change in line voltage -500 500 mv 4, 5, 6 for a neg. step change in line voltage -500 500 mv 4, 5, 6 turn-on transient output voltage rise time 6 10 ms vout = 2.8v to 25.2v; full resistive load 4, 5, 6 output voltage overshoot 0 2 % resistive load see note 5 turn-on delay, rising vin 5.5 8.0 ms ena = 5v; see notes 8 & 10 4, 5, 6 turn-on delay, rising ena 3.0 6.0 ms see note 10 4, 5, 6 restart inhibit time 180 250 ms see note 10 4, 5, 6 short circuit start time 12 14 20 ms 4 efficiency iout = 1.8 a (16 vin) tbd 86 % 1, 2, 3 iout = 0.9 a (16 vin) tbd 88 % 1, 2, 3 iout = 1.8 a (28 vin) tbd 85 % 1, 2, 3 iout = 0.9 a (28 vin) tbd 86 % 1, 2, 3 iout = 1.8 a (40 vin) tbd 84 % 1, 2, 3 iout = 0.9 a (40 vin) tbd 85 % 1, 2, 3 iout = 1.8 a (70 vin) tbd 81 % 1, 2, 3 load fault power dissipation 2.5 w sustained short circuit on output output: current: 28v 1.8a mqhl-28e-28s advanced publication advanced publication
product # mqhl-28e-28s phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com doc.# 005-0005790 rev. 2 04/14/11 page 4 technical specification mqhl-28e-28s electrical characteristics (continued) parameter min. typ. max. units notes & conditions group a vin=28v dc 5%, iout=1.8a, cl=0f, free running (see note 9) unless otherwise specifed subgroup (see note 11) isolation characteristics isolation voltage dielectric strength input rtn to output rtn 500 v 1 any input pin to case 500 v 1 any output pin to case 500 v 1 isolation resistance (in rtn to out rtn) 100 m 1 isolation resistance (any pin to case) 100 m 1 isolation capacitance (in rtn to out rtn) 22 nf 1 feature characteristics switching frequency (free running) 500 550 600 khz 1, 2, 3 synchronization input frequency range 500 700 khz 1, 2, 3 logic level high 2.0 5.5 v 1, 2, 3 logic level low -0.5 0.8 v 1, 2, 3 duty cycle 20 80 % see note 5 synchronization output pull down current 20 ma vsync out = 0.8v see note 5 duty cycle 40 60 % output connected to sync in of other mqhl unit see note 5 enable control (ena) off-state voltage 0.8 v 1, 2, 3 module off pulldown current 80 a current drain required to ensure module is off see note 5 on-state voltage 2 v 1, 2, 3 module on pin leakage current 20 a imax draw from pin allowed with module still on see note 5 pull-up voltage 3.2 4.0 4.8 v see figure a 1, 2, 3 reliability characteristics calculated mtbf (mil-std-217f2) gb @ tcase = 70oc 4030 10 3 hrs. aif @ tcase = 70oc 338 10 3 hrs. weight characteristics device weight 45 g electrical characteristics notes 1. converter will undergo input over-voltage shutdown. 2. derate output power for continuous operation per figure 5. 3. high or low state of input voltage must persist for about 200s to be acted on by the shutdown circuitry. 4. current limit inception is defned as the point where the output voltage has dropped to 90% of its nominal value. see current limit discussion in features description section. 5. parameter not tested but guaranteed to the limit specifed. 6. load current transition time 10s. 7. line voltage transition time 100s. 8. input voltage rise time 250s. 9. operating the converter at a synchronization frequency above the free running frequency will cause the converters effciency to be slightly reduced and it may also cause a slight reduction in the maximum output current/power available. for more information consult the factory. 10. after a disable or fault event, module is inhibited from restarting for 100ms. see shut down section of the control features description. 11. only the es and hb grade products are tested at three temperatures. the c grade products are tested at one temperature. please refer to the construction and environmental stress screening options table for details. 12. these derating curves apply for the es- and hb- grade products. the c- grade product has a maximum case temperature of 100oc. 13. input over voltage shutdown test is run at no load, full load is beyond derating condition and could cause damage at 125oc. output: current: 28v 1.8a mqhl-28e-28s advanced publication advanced publication
