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description the 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) is the 8-bit micro- computer based on the 740 family core technology. the 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) is designed for the household products and office automation equipment and includes serial i/o functions, 8-bit timer, i 2 c-bus interface, and a-d con- verter. features basic machine-language instructions ..................................... 71 minimum instruction execution time ................................. 0.5 s (at 8 mhz oscillation frequency) memory size rom ................................................................ 24k to 32k bytes ram .................................................................... 640 to 1k bytes programmable input/output ports ........................................... 34 interrupts ................................................ 17 sources, 16 vectors timers ............................................................................ 8-bit x 4 serial i/o1 .................... 8-bit x 1(uart or clock-synchronized) serial i/o2 ................................... 8-bit x 1(clock-synchronized) multi-master i 2 c-bus interface .................................. 1 channel pwm .............................................................................. 8-bit x 1 a-d converter ............................................... 10-bit x 5 channels watchdog timer ........................................................... 16-bit x 1 pin configuration (top view) fig. 1 m38517m8-xxxfp/sp pin configuration clock generating circuit ................................... built-in 2 circuits (connect to external ceramic resonator or quartz-crystal oscillator) power source voltage in high-speed mode ................................................. 4.0 to 5.5 v (at 8 mhz oscillation frequency) in middle-speed mode ............................................. 2.7 to 5.5 v (at 8 mhz oscillation frequency) in low-speed mode ................................................... 2.7 to 5.5 v (at 32 khz oscillation frequency) power dissipation in high-speed mode ......................................................... 34 mw (at 8 mhz oscillation frequency, at 5 v power source voltage) in low-speed mode except m38517f8fp/sp ................................................. 60 w m38517f8fp/sp ............................................................ 450 w (at 32 khz oscillation frequency, at 3 v power source voltage) operating temperature range .................................. ?0 to 85? application office automation equipment, fa equipment, household products, consumer electronics, etc. package type : fp ........................... 42p2r-a/e (42-pin plastic-molded ssop) package type : sp ........................... 42p4b (42-pin plastic-molded sdip) p4 0 /cntr 1 p4 1 /int 0 p4 2 /int 1 p4 3 /int 2 /s cmp2 p4 4 /int 3 /pwm v ref v cc p3 1 /an 1 p3 2 /an 2 p0 0 /s in2 p0 4 p0 5 p0 6 p0 7 p1 1 /(led 1 ) p1 2 /(led 2 ) p1 3 /(led 3 ) p1 4 /(led 4 ) p1 5 /(led 5 ) p1 0 /(led 0 ) p0 1 /s out2 p0 2 /s clk2 p3 0 /an 0 p3 3 /an 3 p3 4 /an 4 p0 3 /s rdy2 40 41 42 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 34 35 36 37 38 39 33 3 2 1 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 9 8 7 6 5 4 10 m38517m8-xxxfp/sp p1 6 /(led 6 ) p1 7 /(led 7 ) p2 7 /cntr 0 /s rdy1 p2 6 /s clk1 p2 5 /scl 2 /txd p2 4 /sda 2 /rxd p2 3 /scl 1 p2 2 /sda 1 cnv ss p2 1 /x cin p2 0 /x cout reset x in x out v ss av ss rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 1 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) single-chip 8-bit cmos microcomputer rej03b0066-0101z rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 2 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) functional block diagram fig.2 functional block diagram functional block int 0 v ref av ss r a m r o m c p u a x y s pc h pc l ps v ss 21 reset 18 v cc 1 15 cnv ss 23 x in 19 20 si/o1(8) reset input clock generating circuit main-clock input main-clock output a-d converter (10) cntr 0 cntr 1 timer y( 8 ) timer x( 8 ) prescaler 12(8) prescaler x(8) prescaler y(8) timer 1( 8 ) timer 2( 8 ) sub-clock input x out x cin x cout sub-clock output watchdog timer reset p2(8) p3(5) i/o port p2 i/o port p3 p4(5) i/o port p4 int 3 4 6 8 5 7 39 41 38 40 42 9 11 13 17 10 12 14 16 p1(8) i/o port p1 22 24 26 28 23 25 27 29 p0(8) i/o port p0 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 pwm (8) x cin x cout si/o2(8) i 2 c free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 3 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) i/o port p2 i/o port p3 i/o port p4 v cc , v ss cnv ss v ref av ss reset x in x out p0 0 /s in2 p0 1 /s out2 p0 2 /s clk2 p0 3 /s rdy2 p0 4 p0 7 p1 0 p1 7 functions name pin apply voltage of 2.7 v 5.5 v to vcc, and 0 v to vss. this pin controls the operation mode of the chip. normally connected to v ss . reference voltage input pin for a-d converter. analog power source input pin for a-d converter. connect to vss. reset input pin for active l . input and output pins for the clock generating circuit. connect a ceramic resonator or quartz-crystal oscillator between the x in and x out pins to set the oscillation frequency. when an external clock is used, connect the clock source to the x in pin and leave the x out pin open. 8-bit cmos i/o port. i/o direction register allows each pin to be individually programmed as either input or output. cmos compatible input level. cmos 3-state output structure. p1 0 to p1 7 (8 bits) are enabled to output large current for led drive. 8-bit cmos i/o port. i/o direction register allows each pin to be individually programmed as either input or output. cmos compatible input level. p2 2 to p2 5 can be switched between cmos compatible input level or smbus input level in the i 2 c-bus inter- face function. p2 0 , p2 1 , p2 4 to p2 7 : cmos3-state output structure. p2 4 , p2 5 : n-channel open-drain structure in the i 2 c- bus interface function. p2 2 , p2 3 : n-channel open-drain structure. 8-bit cmos i/o port with the same function as port p0. cmos compatible input level. cmos 3-state output structure. 8-bit cmos i/o port with the same function as port p0. cmos compatible input level. cmos 3-state output structure. power source cnv ss input reference voltage input analog power source input table 1 pin description function except a port function serial i/o2 function pin sub-clock generating circuit i/o pins (connect a resonator) reset input clock input clock output i/o port p0 i/o port p1 p2 0 /x cout p2 1 /x cin p2 2 /sda 1 p2 3 /scl 1 p2 4 /sda 2 /rxd p2 5 /scl 2 /txd p2 6 /s clk1 p2 7 /cntr 0 / s rdy1 p3 0 /an 0 p3 4 /an 4 p4 0 /cntr 1 p4 1 /int 0 p4 2 /int 1 p4 3 /int 2 /s cmp2 p4 4 /int 3 /pwm i 2 c-bus interface function pins i 2 c-bus interface function pin/ serial i/o1 function pins serial i/o1 function pin serial i/o1 function pin/timer x function pin a-d converter input pin timer y function pin interrupt input pins interrupt input pin s cmp2 output pin interrupt input pin pwm output pin free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 4 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) part numbering fig. 3 part numbering m 3 8 5 14 m 6 x x xs p product name p a c k a g e t y p e s p : 4 2 p 4 b f p : 4 2 p 2 r - a / e s s : 4 2 s 1 b - a r o m n u m b e r o m i t t e d i n o n e t i m e p r o m v e r s i o n s h i p p e d i n b l a n k , e p r o m v e r s i o n , a n d f l a s h m e m o r y v e r s i o n . r o m / p r o m / f l a s h m e m o r y s i z e 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 : 4096 bytes : 8192 bytes : 12288 bytes : 16384 bytes : 20480 bytes : 24576 bytes : 28672 bytes : 32768 bytes t h e f i r s t 1 2 8 b y t e s a n d t h e l a s t 2 b y t e s o f r o m a r e r e s e r v e d a r e a s ; t h e y c a n n o t b e u s e d a s a u s e r s r o m a r e a . h o w e v e r , t h e y c a n b e p r o g r a m m e d o r e r a s e d i n t h e f l a s h m e m o r y v e r s i o n , s o t h a t t h e u s e r s c a n u s e t h e m . memory type m : mask rom version e : eprom or one time prom version f : flash memory version r a m s i z e 0 1 2 3 4 : 192 bytes : 256 bytes : 384 bytes : 512 bytes : 640 bytes : s t a n d a r d o m i t t e d i n o n e t i m e p r o m v e r s i o n s h i p p e d i n b l a n k , e p r o m v e r s i o n , a n d f l a s h m e m o r y v e r s i o n . : 36864 bytes : 40960 bytes : 45056 bytes : 49152 bytes : 53248 bytes : 57344 bytes : 61440 bytes 9 a b c d e f 5 6 7 8 9 : 768 bytes : 896 bytes : 1024 bytes : 1536 bytes : 2048 bytes free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 5 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) group expansion renesas plans to expand the 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) as follows. memory type support for mask rom, one time prom, and flash memory ver- sions. memory size flash memory size ......................................................... 