speci?cations which provide more details for the proper and safe use of the described product are available upon request. all speci?cations are subject to change without notice. sensors ts-l, -m, -h series mechanical sensors powder level sensors plain paper copiers and laser printers require the toner (pigment powder) and carrier (magnetic powder) to be mixed in the proper proportions to create the developer. tdks ts series of toner sen- sors was designed to maintain this correct mix ratio. features ? the ts-l, ts-m and ts-h toner sensors use a high performance ferrite core differential transformer with an adjustable control lead wires. when the dc voltage applied to the control lead wires is varied, the sensor working point also varies. since the control lead wires (and working point) can be set to practically any desired value, it provides the following capabilities: ? the sensor adjustment point can be installed at any location most convenient for operation. ? because it has such a wide control range, the working point can be reset easily after changing the developer, or whenever needed. ? the microprocessor in the printer or copier can vary the control lead voltage for automatic adjustment. ? in multi-color printers, it is no longer necessary to use a different constant sensor for each color. one tdk programmable toner sensor can accommodate the working point differences of each color toner with easily adjustable control voltage. ? the compact size of the sensors makes them easy to install in virtually any locations. product identification (1)series name (5)sensor protrusion length * 4 (2)internal operation voltage * 1 b: 4.5mm (standard) 10:dc.10v(standard) a: 3mm (3)power supply voltage * 2 c: 7.5mm 24:dc.24v(standard) (6)tdk internal code * 5 (4)sensor construction * 3 l: th core(standard) m: th+ri core(shielded) h: r+ri core(high ef?ciency magnetic circuit) * 1 , * 2 please contact tdk for applications requiring non-standard voltages. * 3 m or h model should be used for applications particularly requir- ing avoidance of effects caused by the sensor lateral surfaces. usage conditions should be considered carefully when selecting model h, which is designed for high sensitivity. due to low cost, model l is also used as an out-of-toner sensor. * 4 the most appropriate sensor protrusion length should be selected during design of the toner/carrier tank. * 5 two character control code using by tdk during sampling. ? standard ratings include the sensor sensitivity and the output ?l- ter time constant. ts 10 24 l b xx (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
speci?cations which provide more details for the proper and safe use of the described product are available upon request. all speci?cations are subject to change without notice. sensors ts-l, -m, -h series mechanical sensors powder level sensors electrical characteristics ? the value shown above are the adjusted value of programmable toner sensors ts0524lb-x. shapes and dimensions power supply rated input voltage edc(v) 245% power supply input current(ma) 20max. control input rated control input voltage edc(v) 7 control input current(ma) 10max. control input voltage range edc(v) 2 to 24 control input impedance(m w ) 110% analog output characteristics output voltage b(v) 20.2 [by vc: 3 at normal temperature and humidity] output voltage a(v) 3.30.3 [by vc: 3 at normal temperature and humidity] output variable range d b(v) 1min.[vc:by change of 2v] output impedance (k w ) 15010% at dc output filter time constant (s) 1max. output ripple e p-p (mv) 20max. temperature change(v) 0.5 max.[at 0 to +50c, change from 25c] digital output characteristics digital output voltage:h (v) 4.5min. digital output voltage:l(v) 0.5max. digital output current:h(ma) 0.4max. digital output current:l(ma) 0.5max. level comparator threshold voltage (v) 2.50.5[analog output voltage] 2-?.2 3.5 45 0.5 ?0+0, 0.2 * l: 3, 4.5, 7.5 14 0.5 6.5 0.5 l * dimensions in mm 9.5 0.1 38 0.1 31 0.5 80 10 8 0.1 ( 2-r1.5 ) label ( 2-r2 ) 1.5