product # mqhl-28e-28s phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com doc.# 005-0005790 rev. 2 04/14/11 page 5 output: current: 28v 1.8a mqhl-28e-28s figures 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.80 load current (a) efficiency (%) 16 vin 28 vin 40 vin 70 vin 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 - 55 oc 25 oc 125 oc case temperature ( oc ) efficiency (%) 16 vin 28 vin 40 vin 70 vin 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.80 load current (a) power dissipation (w) 16 vin 28 vin 40 vin 70 vin 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 - 55 oc 25 oc 125 oc case temperature ( oc ) power dissipation (w) 16 vin 28 vin 40 vin 70 vin data pending 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 load current (a) output voltage (v) figure 1 : effciency at nominal output voltage vs. load current for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at tcase=25c. figure 2 : effciency at nominal output voltage and 60% rated power vs. case temperature for input voltage of 16v, 28v, and 40v. figure 3 : power dissipation at nominal output voltage vs. load current for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at tcase=25c. figure 4 : power dissipation at nominal output voltage and 60% rated power vs. case temperature for input voltage of 16v, 28v, and 40v. figure 5 : output current / output power derating curve as a function of tcase and the maximum desired power mosfet junction temperature at vin = 28v (see note 12). figure 6 : output voltage vs. load current showing typical current limit curves at vin = 28v (see note 4). advanced publication advanced publication advanced publication advanced publication
product # mqhl-28e-28s phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com doc.# 005-0005790 rev. 2 04/14/11 page 6 figures data pending figure 7 : turn-on transient at full resistive load and zero output capacitance initiated by ena1. input voltage pre-applied. ch 1: vout (1v/div). ch 2: ena1 (5v/div). figure 8 : turn-on transient at full resistive load and 5mf output capacitance initiated by ena1. input voltage pre-applied. ch 1: vout (1v/div). ch 2: ena1 (5v/div). figure 9 : turn-on transient at full resistive load and zero output capacitance initiated by vin. ena1 previously high. ch 1: vout (1v/ div). ch 2: vin (10v/div). figure 10 : output voltage response to step-change in load current 50%-100%-50% of iout (max). load cap: 1f ceramic cap and 10f, 100m esr tantalum cap. ch 1: vout (200mv/div). ch 2: iout (5a/div). figure 11 : output voltage response to step-change in load current 0%-50%-0% of iout (max). load cap: 1f ceramic cap and 10f, 100m esr tantalum cap. ch 1: vout (200mv/div). ch 2: iout (5a/ div). figure 12 : output voltage response to step-change in input voltage (16v - 50v - 16v) in 150 s. ch 1: vout (100mv/div). ch 2: vin (20v/div). output: current: 28v 1.8a mqhl-28e-28s advanced publication advanced publication advanced publication advanced publication
product # mqhl-28e-28s phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com doc.# 005-0005790 rev. 2 04/14/11 page 7 figures 0.01 0.1 1 10 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 hz output impedance (ohms) 16v 28v 40v figure 13 : test set-up diagram showing measurement points for input terminal ripple current (figure 14) and output voltage ripple (figure 15). figure 14 : input terminal current ripple, ic, at full rated output current and nominal input voltage with synqor mq flter module (50ma/div). bandwidth: 20mhz. see figure 13. figure 15 : output voltage ripple, vout, at nominal input voltage and rated load current (20mv/div). load capacitance: 1f ceramic capacitor and 10f tantalum capacitor. bandwidth: 10mhz. see figure 13. figure 16 : rise of output voltage after the removal of a short circuit across the output terminals. ch 1: vout (2v/div). ch 2: iout (10a/ div). figure 17 : sync out vs. time, driving sync in of a second synqor mqhl converter. ch1: sync out: (1v/div). figure 18 : magnitude of incremental output impedance (zout = vout/iout) for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at full rated power. output: current: 28v 1.8a mqhl-28e-28s advanced publication advanced publication advanced publication advanced publication