32 k bytes mask rom size ................................................. 24 k to 32 k bytes one time prom size ..................................................... 24 k bytes ram size ............................................................... 640 to 1 k bytes packages 42p4b ......................................... 42-pin shrink plastic-molded dip 42p2r-a/e ......................................... 42-pin plastic-molded ssop 42s1b-a .................. 42-pin shrink ceramic dip (eprom version) fig. 4 memory expansion plan memory expansion plan 32k 28k 24k 20k 16k 12k 8k 384 512 640 768 896 1024 1152 1280 1408 1536 2048 rom exteranal rom size (bytes) ram size (bytes) aaaaaaaa aaaaaaaa aaaaaaaa aaaaaaaa aaaaaaaa aaaaaaaa m38517m8/f8 aaaaaaaa aaaaaaaa aaaaaaaa aaaaaaaa aaaaaaaa aaaaaaaa m38514m6/e6 products under development or planning: the development schedule and specification may be revised without notice. the develo p ment of p lannin g p roducts ma y be sto pp ed. mass production mass production free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 6 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) currently planning products are listed below. ram size (bytes) remarks package table 2 support products product name 24576 (24446) rom size (bytes) rom size for user in ( ) m38514m6-xxxsp m38514e6-xxxsp m38514e6sp M38514E6SS m38514m6-xxxfp m38514e6-xxxfp m38514e6fp 42p4b mask rom version one time prom version one time prom version (blank) eprom version mask rom version one time prom version one time prom version (blank) 640 table 4 differences between 3851 group (built-in 16 kb rom) and 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) serial i/o a-d converter large current port 3851 group (built-in 16 kb rom) 1: serial i/o (uart or clock-synchronized) unserviceable in low-speed mode 5: p1 3 p1 7 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) 2: serial i/o1 (uart or clock-synchronized) serial i/o2 (clock-synchronized) serviceable in low-speed mode 8: p1 0 p1 7 notes on differences between 3851 group (built-in 16 kb rom), 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) (1) the absolute maximum ratings of 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) is smaller than that of 3851 group (built-in 16 kb rom). power source voltage vcc = 0.3 to 6.5 v cnvss input voltage v i = 0.3 to vcc +0.3 v (m38514m6, m38517m8) vi = 0.3 to 6.5 v (m38517f8) (2) the oscillation circuit constants of x in -x out , x cin -x cout may be some differences between 3851 group (built-in 16 kb rom) and 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom). (3) do not write any data to the reserved area and the reserved bit. (do not change the contents after reset.) (4) fix bit 3 of the cpu mode register to 1 . (5) be sure to perform the termination of unused pins. 42s1b-a 42p2r-a/e table 3 3851 group (built-in 16 kb rom) and 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) corresponding products 3851 group (built-in 16 kb rom) m38513m4-xxxfp/sp m38513e4-xxxfp/sp m38513e4fp/sp m38513e4ss 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) m38514m6-xxxfp/sp m38514e6-xxxfp/sp m38514e6fp/sp M38514E6SS m38517m8-xxxfp/sp m38517f8fp/sp free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 7 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) functional description central processing unit (cpu) the 3851 group uses the standard 740 family instruction set. re- fer to the table of 740 family addressing modes and machine instructions or the 740 family software manual for details on the instruction set. machine-resident 740 family instructions are as follows: the fst and slw instructions cannot be used. the stp, wit, mul, and div instructions can be used. [accumulator (a)] the accumulator is an 8-bit register. data operations such as data transfer, etc., are executed mainly through the accumulator. [index register x (x)] the index register x is an 8-bit register. in the index addressing modes, the value of the operand is added to the contents of register x and specifies the real address. [index register y (y)] the index register y is an 8-bit register. in partial instruction, the value of the operand is added to the contents of register y and specifies the real address. [stack pointer (s)] the stack pointer is an 8-bit register used during subroutine calls and interrupts. this register indicates start address of stored area (stack) for storing registers during subroutine calls and interrupts. the low-order 8 bits of the stack address are determined by the contents of the stack pointer. the high-order 8 bits of the stack ad- dress are determined by the stack page selection bit. if the stack page selection bit is 0 , the high-order 8 bits becomes 00 16 . if the stack page selection bit is 1 , the high-order 8 bits becomes 01 16 . the operations of pushing register contents onto the stack and popping them from the stack are shown in figure 6. store registers other than those described in figure 6 with pro- gram when the user needs them during interrupts or subroutine calls. [program counter (pc)] the program counter is a 16-bit counter consisting of two 8-bit registers pc h and pc l . it is used to indicate the address of the next instruction to be executed. fig. 5 740 family cpu register structure a accumulator b7 b7 b7 b7 b0 b7 b15 b0 b7 b0 b0 b0 b0 x index register x y index register y s stack pointer pc l program counter pc h n v t b d i z c processor status register (ps) carry flag zero flag interrupt disable flag decimal mode flag break flag index x mode flag overflow flag negative flag free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 8 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) table 5 push and pop instructions of accumulator or processor status register accumulator processor status register push instruction to stack pha php pop instruction from stack pla plp fig. 6 register push and pop at interrupt generation and subroutine call note : condition for acceptance of an interrupt interrupt enable flag is 1 e x e c u t e j s r on-going routine m (s) (pc h ) ( s ) ( s ) 1 m ( s )( p c l ) e x e c u t e r t s ( p c l )m ( s ) (s) (s) 1 ( s ) ( s ) + 1 ( s ) ( s ) + 1 ( p c h )m ( s ) s u b r o u t i n e p o p r e t u r n a d d r e s s f r o m s t a c k p u s h r e t u r n a d d r e s s o n s t a c k m ( s )( p s ) e x e c u t e r t i ( p s )m ( s ) (s) (s) 1 (s) (s) + 1 i n t e r r u p t s e r v i c e r o u t i n e pop contents of processor status register from stack m (s) (pc h ) (s) (s) 1 m (s) (pc l ) (s) (s) 1 (pc l )m (s) (s) (s) + 1 (s) (s) + 1 (pc h )m (s) pop return address from stack i flag is set from 0 to 1 fetch the jump vector push return address on stack push contents of processor status register on stack i n t e r r u p t r e q u e s t (note) interrupt disable flag is 0 free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 9 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) bit 4: break flag (b) the b flag is used to indicate that the current interrupt was generated by the brk instruction. the brk flag in the processor status register is always 0 . when the brk instruction is used to generate an interrupt, the processor status register is pushed onto the stack with the break flag set to 1 . bit 5: index x mode flag (t) when the t flag is 0 , arithmetic operations are performed between accumulator and memory. when the t flag is 1 , direct arithmetic operations and direct data transfers are enabled between memory locations. bit 6: overflow flag (v) the v flag is used during the addition or subtraction of one byte of signed data. it is set if the result exceeds +127 to -128. when the bit instruction is executed, bit 6 of the memory location operated on by the bit instruction is stored in the overflow flag. bit 7: negative flag (n) the n flag is set if the result of an arithmetic operation or data transfer is negative. when the bit instruction is executed, bit 7 of the memory location operated on by the bit instruction is stored in the negative flag. table 6 set and clear instructions of each bit of processor status register set instruction clear instruction c flag z flag i flag d flag b flag t flag v flag n flag sec clc _ _ sei cli sed cld _ _ set clt clv _ _ _ [processor status register (ps)] the processor status register is an 8-bit register consisting of 5 flags which indicate the status of the processor after an arithmetic operation and 3 flags which decide mcu operation. branch opera- tions can be performed by testing the carry (c) flag , zero (z) flag, overflow (v) flag, or the negative (n) flag. in decimal mode, the z, v, n flags are not valid. bit 0: carry flag (c) the c flag contains a carry or borrow generated by the arithmetic logic unit (alu) immediately after an arithmetic operation. it can also be changed by a shift or rotate instruction. bit 