speci?cations which provide more details for the proper and safe use of the described product are available upon request. all speci?cations are subject to change without notice. sensors ts-l, -m, -h series mechanical sensors powder level sensors applied examples to adjust working point to adjust digital output threshold voltage to increase analog output filter time constant to buffer digital output to switch working point typical characteristics toner density vs. typical output characteristic (ts0524hc-xx) control voltage vs. typical output characteristic (ts0524lb-xx) typical temperature characteristic (ts0524hc-xx) typical characteristics typical high temperature and high humidity load test (ts0524lb-66) toner sensor connector control input +v analog output gnd digital output 1 2 3 4 5 connector 1 2 3 4 5 +24v ( +12v ) 50k w 5k w 0.01 m f ? z in =1m w 10k w power supply voltage 12v connector 1 2 3 4 5 +24v ( +12v ) 200k w 50k w 0.01 m f 1m w ( z out =150k w ) connector 1 2 3 4 5 +24v ( +12v ) 10k w 2 sc 2712 ( gr ) etc. ( h fe >200 ) analog output ( z out =150k w ) + connector 1 2 3 4 5 digital output 5.1k w 2 sc 2712 etc. connector 1 2 3 4 5 +24v 0 1 2 3 4 5 toner density ( relative scale ) vout ( v ) 0 1 2 3 4 5 toner density ( relative scale ) vout ( v ) cnt 5v 6v 7v 8v 9v 0 1 2 3 4 5 temperatue ( ? ) vout ( v ) ?0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.3 time ( h ) vout ( v ) initial value 72 240 500 1000 60?, 95 ( % ) rh
speci?cations which provide more details for the proper and safe use of the described product are available upon request. all speci?cations are subject to change without notice. sensors ts-l, -m, -h series mechanical sensors powder level sensors precautions adhere to the following recommendations to ensure stable opera- tion of the programmable toner sensor. values shown here are guidelines for general design. detection sensitivity of sensors is in?uenced by the material and shape of the developer container that the sensor will be used with, and the mechanism for carrying the developer. refer to separate docu- ments for special design speci?cations. 1. the quantity of developer (toner carrier) around the sensor face the detection sensitivity will drop when the quantity of developer around the sensor face (d in the diagram below) is low (below 5mm). increasing the sensitivity of the sensor itself through the cir- cuiting can compensate for this. however, as sensor sensitivity increases, environmental and temperature resistance characteris- tics deteriorate, causing decresed stability of operation. design the developer container and the mechanism for carrying the developer so that there is a minimum of 6mm (d in the diagram below). 2. influence of an external magnetic field near the sensor if a dc magnetic ?eld is applied near the sensor, the sensors working point will need to be changed correspondingly. if the dc magnetic field strength changes depending on the indi - vidual device, the working point of the sensor will need to be reset depending on the dc magnetic ?eld. the best environment is one where there is no dc magnetic ?eld. however if this is unavoidable, it is recommended that you either apply a magnetic shield at the source of the dc magnetic ?eld, or use the ts-m series that has a magnetic shield core for the sensor. if the dc magnetic field is strong, it may be necessary to use the ts-m series possessing a magnetic shield core, or the highly sen- sitive ts-h series with a large core for the sensor coil. as shown in the diagram above, however, the carrier that is in the developer may become trapped over the core, impairing the performance of the sensor. (the ts-l series uses a small core so this situation rarely occurs.) 3. influence of conductive material near the sensor a conductive material placed near the sensor can also change its working point. if a certain distance is kept between them, normal operation can be recovered by resetting the working point. how- ever, if the conductor is quite close to the sensor, as in the diagram below, the adjustment range for the working point may be exceeded. if the sensor is installed on a conductor such as aluminum, it may not function at all since the driving power of the sensor coil will be shorted. this phenomenon is most pronounced with the ts-l series. the ts-m and ts-h series can be installed on conductive surfaces, but the working point adjustment will vary widely from installation to installation due to the close relationship between the mounting and the ?uctuation margin of the working point. this complicates adjustment procedures. if the application requires installing a sensor on aluminum, working point changes can be reduced ?rst by placing a plastic plate of at least ?30mm in diameter over the aluminum. even with this method, some variability in working point can be expected. 4. causes of ripple of detection output ripple in the output detection occurs when the ?ow rate of devel- oper around the sensor is unstable. depending on the size of the ripple, this can considerably lower control accuracy. for this reason it is best to locate the sensor where the ?ow of developer is smooth. the sensor itself contains a built-in ?lter for absorbing rip- ples, so there are generally no problems with a normal level of rip- ple. however if the size of the ripples exceed ordinary levels, dif?culties such as those describe below may occur. developer toner sensor sensor face d external dc magnetic field h external dc magnetic field h ts-m series ts-h series a: conductors such as aluminum plates d < 5mm d < 5mm a a aa a: conductors such as aluminum plates ab b a a: conductors such as aluminum plates b: non-conductive material such as plastic ? > 30mm