product # mqhl-28e-28s phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com doc.# 005-0005790 rev. 2 04/14/11 page 8 output: current: 28v 1.8a mqhl-28e-28s figures data pending -100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 hz forward transmission (db) 16v 28v 40v -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 hz reverse transmission (db) 16v 28v 40v 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 hz input impedance (ohms) 16v 28v 40v figure 19 : magnitude of incremental forward transmission (ft = vout/vin) for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at full rated power. figure 20 : magnitude of incremental reverse transmission (rt = iin/ iout) for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at full rated power. figure 21 : magnitude of incremental input impedance (zin = vin/ iin) for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at full rated power. figure 22 : high frequency conducted emissions of standalone mqhl-28-05s, 5vout module at 50w output, as measured with method ce102. limit line shown is the basic curve for all applications with a 28v source. figure 23 : high frequency conducted emissions of mqhl-28-05s, 5vout module at 50w output with mqhe-28-p flter, as measured with method ce102. limit line shown is the basic curve for all applications with a 28v source. advanced publication advanced publication advanced publication advanced publication
product # mqhl-28e-28s phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com doc.# 005-0005790 rev. 2 04/14/11 page 9 output: current: 28v 1.8a mqhl-28e-28s application section basic operation and features the mqhl dc/dc converter uses a two-stage power conversion topology. the frst, or regulation, stage is a buck-converter that keeps the output voltage constant over variations in line, load, and temperature. the second, or isolation, stage uses transformers to provide the functions of input/output isolation and voltage transformation to achieve the output voltage required. both the regulation and the isolation stages switch at a fxed frequency for predictable emi performance. the isolation stage switches at one half the frequency of the regulation stage, but due to the push-pull nature of this stage it creates a ripple at double its switching frequency. as a result, both the input and the output of the converter have a fundamental ripple frequency of about 550 khz in the free- running mode. rectifcation of the isolation stages output is accomplished with synchronous rectifers. these devices, which are mosfets with a very low resistance, dissipate far less energy than would schottky diodes. this is the primary reason why the mqhl converters have such high effciency, particularly at low output voltages. besides improving effciency, the synchronous rectifers permit operation down to zero load current. there is no longer a need for a minimum load, as is typical for converters that use diodes for rectifcation. the synchronous rectifers actually permit a negative load current to fow back into the converters output terminals if the load is a source of short or long term energy. the mqhl converters employ a back- drive current limit to keep this negative output terminal current small. there is a control circuit in the mqhl converter that determines the conduction state of the power switches. it communicates across the isolation barrier through a magnetically coupled device. no opto-isolators are used. an input under-voltage shutdown feature with hysteresis is provided, as well as an input over-voltage shutdown and an output over-voltage limit. there is also an output current limit that is nearly constant as the load impedance decreases (i.e., there is not fold-back or fold-forward characteristic to the output current under this condition). when a load fault is removed, the output voltage rises exponentially to its nominal value without an overshoot. if a load fault pulls the output voltage below about 60% of nominal, the converter will shut down to attempt to clear the load fault. after a short delay it will try to auto - restart. the mqhl converters control circuit does not implement an over-temperature shutdown. the following sections describe the use and operation of additional control features provided by the mqhl converter. control features enable: the mqhl converter has one enable pin, ena1 (pin 4), which is referenced with respect to the converters input return (pin 2). it must have a logic high level for the converter to be enabled; a logic low inhibits the converter. the enable pin is internally pulled high so that an open connection will enable the converter. figure a shows the equivalent circuit looking into the enable pin. it is ttl compatible and has hysteresis. shut down: the mqhl converter will shut down in response to only fve conditions: ena input low, vin input below under-voltage shutdown threshold, vin input above over-voltage