1: zero flag (z) the z flag is set if the result of an immediate arithmetic operation or a data transfer is 0 , and cleared if the result is anything other than 0 . bit 2: interrupt disable flag (i) the i flag disables all interrupts except for the interrupt generated by the brk instruction. interrupts are disabled when the i flag is 1 . bit 3: decimal mode flag (d) the d flag determines whether additions and subtractions are executed in binary or decimal. binary arithmetic is executed when this flag is 0 ; decimal arithmetic is executed when it is 1 . decimal correction is automatic in decimal mode. only the adc and sbc instructions can be used for decimal arithmetic. free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 10 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) [cpu mode register (cpum)] 003b 16 the cpu mode register contains the stack page selection bit, etc. the cpu mode register is allocated at address 003b 16 . fig. 7 structure of cpu mode register cpu mode register ( cpum : address 003b 16 ) b 7 b0 stack page selection bit 0 : 0 page 1 : 1 page fix this bit to 1 . processor mode bits b1 b0 0 0 : single-chip mode 0 1 : 1 0 : not available 1 1 : port x c switch bit 0 : i/o port function (stop oscillating) 1 : x cin x cout oscillating function main clock (x in x out ) stop bit 0 : oscillating 1 : stopped main clock division ratio selection bits b7 b6 0 0 : = f(x in )/2 (high-speed mode) 0 1 : = f(x in )/8 (middle-speed mode) 1 0 : = f(x cin )/2 (low-speed mode) 1 1 : not available 1 free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 11 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) memory special function register (sfr) area the special function register area in the zero page contains control registers such as i/o ports and timers. ram ram is used for data storage and for stack area of subroutine calls and interrupts. rom the first 128 bytes and the last 2 bytes of rom are reserved for device testing and the rest is user area for storing programs. interrupt vector area the interrupt vector area contains reset and interrupt vectors. zero page access to this area with only 2 bytes is possible in the zero page addressing mode. special page access to this area with only 2 bytes is possible in the special page addressing mode. fig. 8 memory map diagram 0100 1 6 0 0 0 0 1 6 0 0 4 0 1 6 f f 0 0 1 6 ffdc 1 6 f f f e 1 6 ffff 1 6 1 9 2 2 5 6 3 8 4 5 1 2 6 4 0 7 6 8 8 9 6 1 0 2 4 1 5 3 6 2 0 4 8 xxxx 1 6 0 0 f f 1 6 0 1 3 f 1 6 0 1 b f 1 6 0 2 3 f 1 6 0 2 b f 1 6 0 3 3 f 1 6 0 3 b f 1 6 0 4 3 f 1 6 0 6 3 f 1 6 0 8 3 f 1 6 4096 8192 12288 16384 20480 24576 28672 32768 36864 40960 45056 49152 53248 57344 61440 f000 16 e000 16 d000 16 c000 16 b000 16 a000 16 9000 16 8000 16 7000 16 6000 16 5000 16 4000 16 3000 16 2000 16 1000 16 f080 16 e080 16 d080 16 c080 16 b080 16 a080 16 9080 16 8080 16 7080 16 6080 16 5080 16 4080 16 3080 16 2080 16 1080 16 y y y y 1 6 zzzz 1 6 ram rom 0ff0 16 0 f f f 1 6 sfr area n o t u s e d i n t e r r u p t v e c t o r a r e a rom area r e s e r v e d r o m a r e a ( 1 2 8 b y t e s ) zero page special page r a m a r e a r a m s i z e ( b y t e s ) a d d r e s s x x x x 1 6 r o m s i z e ( b y t e s ) a d d r e s s y y y y 1 6 reserved rom are a a d d r e s s z z z z 1 6 n o t u s e d s f r a r e a ( n o t e ) n o t e : f l a s h m e m o r y v e r s i o n o n l y free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 12 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) fig. 9 memory map of special function register (sfr) 0 0 2 0 1 6 0 0 2 1 1 6 0 0 2 2 1 6 0 0 2 3 1 6 0 0 2 4 1 6 0 0 2 5 1 6 0 0 2 6 1 6 0 0 2 7 1 6 0 0 2 8 1 6 0 0 2 9 1 6 0 0 2 a 1 6 0 0 2 b 1 6 0 0 2 c 1 6 0 0 2 d 1 6 002e 16 002f 16 0 0 3 0 1 6 0 0 3 1 1 6 0032 16 0 0 3 3 1 6 0034 16 0 0 3 5 1 6 0 0 3 6 1 6 0037 16 0 0 3 8 1 6 0039 16 0 0 3 a 1 6 0 0 3 b 1 6 003c 16 0 0 3 d 1 6 003e 16 0 0 3 f 1 6 0 0 0 0 1 6 0 0 0 1 1 6 0 0 0 2 1 6 0 0 0 3 1 6 0 0 0 4 1 6 0 0 0 5 1 6 0 0 0 6 1 6 0 0 0 7 1 6 0 0 0 8 1 6 0 0 0 9 1 6 0 0 0 a 1 6 0 0 0 b 1 6 0 0 0 c 1 6 0 0 0 d 1 6 000e 16 000f 16 0 0 1 0 1 6 0 0 1 1 1 6 0012 16 0 0 1 3 1 6 0014 16 0 0 1 5 1 6 0 0 1 6 1 6 0017 16 0 0 1 8 1 6 0019 16 0 0 1 a 1 6 0 0 1 b 1 6 001c 16 0 0 1 d 1 6 001e 16 0 0 1 f 1 6 p o r t p 0 ( p 0 ) p o r t p 0 d i r e c t i o n r e g i s t e r ( p 0 d ) p o r t p 1 ( p 1 ) p o r t p 1 d i r e c t i o n r e g i s t e r ( p 1 d ) p o r t p 2 ( p 2 ) p o r t p 2 d i r e c t i o n r e g i s t e r ( p 2 d ) port p3 (p3) p o r t p 3 d i r e c t i o n r e g i s t e r ( p 3 d ) p o r t p 4 ( p 4 ) p o r t p 4 d i r e c t i o n r e g i s t e r ( p 4 d ) t r a n s m i t / r e c e i v e b u f f e r r e g i s t e r ( t b / r b ) s e r i a l i / o 1 s t a t u s r e g i s t e r ( s i o s t s ) serial i/o1 control register (siocon) uart control register (uartcon) b a u d r a t e g e n e r a t o r ( b r g ) interrupt control register 2 (icon2) a-d conversion low-order register (adl) prescaler y (prey) timer y (ty) a-d control register (adcon) a-d conversion high-order register (adh) interrupt edge selection register (intedge) cpu mode register (cpum) interrupt request register 1 (ireq1) interrupt request register 2 (ireq2) interrupt control register 1 (icon1) prescaler 12 (pre12) timer 2 (t2) prescaler x (prex) timer x (tx) timer 1 (t1) timer xy mode register (tm) i 2 c data shift register (s0) misrg watchdog timer control register (wdtcon) pwm control register (pwmcon) pwm prescaler (prepwm) p w m r e g i s t e r ( p w m ) timer count source selection register (tcss) serial i/o2 control register 1 (sio2con1) serial i/o2 control register 2 (sio2con2) serial i/o2 register (sio2) ? reserved : do not write any data to this addresses, because these areas are reserved. i 2 c address register (s0d) i 2 c status register (s1) i 2 c control register (s1d) i 2 c clock control register (s2) i 2 c start/stop condition control register (s2d) reserved ? reserved ? r e s e r v e d ? r e s e r v e d ? reserved ? 0ffd 16 flash memory control register 1 (fmcr) 0 f f e 1 6 0 f f f 1 6 r e s e r v e d r e s e r v e d free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 13 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) i/o ports the i/o ports have direction registers which determine the input/ output direction of each individual pin. each bit in a direction register corresponds to one pin, and each pin can be set to be input port or output port. when 0 is written to the bit corresponding to a pin, that pin becomes an input pin. when 1 is written to that bit, that pin becomes an output pin. if data is read from a pin which is set to output, the value of the port output latch is read, not the value of the pin itself. pins set to input are floating. if a pin set to input is written to, only the port output latch is written to and the pin remains floating. pin name input/output i/o structure non-port function table 7 i/o port function related sfrs port p0 port p1 p0 0 /s in2 p0 1 /s out2 p0 2 /s clk2 p0 3 /s rdy2 p0 4 p0 7 p1 0 p1 7 p2 0 /x cout p2 1 /x cin p2 2 /sda 1 p2 3 /scl 1 p2 4 /sda 2 /rxd p2 5 /scl 2 /txd p2 6 /s clk1 p2 7 /cntr 0 /s rdy1 p3 0 /an 0 p3 4 /an 4 p4 0 /cntr 1 p4 1 /int 0 p4 2 /int 1 p4 3 /int 2 /s cmp2 p4 4 /int 3 /pwm cmos compatible input level cmos 3-state output serial i/o2 control register serial i/o2 function i/o cpu mode register cmos compatible input level cmos/smbus input level (when selecting i 2 c- bus interface function) cmos 3-state output n-channel open-drain output (when selecting i 2 c- bus interface function) input/output, individual bits ref.no. (5) (1) (2) (3) (4) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (17) cmos compatible input level cmos/smbus input level (when selecting i 2 c- bus interface function) n-channel open-drain output (12) (13) (14) sub-clock generating circuit i 2 c-bus interface function i/o i 2 c-bus interface function i/o serial i/o1 function i/o serial i/o1 function i/o serial i/o1 function i/o timer x function i/o a-d conversion input timer y function i/o external interrupt input external interrupt input s cmp2 output external interrupt input pwm output port p2 port p3 port p4 cmos compatible input level cmos 3-state output i 2 c control register i 2 c control register serial i/o1 control register serial i/o1 control register serial i/o1 control register timer xy mode register a-d control register timer xy mode register interrupt edge selection register interrupt edge selection register serial i/o2 control register (15) (16) (18) note: when reading bit 5, 6, or 7 of ports p3 and p4, the contents are undefined. interrupt edge selection register pwm control register free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 14 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) fig. 10 port block diagram (1) port latch (1) port p0 0 (2) port p0 1 p0 1 /s out2 p-channel output disable bit p0 2 /s clk2 p-channel output disable bit direction