b372_ts 980525 speci?cations which provide more details for the proper and safe use of the described product are available upon request. all speci?cations are subject to change without notice. sensors ts-l, -m, -h series mechanical sensors powder level sensors the above illustration is a model of how unstable developer flow leads to ripple in the detection output. if there is a comparatively small ?uctuation in developer ?ow (c 0 ? c 1 ? c 0 ? c 2 ? c 0 ) around the working point c 0 , this will be re?ected in an output ripple between e 1 and e 2 . as long as the ?uctuation in the output ripple remains within the developer working range, the output signal ?lter- ing is suf?cient to ensure stable sensor characteristics. however, if the ?ow of developer ?uctuates in a more unstable pattern, such as c 0 ? c 3 ? c 0 ? c 4 ? c 0 , the sensor saturation range may be exceeded as shown by the output ripple peaks e 3 and e 4 . in this case sensing only takes place from p 0 to p 1 , p 2 to p 3 , and p 5 to p 6 . sensing does not take place between p 1 to p 2 , or p 4 to p 5 due to saturation. sensitivity is greatly reduced because of this. it is possible of course to reduce the ripples through ?ltering. how- ever, saturation reduces the sensitivity of the sensor itself. in order to maintain the same high level of sensitivity as when there are only small ripples below saturation levels after ?ltering, the sensi- tivity needs to be increased in advance. unfortunately, increasing the sensitivity (increasing the sensitivity to changes in the ?ow of developer), leads to a larger output ripple. not only this, but as the s/n ratio does not change when sensitivity is increased, there is no increase in control accuracy, and sensor environmental charac- teristics are impaired as well, resulting in even more unstable sensing. the following is another reason for avoiding large ripples. the previous diagram shows an extremely unstable case where the developer ?ow ?uctuates between c 1 and c 2 . in this model, two sensors, a and b are installed. apart from having different sat- uration points they are identical sensors. "a" is the saturation point for sensor a, and "b" is the saturation point of sensor b. with ?ow ?uctuating as shown (c 0 ? c 1 ? c 0 ? c 2 ? c 0 ), there will be two out- put ripples, e 1 (a) to e 2 , and e 1 (b) to e 2 . after ?ltering, the average output ea and eb are of course different. what this model shows is that two sensors with the same charac- teristics in the working range before reaching saturation, have dif- ferent outputs when there is a large ripple, causing further problems with the sensitivity of the sensors. with a large ripple, sensitivity must be adjusted individually in order to keep the output level and sensitivity of each sensor the same. this is obviously an extremely dif?cult task. these problems indicate that the problem of output ripples is not just a problem of ?lter characteristics, and the importance of the stable operation of each installation is emphasized. as tdk pro- grammable toner ?lters are equipped with a built in ?lter, any rip- ples that appear in sensor output are what is left after ?ltering. when designing the developer container it is best to temporarily remove the sensor ?lter so that you can view the ripples directly in?uenced by developer instability. 5. relation between sensor sensitivity and sensor output volt - age. tdk programmable toner sensors are set with an output center value of 2.5v for the purposes of compatibility with other applica- tions. when the output center values of 2.5v and 5v are compared however, the 5v type has around two times the output voltage ?uc- tuation of the 2.5v type, for the same toner density ?uctuation. this shows that the 5v version has around half the sensitivity of the 2.5v version, at the same v/wt%. so the 5v type has far better environment resistance characteristics than the 2.5v type. in view of these things, the 5v type is recommended when designing a new installation. p 1 e 4 p 2 e 2 e 0 p 0 p 3 p 6 e 1 p 4 e 3 p 5 c 1 c 0 c 3 c 2 c 4 output toner density or equivalent developer magnetic resistance e 2 c 1 c 0 c 2 output toner density or equivalent developer magnetic resistance a b e 1 ( a ) e 1 ( b ) ea eb
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