shutdown threshold, output voltage below the output under-voltage threshold, and output voltage above the output over-voltage threshold. following any shutdown event, there is a startup inhibit delay which will prevent the converter from restarting for approximately 100ms. after the 100ms delay elapses, if the enable inputs are high and the input voltage is within the operating range, the converter will restart. if the vin input is brought down to nearly 0v and back into the operating range, there is no startup inhibit, and the output voltage will rise according to the turn-on delay, rising vin specifcation. remote sense: the purpose of the remote sense pins is to correct for the voltage drop along the conductors that connect the converters output to the load. to achieve this goal, a separate conductor should be used to connect the +sense pin (pin 10) directly to the positive terminal of the load, as shown in the connection diagram on page 2. similarly, the Csense pin (pin 9) should be connected through a separate conductor to the return terminal of the load. note: even if remote sensing of the load voltage is not desired, the +sense and the -sense pins must be connected to +vout (pin 7) and output return (pin 8), respectively, to get proper regulation of the converters output. if they are left open, the converter will have an output voltage that is approximately 200mv higher than its specifed value. e n a 1 5v 82.5k 10k to enable circuitry pin4 pin2 in rtn figure a: circuit diagram shown for reference only, actual circuit components may differ from values shown for equivalent circuit. advanced publication advanced publication advanced publication advanced publication
product # mqhl-28e-28s phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com doc.# 005-0005790 rev. 2 04/14/11 page 10 application section inside the converter, +sense is connected to +vout with a 100 resistor and Csense is connected to output return with a 10 resistor. it is also important to note that when remote sense is used, the voltage across the converters output terminals (pins 7 and 8) will be higher than the converters nominal output voltage due to resistive drops along the connecting wires. this higher voltage at the terminals produces a greater voltage stress on the converters internal components and may cause the converter to fail to deliver the desired output voltage at the low end of the input voltage range at the higher end of the load current and temperature range. please consult the factory for details. synchronization: the mqhl converters switching frequency can be synchronized to an external frequency source that is in the 500 khz to 700 khz range. a pulse train at the desired frequency should be applied to the sync in pin (pin 6) with respect to the input return (pin 2). this pulse train should have a duty cycle in the 20% to 80% range. its low value should be below 0.8v to be guaranteed to be interpreted as a logic low, and its high value should be above 2.0v to be guaranteed to be interpreted as a logic high. the transition time between the two states should be less than 300ns. if the mqhl converter is not to be synchronized, the sync in pin should be left open circuit. the converter will then operate in its free-running mode at a frequency of approximately 550 khz. if, due to a fault, the sync in pin is held in either a logic low or logic high state continuously, or the sync in frequency is outside the 500-700 khz range, the mqhl converter will revert to its free-running frequency. the mqhl converter also has a sync out pin (pin 5). this output can be used to drive the sync in pins of as many as ten (10) other mqhl converters. the pulse train coming out of sync out has a duty cycle of 50% and a frequency that matches the switching frequency of the converter with which it is associated. this frequency is either the free -running frequency if there is no valid synchronization signal at the sync in pin, or the synchronization frequency if there is. the synchronization feature is entirely compatible with that of synqors mqfl family of converters. figure b shows the equivalent circuit looking into the sync in pin and figure c shows the equivalent circuit looking into the sync out pin. output voltage trim: the trim pin (pin 11) can adjust the mqhl converters output voltage 10% around its nominal value. to trim the output voltage above its nominal value, connect