register port latch direction register port latch direction register port latch direction register direction register port latch direction register port latch direction register port latch data bus data bus data bus data bus data bus data bus serial i/o2 input serial i/o2 output serial i/o2 transmit completion signal serial i/o2 port selection bit (3) port p0 2 serial i/o2 synchronous clock selection bit serial i/o2 port selection bit serial i/o2 clock output serial i/o2 external clock input (4) port p0 3 serial i/o2 ready output s rdy2 output enable bit (5) ports p0 4 -p0 7, p1 (6) port p2 0 port x c switch bit oscillator port x c switch bit port p2 1 (7) port p2 1 port x c switch bit data bus sub-clock generating circuit input (8) port p2 2 i 2 c-bus interface enable bit sda/scl pin selection bit sda output sda input direction register port latch data bus free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 15 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) fig. 11 port block diagram (2) (9) port p2 3 port latch direction register data bus port latch direction register data bus port latch direction register data bus port latch direction register data bus port latch direction register data bus (12) port p2 6 serial i/o1 synchronous clock selection bit serial i/o1 enable bit serial i/o1 enable bit serial i/o1 mode selection bit serial i/o1 clock output serial i/o1 external clock input (14) ports p3 0 -p3 4 a-d converter input analog input pin selection bit (16) ports p4 1 ,p4 2 interrupt input (11) port p2 5 (13) port p2 7 serial i/o1 enable bit serial i/o1 mode selection bit pulse output mode s rdy1 output enable bit timer output cntr 0 interrupt input serial i/o1 ready output pulse output mode (15) port p4 0 timer output cntr 1 interrupt in p ut pulse output mode (10) port p2 4 scl input i 2 c-bus interface enable bit sda/scl pin selection bit serial i/o1 enable bit receive enable bit sda input sda output serial i/o1 output scl input scl output p-channel output disable bit serial i/o1 enable bit transmit enable bit direction register port latch data bus port latch port latch direction register direction register data bus data bus scl output serial i/o1 input i 2 c-bus interface enable bit sda/scl pin selection bit i 2 c-bus interface enable bit sda/scl pin selection bit free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 16 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) fig. 12 port block diagram (3) ( 1 8 ) p o r t p 4 4 p w m o u t p u t data bus pwm output enable bi t p o r t l a t c h d i r e c t i o n r e g i s t e r p o r t l a t c h d i r e c t i o n r e g i s t e r d a t a b u s (17) port p4 3 i n t e r r u p t i n p u t s e r i a l i / o 2 i / o c o m p a r i s o n s i g n a l c o n t r o l b i t s e r i a l i / o 2 i / o c o m p a r i s o n s i g n a l o u t p u t i n t e r r u p t i n p u t free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 17 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) interrupts interrupts occur by 17 : seven external, nine internal, and one soft- ware. interrupt control each interrupt is controlled by an interrupt request bit, an interrupt enable bit, and the interrupt disable flag except for the software in- terrupt set by the brk instruction. an interrupt occurs if the corresponding interrupt request and enable bits are 1 and the in- terrupt disable flag is 0 . interrupt enable bits can be set or cleared by software. interrupt request bits can be cleared by software, but cannot be set by software. the brk instruction cannot be disabled with any flag or bit. the i (interrupt disable) flag disables all interrupts except the brk in- struction interrupt. when several interrupts occur at the same time, the interrupts are received according to priority. interrupt operation by acceptance of an interrupt, the following operations are auto- matically performed: 1. the contents of the program counter and the processor status register are automatically pushed onto the stack. 2. the interrupt disable flag is set and the corresponding interrupt request bit is cleared. 3. the interrupt jump destination address is read from the vector table into the program counter. notes when setting the followings, the interrupt request bit may be set to 1 . when setting external interrupt active edge related register: interrupt edge selection register (address 003a 16 ) timer xy mode register (address 0023 16 ) when switching interrupt sources of an interrupt vector address where two or more interrupt sources are allocated related register: interrupt edge selection register (address 003a 16 ) when not requiring for the interrupt occurrence synchronized with these setting, take the following sequence. (1) set the corresponding interrupt enable bit to 0 (disabled). (2) set the interrupt edge select bit or the interrupt source select bit. (3) set the corresponding interrupt request bit to 0 after 1 or more instructions have been executed. (4) set the corresponding interrupt enable bit to 1 (enabled). free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 18 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) interrupt request generating conditions remarks interrupt source low fffc 16 high fffd 16 priority 1 table 8 interrupt vector addresses and priority notes 1: vector addresses contain interrupt jump destination addresses. 2: reset function in the same way as an interrupt with the highest priority. vector addresses (note 1) reset (note 2) int 0 scl, sda int 1 int 2 int 3 serial i/o2 i 2 c timer x timer y timer 1 timer 2 serial i/o1 reception serial i/o1 transmission cntr 0 cntr 1 a-d converter brk instruction at reset at detection of either rising or falling edge of int 0 input at detection of either rising or falling edge of int 1 input at detection of either rising or falling edge of int 2 input at detection of either rising or falling edge of int 3 input at completion of serial i/o2 data reception/transmission at completion of data transfer at completion of serial i/o1 data reception at completion of serial i/o1 transfer shift or when transmis- sion buffer is empty at timer x underflow at timer y underflow at timer 1 underflow at timer 2 underflow non-maskable external interrupt (active edge selectable) external interrupt (active edge selectable) stp release timer underflow at detection of either rising or falling edge of scl or sda input at detection of either rising or falling edge of cntr 0 input at detection of either rising or falling edge of cntr 1 input at completion of a-d conversion at brk instruction execution external interrupt (active edge selectable) external interrupt (active edge selectable) external interrupt (active edge selectable) switch by serial i/o2/int 3 interrupt source bit fffa 16 fff8 16 fff6 16 fff4 16 fff2 16 fff0 16 ffee 16 ffec 16 ffea 16 ffe8 16 ffe6 16 ffe4 16 ffe2 16 ffe0 16 ffde 16 fffb 16 fff9 16 fff7 16 fff5 16 fff3 16 fff1 16 ffef 16 ffed 16 ffeb 16 ffe9 16 ffe7 16 ffe5 16 ffe3 16 ffe1 16 ffdf 16 ffdc 16 ffdd 16 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 valid when serial i/o is selected valid when serial i/o is selected external interrupt (active edge selectable) external interrupt (active edge selectable) non-maskable software interrupt free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 19 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) fig. 13 interrupt control fig. 14 structure of interrupt-related registers i n t e r r u p t d i s a b l e f l a g ( i ) i n t e r r u p t r e q u e s t i n t e r r u p t r e q u e s t b i t i n t e r r u p t e n a b l e b i t b r k i n s t r u c t i o n r e s e t b 7 b 0 b7 b0 b7 b0 b 7 b 0 b 7 b 0 i n t e r r u p t e d g e s e l e c t i o n r e g i s t e r int 0 active edge selection bit int 1 active edge selection bit int 2 active edge selection bit int 3 active edge selection bit serial i/o2 / int 3 interrupt source bit 0 : int 3 interrupt selected 1 : serial i/o2 interrupt selected not used (returns 0 when read) ( i n t e d g e : a d d r e s s 0 0 3 a 1 6 ) 0 : falling edge active 1 : rising edge active interrupt request register 1 i n t 0 i n t e r r u p t r e q u e s t b i t s c l / s d a i n t e r r u p t r e q u e s t b i t i n t 1 i n t e r r u p t r e q u e s t b i t i n t 2 i n t e r r u p t r e q u e s t b i t i n t 3 / s e r i a l i / o 2 i n t e r r u p t r e q u e s t b i t i 2 c i n t e r r u p t r e q u e s t b i t t i m e r x i n t e r r u p t r e q u e s t b i t t i m e r y i n t e r r u p t r e q u e s t b i t 0 : no interrupt request issued 1 : interrupt request issued ( i r e q 1 : a d d r e s s 0 0 3 c 1 6 ) i n t e r r u p t r e q u e s t r e g i s t e r 2 t i m e r 1 i n t e r r u p t r e q u e s t b i t t i m e r 2 i n t e r r u p t r e q u e s t b i t s e r i a l i / o 1 r e c e p t i o n i n t e r r u p t r e q u e s t b i t s e r i a l i / o 1 t r a n s m i t i n t e r r u p t r e q u e s t b i t c n t r 