an external resistor from the trim pin to the Csense pin as shown in figure d. the value of this trim up resistor should be chosen according to the following equation or from figure e: p i n 2 p i n 6 5 k 5 v s y n c i n i n r t n t o s y n c c i r c u i t r y 5 k figure b: equivalent circuit looking into the sync in pin with respect to the in rtn (input return) pin. f r o m s y n c c i r c u i t r y 5 k 5 v s y n c o u t i n r t n p i n 2 p i n 5 o p e n c o l l e c t o r o u t p u t figure c: equivalent circuit looking into sync out pin with respect to the in rtn (input return) pin. where: vnom = the converters nominal output voltage, vout = the desired output voltage (greater than vnom), and rtrim up is in ohms. as the output voltage is trimmed up, it produces a greater voltage stress on the converters internal components and may cause the converter to fail to deliver the desired output voltage at the low end of the input voltage range at the higher end of the load current and temperature range. please consult the factory for details. to trim the output voltage below its nominal value, connect an external resistor (rtrim down) between the trim pin and the +sense pin, and another resistor (rtrim sense) connected between the trim pin and the -sense pin as shown in figure d. the values of these trim down resistors should be chosen according to the following equation or from figure e: where: vnom = the converters nominal output voltage, vout = the desired output voltage (less than vnom), and rtrim down and rtrim sense are in ohms. factory trimmed converters are available by request. rtrim up() = 9100*vnom - 45500 vout - vnom rtrim down() = 102000*vout - 56100*vnom - 280500 vnom - vout rtrim sense() = 0.19 * rtrim down() output: current: 28v 1.8a mqhl-28e-28s advanced publication advanced publication advanced publication advanced publication
product # mqhl-28e-28s phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com doc.# 005-0005790 rev. 2 04/14/11 page 11 application section input under-voltage shutdown: the mqhl converter has an under-voltage shutdown feature that ensures the converter will be off if the input voltage is too low. the input voltage turn-on threshold is higher than the turn-off threshold. in addition, the mqhl converter will not respond to a state of the input voltage unless it has remained in that state for more than about 200s. this hysteresis and the delay ensure proper operation when the source impedance is high or in a noisy environment. input over-voltage shutdown: the mqhl converter also has an over-voltage feature that ensures the converter will be off if the input voltage is too high. it also has a hysteresis and time delay to ensure proper operation. output over-voltage shutdown: the mqhl converter will shut down if the voltage at its power output pins ever exceeds about 130% of the nominal value. the shutdown threshold does not change with output trim or sense drops; excessive trim-up or output wiring drops may cause an output over-voltage shutdown event. after a startup inhibit delay, the converter will attempt to restart. output under-voltage shutdown: the mqhl converter will also shut down if the voltage at its power output pins ever dips below 60% of the nominal value for more than a few milliseconds. output voltage reduction due to output current overload (current limit) is the most common trigger for this shutdown. the shutdown threshold does not change with output trim but at only 10%, trim- down should not trigger this event. after a startup inhibit delay, the converter will attempt to restart. this shutdown is disabled during startup. back-drive current limit: converters that use mosfets as synchronous rectifers are capable of drawing a negative current from the load if the load is a source of short- or long-term energy. this negative current is referred to as a back-drive current. conditions where back-drive current might occur include paralleled converters that do not employ current sharing. it can also occur when converters having different output voltages are connected together through either explicit or parasitic diodes that, while normally off, become conductive during startup or shutdown. finally, some loads, such as motors, can return energy to their power rail. even a load capacitor is a source of back-drive energy for some period of time during a shutdown transient. to avoid any problems that might arise due to back-drive current, the mqhl converters limit the negative current that the converter can draw from its output terminals. the threshold for this back-drive current limit is placed suffciently below zero so that the converter may operate properly down to zero load, but its absolute value (see the electrical characteristics page) is small compared to the converters rated output current. 10 100 1000 10000 -10% -8% -6% -4% -2% 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% output voltage adjustment external trim resistance (kohms) trim up trim down figure e: trim up and trim down as a function of external trim resistance. load + + 28 vdc open means on r trim down r trim up / r trim sense mqhl + vin in rtn case ena 1 sync out sync in n / c trim + sns - sns out rtn + vout 1 2 3 4 5 6 12 11 10 9 8 7 _ _ _ _ figure d: typical connection for output voltage trimming. mqhl output: current: 28v 1.8a mqhl-28e-28s advanced publication advanced publication advanced publication advanced publication
product # mqhl-28e-28s phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com doc.# 005-0005790 rev. 2 04/14/11 page 12 output: current: 28v 1.8a mqhl-28e-28s application section current limit: in the event of excess load, the mqhl converter will quickly reduce its output voltage to keep the load current within safe limits (see figure 6). if the overload persists for more than 14 milliseconds, the converter will shut off, wait a restart delay, and then automatically attempt to re-start. the timeout is internally implemented with an integrator: counting up whenever current limit is active, and counting down at 1/5th the rate whenever current limit becomes inactive. in this way a series of short-duration overloads will not cause the converter to shut down, while it will shut down in response to sustained overloads. when the converter is mounted on a metal plate, the plate will help to make the converters case bottom a uniform temperature. how well it does so depends on the thickness of the plate and on the thermal conductance of the interface layer (e.g. thermal grease, thermal pad, etc.) between the case and the plate. unless this is done very well, it is important not to mistake the plates temperature for the maximum case temperature. it is easy for them to be as much as 5-10oc different at full power and at high temperatures. it is suggested that a thermocouple be attached directly to the converters case through a small hole in the plate when investigating how hot the converter is getting. care must also be made to ensure that there is not a large thermal resistance between the thermocouple and the case due to whatever adhesive might be used to hold the thermocouple in place. input system instability: this condition can occur because any dc-dc converter appears incrementally as a negative resistance load. a detailed application note titled input system instability is available on the synqor website which provides an understanding of why this instability arises, and shows the preferred solution for correcting it. thermal considertaions: figure 5 shows the suggested power derating curves for this converter as a function of the case temperature and the maximum desired power mosfet junction temperature. all other components within the converter are cooler than its hottest mosfet, which at full power is no more than 20oc higher than the case temperature directly below this mosfet. the mil-hdbk-1547a component derating guideline calls for a maximum component temperature of 105oc. figure 5 therefore has one power derating curve that ensures this limit is maintained. it has been synqors extensive experience that reliable long-term converter operation can be achieved with a maximum component temperature of 125oc. in extreme cases, a maximum temperature of 145oc is permissible, but not recommended for long-term operation where high reliability is required. derating curves for these higher temperature limits are also included in figure 5. the maximum case temperature at which the converter should be operated is 135oc. advanced publication advanced publication advanced publication advanced publication