0 i n t e r r u p t r e q u e s t b i t c n t r 1 i n t e r r u p t r e q u e s t b i t a d c o n v e r t e r i n t e r r u p t r e q u e s t b i t n o t u s e d ( r e t u r n s 0 w h e n r e a d ) (ireq2 : address 003d 16 ) 0 : no interrupt request issued 1 : interrupt request issued interrupt control register 1 i n t 0 i n t e r r u p t e n a b l e b i t s c l / s d a i n t e r r u p t e n a b l e b i t i n t 1 i n t e r r u p t e n a b l e b i t i n t 2 i n t e r r u p t e n a b l e b i t i n t 3 / s e r i a l i / o 2 i n t e r r u p t e n a b l e b i t i 2 c i n t e r r u p t e n a b l e b i t t i m e r x i n t e r r u p t e n a b l e b i t t i m e r y i n t e r r u p t e n a b l e b i t ( i c o n 1 : a d d r e s s 0 0 3 e 1 6 ) interrupt control register 2 timer 1 interrupt enable bit timer 2 interrupt enable bit serial i/o1 reception interrupt enable bit serial i/o1 transmit interrupt enable bit cntr 0 interrupt enable bit cntr 1 interrupt enable bit ad converter interrupt enable bit not used (returns 0 when read) (do not write 1 to this bit.) 0 : interrupts disabled 1 : interrupts enabled (icon2 : address 003f 16 ) 0 : i n t e r r u p t s d i s a b l e d 1 : i n t e r r u p t s e n a b l e d free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 20 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) timers the 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) has four timers: timer x, timer y, timer 1, and timer 2. the division ratio of each timer or prescaler is given by 1/(n + 1), where n is the value in the corresponding timer or prescaler latch. all timers are count down. when the timer reaches 00 16 , an un- derflow occurs at the next count pulse and the corresponding timer latch is reloaded into the timer and the count is continued. when a timer underflows, the interrupt request bit corresponding to that timer is set to 1 . timer x and timer y timer x and timer y can each select in one of four operating modes by setting the timer xy mode register. (1) timer mode the timer counts the count source selected by timer count source selection bit. (2) pulse output mode the timer counts the count source selected by timer count source selection bit. whenever the contents of the timer reach 00 16 , the signal output from the cntr 0 (or cntr 1 ) pin is inverted. if the cntr 0 (or cntr 1 ) active edge selection bit is 0 , output begins at h . if it is 1 , output starts at l . when using a timer in this mode, set the corresponding port p2 7 ( or port p4 0 ) direction register to out- put mode. (3) event counter mode operation in event counter mode is the same as in timer mode, except that the timer counts signals input through the cntr 0 or cntr 1 pin. when the cntr 0 (or cntr 1 ) active edge selection bit is 0 , the rising edge of the cntr 0 (or cntr 1 ) pin is counted. when the cntr 0 (or cntr 1 ) active edge selection bit is 1 , the falling edge of the cntr 0 (or cntr 1 ) pin is counted. (4) pulse width measurement mode if the cntr 0 (or cntr 1 ) active edge selection bit is 0 , the timer counts the selected signals by the count source selection bit while the cntr 0 (or cntr 1 ) pin is at h . if the cntr 0 (or cntr 1 ) ac- tive edge selection bit is 1 , the timer counts it while the cntr 0 (or cntr 1 ) pin is at l . the count can be stopped by setting 1 to the timer x (or timer y) count stop bit in any mode. the corresponding interrupt request bit is set each time a timer underflows. fig. 15 structure of timer xy mode register note when switching the count source by the timer 12, x and y count source bits, the value of timer count is altered in unconsiderable amount owing to generating of a thin pulses in the count input signals. therefore, select the timer count source before set the value to the prescaler and the timer. when timer x/timer y underflow while executing the instruction which sets 1 to the timer x/timer y count stop bits, the timer x/ timer y interrupt request bits are set to 1 . timer x/timer y in- terrupts are received if these interrupts are enabled at this time. the timing which interrupt is accepted has a case after the in- struction which sets 1 to the count stop bit, and a case after the next instruction according to the timing of the timer under- flow. when this interrupt is unnecessary, set 0 (disabled) to the interrupt enable bit and then set 1 to the count stop bit. fig. 16 structure of timer count source selection register timer 1 and timer 2 the count source of prescaler 12 is the oscillation frequency which is selected by timer 12 count source selection bit. the out- put of prescaler 12 is counted by timer 1 and timer 2, and a timer underflow sets the interrupt request bit. t i m e r x c o u n t s t o p b i t 0 : c o u n t s t a r t 1 : c o u n t s t o p timer xy mode register (tm : address 0023 16 ) t i m e r y o p e r a t i n g m o d e b i t s 0 0 : t i m e r m o d e 0 1 : p u l s e o u t p u t m o d e 1 0 : e v e n t c o u n t e r m o d e 1 1 : p u l s e w i d t h m e a s u r e m e n t m o d e cntr 1 active edge selection bit 0: interrupt at falling edge count at rising edge in event counter mode 1: interrupt at rising edge count at falling edge in event counter mode b 7 c n t r 0 a c t i v e e d g e s e l e c t i o n b i t 0 : i n t e r r u p t a t f a l l i n g e d g e c o u n t a t r i s i n g e d g e i n e v e n t c o u n t e r m o d e 1 : i n t e r r u p t a t r i s i n g e d g e c o u n t a t f a l l i n g e d g e i n e v e n t c o u n t e r m o d e b 0 timer x operating mode bits 0 0: timer mode 0 1: pulse output mode 1 0: event counter mode 1 1: pulse width measurement mode b1b0 b5b4 t i m e r y c o u n t s t o p b i t 0 : c o u n t s t a r t 1 : c o u n t s t o p t i m e r c o u n t s o u r c e s e l e c t i o n r e g i s t e r ( t c s s : a d d r e s s 0 0 2 8 1 6 ) b 7 b 0 t i m e r x c o u n t s o u r c e s e l e c t i o n b i t 0 : f ( x i n ) / 1 6 ( f ( x c i n ) / 1 6 a t l o w - s p e e d m o d e ) 1 : f ( x i n ) / 2 ( f ( x c i n ) / 2 a t l o w - s p e e d m o d e ) t i m e r y c o u n t s o u r c e s e l e c t i o n b i t 0 : f ( x i n ) / 1 6 ( f ( x c i n ) / 1 6 a t l o w - s p e e d m o d e ) 1 : f ( x i n ) / 2 ( f ( x c i n ) / 2 a t l o w - s p e e d m o d e ) t i m e r 1 2 c o u n t s o u r c e s e l e c t i o n b i t 0 : f ( x i n ) / 1 6 ( f ( x c i n ) / 1 6 a t l o w - s p e e d m o d e ) 1 : f ( x c i n ) n o t u s e d ( r e t u r n s 0 w h e n r e a d ) free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 21 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) fig. 17 block diagram of timer x, timer y, timer 1, and timer 2 q q 1 0 p 2 7 / c n t r 0 / s r d y 1 q q p4 0 /cntr 1 0 1 r r 1 0 0 1 t t p r e s c a l e r x l a t c h ( 8 ) prescaler x (8) timer x latch (8) t i m e r x ( 8 ) t o t i m e r x i n t e r r u p t r e q u e s t b i t toggle flip-flop timer x count stop bit p u l s e w i d t h m e a s u r e m e n t m o d e event counter mode t o c n t r 0 i n t e r r u p t r e q u e s t b i t pulse output mode p o r t p 2 7 l a t c h port p2 7 direction register cntr 0 active edge selection bit timer x latch write pulse pulse output mode t i m e r m o d e p u l s e o u t p u t m o d e prescaler y latch (8) prescaler y (8) timer y latch (8) timer y (8) t o t i m e r y i n t e r r u p t r e q u e s t b i t t o g g l e f l i p - f l o p t i m e r y c o u n t s t o p b i t to cntr 1 interrupt request bit p u l s e o u t p u t m o d e p o r t p 4 0 l a t c h port p4 0 direction register c n t r 1 a c t i v e e d g e s e l e c t i o n b i t t i m e r y l a t c h w r i t e p u l s e p u l s e o u t p u t m o d e timer mode pulse output mod e data bus d a t a b u s prescaler 12 latch (8) prescaler 12 (8) timer 1 latch (8) t i m e r 1 ( 8 ) d a t a b u s timer 2 latch (8) t i m e r 2 ( 8 ) to timer 2 interrupt request bit t o t i m e r 1 i n t e r r u p t r e q u e s t b i t c n t r 0 a c t i v e e d g e s e l e c t i o n b i t c n t r 1 a c t i v e e d g e s e l e c t i o n b i t p u l s e w i d t h m e a s u r e - m e n t m o d e event counter mode f(x cin ) t i m e r 1 2 c o u n t s o u r c e s e l e c t i o n b i t f(x in )/16 f(x in )/2 timer y count source selection bit f(x in )/16 f ( x i n ) / 2 t i m e r x c o u n t s o u r c e s e l e c t i o n b i t f ( x i n ) / 1 6 ( f ( x c i n ) / 1 6 a t l o w - s p e e d m o d e ) ( f ( x c i n ) / 2 a t l o w - s p e e d m o d e ) (f(x cin )/16 at low-speed mode) (f(x cin )/2 at low-speed mode) ( f ( x c i n ) / 1 6 a t l o w - s p e e d m o d e ) free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 22 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) serial i/o serial i/o1 serial i/o1 can be used as either clock synchronous or asynchro- nous (uart) serial i/o. a dedicated timer is also provided for baud rate generation. (1) clock synchronous serial i/o mode clock synchronous serial i/o mode can be selected by setting the serial i/o1 mode selection