product # mqhl-28e-28s phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com doc.# 005-0005790 rev. 2 04/14/11 page 13 stress screening construction and environmental stress screening options milqor converters and filters are offered in three variations of environmental stress screening options. all milqor converters use synqors proprietary qorseal? hi-rel assembly process that includes a parylene-c coating of the circuit, a high performance thermal compound filler, and a nickel barrier gold plated aluminum case. each successively higher grade has more stringent mechanical and electrical testing, as well as a longer burn-in cycle. the es- and hb-grades are also constructed of components that have been procured through an element evaluation process that pre-qualifies each new batch of devices. screening consistent with mil-std-883f c-grade (-40 oc to +100 oc) es-grade (-55 oc to +125 oc) (element evaluation) hb-grade (-55 oc to +125 oc) (element evaluation) internal visual * yes yes yes temperature cycle method 1010 no condition b (-55 oc to +125 oc) condition c (-65 oc to +150 oc) constant acceleration method 2001 (y1 direction) no 500g condition a (5000g) burn-in method 1015 load cycled ? 10s period ? 2s @ 100% load ? 8s @ 0% load 24 hrs @ +125 oc 96 hrs @ +125 oc 160 hrs @ +125 oc final electrical test method 5005 (group a) +25 oc -45, +25, +100 oc -55, +25, +125 oc mechanical seal, thermal, and coating process full qorseal full qorseal full qorseal external visual 2009 * yes yes construction process qorseal qorseal qorseal * per ipc-a-610 class 3 output: current: 28v 1.8a mqhl-28e-28s advanced publication
product # mqhl-28e-28s phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com doc.# 005-0005790 rev. 2 04/14/11 page 14 output: current: 28v 1.8a mqhl-28e-28s mechanical diagrams case u case w pin designations pin # function 1 positive input 2 input return 3 case 4 enable 1 5 sync output 6 sync input 7 positive output 8 output return 9 - sense 10 + sense 11 trim 12 no connection notes 1) case: aluminum with gold over nickel plate fnish for the c-, es-, and hb-grade products. 2) pins: diameter: 0.040 (1.02mm) material: copper finish: copper alloy with gold over nickel plating, followed by sn/pb solder dip 3) all dimensions in inches (mm) 4) tolerances: a) x.xx +/-0.02 in. (x.x +/-0.5mm) b) x.xxx +/-0.010 in. (x.xx +/-0.25mm) 5) weight: 1.6 oz (45.4 g) typical 6) workmanship: meets or exceeds ipc-a-610 class iii 7) pin 1 identifcation hole, not intended for mounting mqhl-28e-28s-u-es dc-dc converter 28v in 28v out @ 1.8a mqhl-28e-28s-w-es dc-dc converter 28v in 28v out @ 1.8a advanced publication advanced publication advanced publication
product # mqhl-28e-28s phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com doc.# 005-0005790 rev. 2 04/14/11 page 15 mechanical diagrams case x case y pin designations pin # function 1 positive input 2 input return 3 case 4 enable 1 5 sync output 6 sync input 7 positive output 8 output return 9 - sense 10 + sense 11 trim 12 no connection notes 1) case: aluminum with gold over nickel plate fnish for the c-, es-, and hb-grade products. 2) pins: diameter: 0.040 (1.02mm) material: copper finish: copper alloy with gold over nickel plating, followed by sn/pb solder dip 3) all dimensions in inches (mm) 4) tolerances: a) x.xx +/-0.02 in. (x.x +/-0.5mm) b) x.xxx +/-0.010 in. (x.xx +/-0.25mm) 5) weight: 1.6 oz (45.4 g) typical 6) workmanship: meets or exceeds ipc-a-610 class iii 7) pin 1 identifcation hole, not intended for mounting mqhl-28e-28s-x-es dc-dc converter 28v in 28v out @ 1.8a MQHL-28E-28S-Y-ES dc-dc converter 28v in 28v out @ 1.8a output: current: 28v 1.8a mqhl-28e-28s advanced publication advanced publication advanced publication
product # mqhl-28e-28s phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com doc.# 005-0005790 rev. 2 04/14/11 page 16 output: current: 28v 1.8a mqhl-28e-28s mechanical diagrams case z pin designations pin # function 1 positive input 2 input return 3 case 4 enable 1 5 sync output 6 sync input 7 positive output 8 output return 9 - sense 10 + sense 11 trim 12 no connection notes 1) case: aluminum with gold over nickel plate fnish for the c-, es-, and hb-grade products. 2) pins: diameter: 0.040 (1.02mm) material: copper finish: copper alloy with gold over nickel plating, followed by sn/pb solder dip 3) all dimensions in inches (mm) 4) tolerances: a) x.xx +/-0.02 in. (x.x +/-0.5mm) b) x.xxx +/-0.010 in. (x.xx +/-0.25mm) 5) weight: 1.6 oz (45.4 g) typical 6) workmanship: meets or exceeds ipc-a-610 class iii 7) pin 1 identifcation hole, not intended for mounting mqhl-28e-28s-z-es dc-dc converter 28v in 28v out @ 1.8a advanced publication advanced publication advanced publication
product # mqhl-28e-28s phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com doc.# 005-0005790 rev. 2 04/14/11 page 17 ordering information milqor converter family matrix the tables below show the array of milqor converters available. when ordering synqor converters, please ensure that you use the complete part number according to the table in the last page. contact the factory for other requirements. single output dual output ? full size 1.5v 1.8v 2.5v 3.3v 5v 6v 7.5v 9v 12v 15v 28v 5v 12v 15v (1r5s) (1r8s) (2r5s) (3r3s) (05s) (06s) (7r5s) (09s) (12s) (15s) (28s) (05d) (12d) (15d) mqfl-28 40a 40a 40a 30a 24a 20a 16a 13a 10a 8a 4a 24a total 10a total 8a total 16-40vin cont. 16-50vin 1s trans.* absolute max vin = 60v mqfl-28e 40a 40a 40a 30a 24a 20a 16a 13a 10a 8a 4a 24a total 10a total 8a total 16-70vin cont. 16-80vin 1s trans.* absolute max vin =100v mqfl-28v 40a 40a 40a 30a 20a 17a 13a 11a 8a 6.5a 3.3a 20a total 8a total 6.5a total 16-40vin cont. 5.5-50vin 1s trans.* absolute max vin = 60v mqfl-28ve 40a 40a 40a 30a 20a 17a 13a 11a 8a 6.5a 3.3a 20a total 8a total 6.5a total 16-70vin cont. 5.5-80vin 1s trans.* absolute max vin = 100v mqfl-270 40a 40a 40a 30a 24a 20a 16a 13a 10a 8a 4a 24a total 10a total 8a total 155-400vin cont. 155-475vin 1s trans.* absolute max vin = 550v single output dual output ? half size 1.5v 1.8v 2.5v 3.3v 5v 6v 7.5v 9v 12v 15v 28v 5v 12v 15v (1r5s) (1r8s) (2r5s) (3r3s) (05s) (06s) (7r5s) (09s) (12s) (15s) (28s) (05d) (12d) (15d) mqhl-28 20a 20a 20a 15a 10a 8a 6.6a 5.5a 4a 3.3a 1.8a 10a total 4a total 3.3a total 16-40vin cont. 16-50vin 1s trans.* absolute max vin = 60v mqhl-28e 20a 20a 20a 15a 10a 8a 6.6a 5.5a 4a 3.3a 1.8a 10a total 4a total 3.3a total 16-70vin cont. 16-80vin 1s trans.* absolute max vin =100v mqhr-28 10a 10a 10a 7.5a 5a 4a 3.3a 2.75a 2a 1.65a 0.9a 5a total 2a total 1.65a total 16-40vin cont. 16-50vin 1s trans.* absolute max vin = 60v mqhr-28e 10a 10a 10a 7.5a 5a 4a 3.3a 2.75a 2a 1.65a 0.9a 5a total 2a total 1.65a total 16-70vin cont. 16-80vin 1s trans.* absolute max vin = 100v check with factory for availability. ?80% of total output current available on any one output. *converters may be operated at the highest transient input voltage, but some component electrical and thermal stresses would be beyond mil- hdbk-1547a guidelines. output: current: 28v 1.8a mqhl-28e-28s advanced publication advanced publication
product # mqhl-28e-28s phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com doc.# 005-0005790 rev. 2 04/14/11 page 18 ordering information model name input voltage range output voltage(s) package outline/ pin confguration screening grade single output dual output mqfl mqhl mqhr 28 28e 28v 28ve 270 1r5s 1r8s 2r5s 3r3s 05s 06s 7r5s 09s 12s 15s 28s 05d 12d 15d u x y w z c es hb warranty synqor offers a two (2) year limited warranty. complete warranty informa - tion is listed on our website or is available upon request from synqor. information furnished by synqor is believed to be accurate and reliable. however, no responsibility is assumed by synqor for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. no license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of synqor. contact synqor for further information: phone : 978-849-0600 toll free : 1-888-567-9596 fax : 978-849-0602 e-mail : mqnbofae@synqor.com web : www.synqor.com address : 155 swanson road boxborough, ma 01719 usa patents synqor holds the following u.s. patents, one or more of which apply to each product listed in this document. additional patent applications may be pending or fled in the future. 5,999,417 6,222,742 6,545,890 6,577,109 6,594,159 6,731,520 6,894,468 6,896,526 6,927,987 7,050,309 7,072,190 7,085,146 7,119,524 7,269,034 7,272,021 7,272,023 7,558,083 7,564,702 7,765,687 7,787,261 application notes a variety of application notes and technical white papers can be downloaded in pdf format from the synqor website. part numbering system the part numbering system for synqors milqor dc-dc converters follows the format shown in the table below. not all combinations make valid part numbers, please contact synqor for availability. see the product summary web page for more options. example: MQHL-28E-28S-Y-ES output: current: 28v 1.8a mqhl-28e-28s advanced publication advanced publication

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