bit of the serial i/o1 control register (bit 6 of address 001a 16 ) to 1 . for clock synchronous serial i/o, the transmitter and the receiver must use the same clock. if an internal clock is used, transfer is started by a write signal to the tb/rb. fig. 18 block diagram of clock synchronous serial i/o1 fig. 19 operation of clock synchronous serial i/o1 function 1/4 1/4 f/f p2 6 /s clk1 serial i/o1 status register serial i/o1 control register p2 7 /cntr 0 /s rdy1 p2 4 /r x d p2 5 /t x d x in receive buffer register address 0018 16 receive shift register receive buffer full flag (rbf) receive interrupt request (ri) clock control circuit shift clock serial i/o1 synchronous clock selection bit frequency division ratio 1/(n+1) baud rate generator address 001c 16 brg count source selection bit clock control circuit falling-edge detector transmit buffer register data bus address 0018 16 shift clock transmit shift completion flag (tsc) transmit buffer empty flag (tbe) transmit interrupt request (ti) transmit interrupt source selection bit address 0019 16 data bus address 001a 16 transmit shift register d 7 d 7 d 0 d 1 d 2 d 3 d 4 d 5 d 6 d 0 d 1 d 2 d 3 d 4 d 5 d 6 rbf = 1 tsc = 1 tbe = 0 tbe = 1 tsc = 0 transfer shift clock (1/2 to 1/2048 of the internal clock, or an external clock) serial output txd serial input rxd write pulse to receive/transmit buffer register (address 0018 16 ) overrun error (oe) detection notes 1: as the transmit interrupt (ti), either when the transmit buffer has emptied (tbe=1) or after the transmit shift operation has ended (tsc=1), by setting the transmit interrupt source selection bit (tic) of the serial i/o1 control register. 2: if data is written to the transmit buffer register when tsc=0, the transmit clock is generated continuously and serial data is output continuously from the txd pin. 3: the receive interrupt (ri) is set when the receive buffer full flag (rbf) becomes 1 . receive enable signal s rdy1 free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 23 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) (2) asynchronous serial i/o (uart) mode clock asynchronous serial i/o mode (uart) can be selected by clearing the serial i/o1 mode selection bit (b6) of the serial i/o1 control register to 0 . eight serial data transfer formats can be selected, and the transfer formats used by a transmitter and receiver must be identical. the transmit and receive shift registers each have a buffer, but the two buffers have the same address in memory. since the shift reg- ister cannot be written to or read from directly, transmit data is written to the transmit buffer register, and receive data is read from the receive buffer register. the transmit buffer register can also hold the next data to be transmitted, and the receive buffer register can hold a character while the next character is being received. fig. 20 block diagram of uart serial i/o1 x in 1/4 oe pe fe 1/16 1/16 data bus receive buffer register address 0018 16 receive shift register receive buffer full flag (rbf) receive interrupt request (ri) baud rate generator frequency division ratio 1/(n+1) address 001c 16 st/sp/pa generator transmit buffer register data bus transmit shift register address 0018 16 transmit shift completion flag (tsc) transmit buffer empty flag (tbe) transmit interrupt request (ti) address 0019 16 st detector sp detector uart control register address 001b 16 character length selection bit address 001a 16 brg count source selection bit transmit interrupt source selection bit serial i/o1 synchronous clock selection bit clock control circuit character length selection bit 7 bits 8 bits serial i/o1 control register p2 6 /s clk1 serial i/o1 status register p2 4 /r x d p2 5 /t x d free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 24 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) fig. 21 operation of uart serial i/o1 function [transmit buffer register/receive buffer register (tb/rb)] 0018 16 the transmit buffer register and the receive buffer register are lo- cated at the same address. the transmit buffer is write-only and the receive buffer is read-only. if a character bit length is 7 bits, the msb of data stored in the receive buffer is 0 . [serial i/o1 status register (siosts)] 0019 16 the read-only serial i/o1 status register consists of seven flags (bits 0 to 6) which indicate the operating status of the serial i/o1 function and various errors. three of the flags (bits 4 to 6) are valid only in uart mode. the receive buffer full flag (bit 1) is cleared to 0 when the receive buffer register is read. if there is an error, it is detected at the same time that data is transferred from the receive shift register to the receive buffer reg- ister, and the receive buffer full flag is set. a write to the serial i/o1 status register clears all the error flags oe, pe, fe, and se (bit 3 to bit 6, respectively). writing 0 to the serial i/o1 enable bit sioe (bit 7 of the serial i/o1 control register) also clears all the status flags, including the error flags. bits 0 to 6 of the serial i/o1 status register are initialized to 0 at reset, but if the transmit enable bit (bit 4) of the serial i/o1 control register has been set to 1 , the transmit shift completion flag (bit 2) and the transmit buffer empty flag (bit 0) become 1 . [serial i/o1 control register (siocon)] 001a 16 the serial i/o1 control register consists of eight control bits for the serial i/o1 function. [uart control register (uartcon)] 001b 16 the uart control register consists of four control bits (bits 0 to 3) which are valid when asynchronous serial i/o is selected and set the data format of an data transfer and one bit (bit 4) which is al- ways valid and sets the output structure of the p2 5 /t x d pin. [baud rate generator (brg)] 001c 16 the baud rate generator determines the baud rate for serial trans- fer. the baud rate generator divides the frequency of the count source by 1/(n + 1), where n is the value written to the baud rate genera- tor. tsc=0 tbe=1 rbf=0 tbe=0 tbe=0 rbf=1 rbf=1 st d 0 d 1 sp d 0 d 1 st sp tbe=1 tsc=1 st d 0 d 1 sp d 0 d 1 st sp transmit or receive clock transmit buffer write signal generated at 2nd bit in 2-stop-bit mode 1 start bit 7 or 8 data bit 1 or 0 parity bit 1 or 2 stop bit (s) 1: error flag detection occurs at the same time that the rbf flag becomes 1 (at 1st stop bit, during reception). 2: as the transmit interrupt (ti), when either the tbe or tsc flag becomes 1 , can be selected to occur depending on the setting of the transmit interrupt source selection bit (tic) of the serial i/o1 control register. 3: the receive interrupt (ri) is set when the rbf flag becomes 1 . 4: after data is written to the transmit buffer when tsc=1, 0.5 to 1.5 cycles of the data shift cycle is necessary until changing to tsc=0. notes serial output t x d serial input r x d receive buffer read signal free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 25 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) notes on serial i/o1 1. when using the serial i/o1, clear the i 2 c-bus interface enable bit to 0 or the sda/scl interrupt pin selection bit to 0 . 2. when setting the transmit enable bit of serial i/o1 to 1 , the serial i/o1 transmit interrupt request bit is automatically set to 1 . when not requiring the interrupt occurrence synchronized with the transmission enabled, take the following sequence. (1) set the serial i/o1 transmit interrupt enable bit to 0 (dis- abled). (2) set the transmit enable bit to 1 . (3) set the serial i/o1 transmit interrupt request bit to 0 after 1 or more instructions have been executed. (4) set the serial i/o1 transmit interrupt enable bit to 1 (en- abled). fig. 22 structure of serial i/o1 control registers b 7 t r a n s m i t b u f f e r e m p t y f l a g ( t b e ) 0 : b u f f e r f u l l 1 : b u f f e r e m p t y r e c e i v e b u f f e r f u l l f l a g ( r b f ) 0 : b u f f e r e m p t y 1 : b u f f e r f u l l t r a n s m i t s h i f t c o m p l e t i o n f l a g ( t s c ) 0 : t r a n s m i t s h i f t i n p r o g r e s s 1 : t r a n s m i t s h i f t c o m p l e t e d o v e r r u n e r r o r f l a g ( o e ) 0 : n o e r r o r 1 : o v e r r u n e r r o r p a r i t y e r r o r f l a g ( p e ) 0 : n o e r r o r 1 : p a r i t y e r r o r f r a m i n g e r r o r f l a g ( f e ) 0 : n o e r r o r 1 : f r a m i n g e r r o r s u m m i n g e r r o r f l a g ( s e ) 0 : ( o e ) u ( p e ) u ( f e ) = 0 1 : ( o e ) u ( p e ) u ( f e ) = 1 n o t u s e d ( r e t u r n s 1 w h e n r e a d ) s e r i a l i / o 1 s t a t u s r e g i s t e r serial i/o1 control register b 7 b 0 b 0 brg count source selection bit (css) 0: f(x in ) 1: f(x in )/4 serial i/o1 synchronous clock selection bit (scs) 0: brg output divided by 4 when clock synchronous serial i/o1 is selected, brg output divided by 16 when uart is selected. 1: external clock input when clock synchronous serial i/o1 is selected, external clock input divided by 16 when uart is selected. s rdy1 output enable bit (srdy) 0: p2 7 pin operates as ordinary i/o pin 1: p2 7 pin operates as s rdy1 output pin transmit interrupt source selection bit (tic) 0: interrupt when transmit buffer has emptied 1: interrupt when transmit shift operation is completed transmit enable bit (te) 0: transmit disabled 1: transmit enabled receive enable bit (re) 0: receive disabled 1: receive enabled serial i/o1 mode selection bit (siom) 0: clock asynchronous (uart) serial i/o 1: clock synchronous serial i/o serial i/o1 enable bit (sioe) 0: serial i/o1 disabled (pins p2 4 to p2 7 operate as ordinary i/o pins) 1: serial i/o1 enabled (pins p2 4 to p2 7 operate as serial i/o1 pins) b 7 u a r t c o n t r o l r e g i s t e r c h a r a c t e r l e n g t h s e l e c t i o n b i t ( c h a s ) 0 : 8 b i t s 1 : 7 b i t s p a r i t y e n a b l e b i t ( p a r e ) 0 : p a r i t y c h e c k i n g d i s a b l e d 1 : p a r i t y c h e c k i n g e n a b l e d p a r i t y s e l e c t i o n b i t ( p a r s ) 0 : e v e n p a r i t y 1 : o d d p a r i t y s t o p b i t l e n g t h s e l e c t i o n b i t ( s t p s ) 0 : 1 s t o p b i t 1 : 2 s t o p b i t s p 2 5 / t x d p - c h a n n e l o u t p u t d i s a b l e b i t ( p o f f ) 0 : c m o s o u t p u t ( i n o u t p u t m o d e ) 1 : n - c h a n n e l o p e n d r a i n o u t p u t ( i n o u t p u t m o d e ) n o t u s e d ( r e t u r n 1 w h e n r e a d ) b 0 (siosts : address 0019 16 ) (siocon : address 001a 16 ) ( u a r t c o n : a d d r e s s 0 0 1 b 1 6 ) free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 26 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) serial i/o2 the serial i/o2 can be operated only as the clock synchronous type. as a synchronous clock for serial transfer, either internal clock or external clock can be selected by the serial i/o2 synchronous clock selection bit (b6) of serial i/o2 control register 1. the internal clock incorporates a dedicated divider and permits se- lecting 6 types of clock by the internal synchronous clock selection bits (b2, b1, b0) of serial i/o2 control register 1. regarding s out2 and s clk2 being output pins, either cmos output format or n-channel open-drain output format can be selected by the p0 1 /s out2 , p0 2 /s clk2 p-channel output disable bit (b7) of serial i/o2 control register 1. when the internal clock has been selected, a transfer starts by a write signal to the serial i/o2 register (address 0017 16 ). after comple- tion of data transfer, the level of the s out2 pin goes to high imped- ance automatically but bit 7 of the serial i/o2 control register 2 is not set to 1 automatically. when the external clock has been selected, the contents of the serial i/o2 register is continuously sifted while transfer clocks are input. accordingly, control the clock externally. note that the s out2 pin does not go to high impedance after completion of data transfer. to cause the s out2 pin to go to high impedance in the case where the external clock is selected, set bit 7 of the serial i/o2 control reg- ister 2 to 1 when s clk2 is h after completion of data transfer. after the next data transfer is started (the transfer clock falls), bit 7 of the serial i/o2 control register 2 is set to 0 and the s out2 pin is put into the active state. regardless of the internal clock to external clock, the interrupt re- quest bit is set after the number of bits (1 to 8 bits) selected by the optional transfer bit is transferred. in case of a fractional number of bits less than 8 bits as the last data, the received data to be stored in the serial i/o2 register becomes a fractional number of bits close to msb if the transfer direction selection bit of serial i/o2 control regis- ter 1 is lsb first, or a fractional number of bits close to lsb if the transfer direction selection bit is msb first. for the remaining bits, the previously received data is shifted. at transmit operation using the clock synchronous serial i/o, the s cmp2 signal can be output by comparing the state of the transmit pin s out2 with the state of the receive pin s in2 in synchronization with a rise of the transfer clock. if the output level of the s out2 pin is equal to the input level to the s in2 pin, l is output from the s cmp2 pin. if not, h is output. at this time, an int 2 interrupt request can also be gener- ated. select a valid edge by bit 2 of the interrupt edge selection reg- ister (address 003a 16 ). [serial i/o2 control registers 1, 2 (sio2con1 / sio2con2)] 0015 16, 0016 16 the serial i/o2 control registers 1 and 2 are containing various se- lection bits for serial i/o2 control as shown in figure 23. fig. 23 structure of serial i/o2 control registers 1, 2 s e r i a l i / o 2 c o n t r o l r e g i s t e r 1 ( s i o 2 c o n 1 : a d d r e s s 0 0 1 5 1 6 ) s e r i a l i / o 2 c o n t r o l r e g i s t e r 2 ( s i o 2 c o n 2 : a d d r e s s 0 0 1 6 1 6 ) b7 b0 optional transfer bits b2 b1 b0 0 0 0: 1 bit 0 0 1: 2 bit 0 1 0: 3 bit 0 1 1: 4 bit 1 0 0: 5 bit 1 0 1: 6 bit 1 1 0: 7 bit 1 1 1: 8 bit not used ( returns "0" when read) serial i/o2 i/o comparison signal control bit 0: p4 3 i/o 1: s cmp2 output s out2 pin control bit (p0 1 ) 0: output active 1: output high-impedance i n t e r n a l s y n c h r o n o u s c l o c k s e l e c t i o n b i t s b 2 b 1 b 0 0 0 0 : f ( x i n ) / 8 ( f ( x c i n ) / 8 i n l o w - s p e e d m o d e ) 0 0 1 : f ( x i n ) / 1 6 ( f ( x c i n ) / 1 6 i n l o w - s p e e d m o d e ) 0 1 0 : f ( x i n ) / 3 2 ( f ( x c i n ) / 3 2 i n l o w - s p e e d m o d e ) 0 1 1 : f ( x i n ) / 6 4 ( f ( x c i n ) / 6 4 i n l o w - s p e e d m o d e ) 1 1 0 : f ( x i n ) / 1 2 8 f ( x c i n ) / 1 2 8 i n l o w - s p e e d m o d e ) 1 1 1 : f ( x i n ) / 2 5 6 ( f ( x c i n ) / 2 5 6 i n l o w - s p e e d m o d e ) s e r i a l i / o 2 p o r t s e l e c t i o n b i t 0 : i / o p o r t 1 : s o u t 2 , s c l k 2 o u t p u t p i n s r d y 2 o u t p u t e n a b l e b i t 0 : p 0 3 p i n i s n o r m al i / o p i n 1 : p 0 3 p i n i s s r d y 2 o u t p u t p i n t r a n s f e r d i r e c t i o n s e l e c t i o n b i t 0 : l s b f i r s t 1 : m s b f i r s t s e r i a l i / o 2 s y n c h r o n o u s c l o c k s e l e c t i o n b i t 0 : e x t e r n a l c l o c k 1 : i n t e r n a l c l o c k p 0 1 / s o u t 2 , p 0 2 / s c l k 2 p - c h a n n e l o u t p u t d i s a b l e b i t 0 : c m o s o u t p u t ( i n o u t p u t m o d e ) 1 : n - c h a n n e l o p e n - d r a i n o u t p u t ( i n o u t p u t m o d e ) b7 b 0 free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 27 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) fig. 24 block diagram of serial i/o2 fig. 25 timing chart of serial i/o2 d 7 d 0 d 1 d 2 d 3 d 4 d 5 d 6 t r a n s f e r c l o c k ( n o t e 1 ) s e r i a l i / o 2 o u t p u t s o u t 2 s e r i a l i / o 2 i n p u t s i n 2 r e c e i v e e n a b l e s i g n a l s r d y 2 w r i t e - i n s i g n a l t o s e r i a l i / o 2 r e g i s t e r ( n o t e 2 ) s e r i a l i / o 2 i n t e r r u p t r e q u e s t b i t s e t . 1 : w h e n t h e i n t e r n a l c l o c k i s s e l e c t e d a s a t r a n s f e r c l o c k , t h e f ( x i n ) c l o c k d i v i s i o n ( f ( x c i n ) i n l o w - s p e e d m o d e ) c a n b e s e l e c t e d b y s e t t i n g b i t s 0 t o 2 o f s e r i a l i / o 2 c o n t r o l r e g i s t e r 1 . 2 : w h e n t h e i n t e r n a l c l o c k i s s e l e c t e d a s a t r a n s f e r c l o c k , t h e s o u t 2 p i n h a s h i g h i m p e d a n c e a f t e r t r a n s f e r c o m p l e t i o n . n o t e s x in 1 0 0 1 0 1 s rdy2 s clk2 0 1 1/8 1/16 1/32 1/64 1/128 1/256 1 0 x cin 10 00 01 data bus serial i/o2 interrupt request serial i/o2 port selection bit serial i/o counter 2 (3) serial i/o2 register (8) synchronous circuit serial i/o2 port selection bit serial i/o2 synchronous clock selection bit s rdy2 output enable bit external clock internal synchronous clock selection bits divider optional transfer bits (3) p0 2 /s clk2 p0 1 /s out2 p0 0 /s in2 p0 2 latch p0 1 latch p0 3 latch p0 3 /s rdy2 p4 3 /s cmp2 /int 2 serial i/o2 i/o comparison signal control bit p4 3 latch q d main clock division ratio selection bits (note) note: either high-speed, middle-speed or low-speed mode is selected by bits 6 and 7 of cpu mode register. free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 28 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) fig. 26 s cmp2 output operation s c l k 2 s i n 2 s o u t 2 s c m p 2 judgement of i/o data comparison free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 29 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) function in conformity with philips i 2 c-bus standard: 10-bit addressing format 7-bit addressing format high-speed clock mode standard clock mode in conformity with philips i 2 c-bus standard: master transmission master reception slave transmission slave reception 16.1 khz to 400 khz (at = 4 mhz) table 9 multi-master i 2 c-bus interface functions item format communication mode system clock = f(x in )/2 (high-speed mode) = f(x in )/8 (middle-speed mode) multi-master i 2 c-bus interface the multi-master i 2 c-bus interface is a serial communications cir- cuit, conforming to the philips i 2 c-bus data transfer format. this interface, offering both arbitration lost detection and a synchronous functions, is useful for the multi-master serial communications. figure 27 shows a block diagram of the multi-master i 2 c-bus in- terface and table 9 lists the multi-master i 2 c-bus interface functions. this multi-master i 2 c-bus interface consists of the i 2 c address register, the i 2 c data shift register, the i 2 c clock control register, the i 2 c control register, the i 2 c status register, the i 2 c start/stop condition control register and other control circuits. when using the multi-master i 2 c-bus interface, set 1 mhz or more to . note: renesas technology corporation assumes no responsibility for in- fringement of any third-party s rights or originating in the use of the connection control function between the i 2 c-bus interface and the ports scl 1 , scl 2 , sda 1 and sda 2 with the bit 6 of i 2 c control regis- ter (002e 16 ). fig. 27 block diagram of multi-master i 2 c-bus interface ? : purchase of renesas technology corporation's i 2 c components conveys a license under the philips i 2 c patent rights to use these components an i 2 c system, provided that the system conforms to the i 2 c standard specification as defined by philips. scl clock frequency i 2 c address register b7 b0 sad6 sad5 sad4 sad3 sad2 sad1 sad0 rwb noise elimination circuit address comparator b7 i 2 c data shift register b0 data control circuit system clock ( ) interrupt generating circuit interrupt request signal (iicirq) b7 mst trx bb pin al aas ad0 lrb b0 s1 b7 b0 tiss 10bit sad bc2 bc1 bc0 s1d bit counter bb circuit clock control circuit noise elimination circuit b7 b0 ack bit fast mode ccr4 ccr3 ccr2 ccr1 ccr0 internal data bus clock division s 0 s2 s0d al circuit es0 sis i 2 c start/stop condition control register sip ssc4 ssc3 ssc2 ssc1 ssc0 i 2 c clock control register i 2 c status register s2d clk stp i 2 c clock control register s1d i c control register 2 serial data (sda) serial clock (scl) ack als free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 30 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) [i 2 c data shift register (s0)] 002b 16 the i 2 c data shift register (s0 : address 002b 16 ) is an 8-bit shift register to store receive data and write transmit data. when transmit data is written into this register, it is transferred to the outside from bit 7 in synchronization with the scl clock, and each time one-bit data is output, the data of this register are shifted by one bit to the left. when data is received, it is input to this register from bit 0 in synchronization with the scl clock, and each time one-bit data is input, the data of this register are shifted by one bit to the left. the minimum 2 machine cycles are required from the rising of the scl clock until input to this register. the i 2 c data shift register is in a write enable status only when the i 2 c-bus interface enable bit (es0 bit : bit 3 of address 002e 16 ) of the i 2 c control register is 1 . the bit counter is reset by a write in- struction to the i 2 c data shift register. when both the es0 bit and the mst bit of the i 2 c status register (address 002d 16 ) are 1 , the scl is output by a write instruction to the i 2 c data shift register. reading data from the i 2 c data shift register is always enabled re- gardless of the es0 bit value. [i 2 c address register (s0d)] 002c 16 the i 2 c address register (address 002c 16 ) consists of a 7-bit slave address and a read/write bit. in the addressing mode, the slave address written in this register is compared with the address data to be received immediately after the start condition is de- tected. ?it 0: read/write bit (rwb) this is not used in the 7-bit addressing mode. in the 10-bit ad- dressing mode, the first address data to be received is compared with the contents (sad6 to sad0 + rwb) of the i 2 c address reg- ister. the rwb bit is cleared to 0 automatically when the stop condi- tion is detected. ?its 1 to 7: slave address (sad0?ad6) these bits store slave addresses. regardless of the 7-bit address- ing mode and the 10-bit addressing mode, the address data transmitted from the master is compared with the contents of these bits. fig. 28 structure of i 2 c address register s a d 6s a d 5s a d 4 sad3 s a d 2 sad1 sad 0 rwb s l a v e a d d r e s s i 2 c a d d r e s s r e g i s t e r ( s 0 d : a d d r e s s 0 0 2 c 1 6 ) r e a d / w r i t e b i t b7 b 0 free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 31 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) table 10 set values of i 2 c clock control register and scl frequency fig. 29 structure of i 2 c clock control register scl frequency (note 1) (at = 4 mhz, unit : khz) setting value of ccr4 ccr0 standard clock mode setting disabled setting disabled setting disabled high-speed clock mode ccr4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 ccr3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 ccr2 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 ccr1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 ccr0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 setting disabled setting disabled setting disabled 34.5 33.3 32.3 100 83.3 333 250 400 (note 3) 166 (note 2) (note 2) [i 2 c clock control register (s2)] 002f 16 the i 2 c clock control register (address 002f 16 ) is used to set ack control, scl mode and scl frequency. ?its 0 to 4: scl frequency control bits (ccr0?cr4) these bits control the scl frequency. refer to table 10. ?it 5: scl mode specification bit (fast mode) this bit specifies the scl mode. when this bit is set to 0 , the standard clock mode is selected. when the bit is set to 1 , the high-speed clock mode is selected. when connecting the bus of the high-speed mode i 2 c-bus stan- dard (maximum 400 kbits/s), use 8 mhz or more oscillation frequency f(x in ) and 2 division clock. ?it 6: ack bit (ack bit) this bit sets the sda status when an ack clock ? is generated. when this bit is set to 0 , the ack return mode is selected and sda goes to l at the occurrence of an ack clock. when the bit is set to 1 , the ack non-return mode is selected. the sda is held in the h status at the occurrence of an ack clock. however, when the slave address agree with the address data in the reception of address data at ack bit = 0 , the sda is auto- matically made l (ack is returned). if there is a disagreement between the slave address and the address data, the sda is auto- matically made h (ack is not returned). ? ack clock: clock for acknowledgment ?it 7: ack clock bit (ack) this bit specifies the mode of acknowledgment which is an ac- knowledgment response of data transfer. when this bit is set to 0 , the no ack clock mode is selected. in this case, no ack clock occurs after data transmission. when the bit is set to 1 , the ack clock mode is selected and the master generates an ack clock each completion of each 1-byte data transfer. the device for transmitting address data and control data releases the sda at the occurrence of an ack clock (makes sda h ) and receives the ack bit generated by the data receiving device. note: do not write data into the i 2 c clock control register during transfer. if data is written during transfer, the i 2 c clock generator is reset, so that data cannot be transferred normally. ack ack bit fast mode ccr4 ccr3 ccr2 ccr1 ccr0 i 2 c clock control register (s2 : address 002f 16 ) b7 b0 scl frequency control bits refer to table 10. scl mode specification bit 0 : standard clock mode 1 : high-speed clock mode ack bit 0 : ack is returned. 1 : ack is not returned. ack clock bit 0 : no ack clock 1 : ack clock 500/ccr value (note 3) 1000/ccr value (note 3) 17.2 16.6 16.1 notes 1: duty of scl clock output is 50 %. the duty becomes 35 to 45 % only when the high-speed clock mode is selected and ccr value = 5 (400 khz, at = 4 mhz). h duration of the clock fluctuates from 4 to +2 machine cycles in the standard clock mode, and fluctuates from 2 to +2 machine cycles in the high-speed clock mode. in the case of negative fluctuation, the frequency does not increase because l duration is extended instead of h duration reduction. these are value when scl clock synchronization by the syn- chronous function is not performed. ccr value is the decimal notation value of the scl frequency control bits ccr4 to ccr0. 2: each value of scl frequency exceeds the limit at = 4 mhz or more. when using these setting value, use of 4 mhz or less. 3: the data formula of scl frequency is described below: /(8 ? ccr value) standard clock mode /(4 ? ccr value) high-speed clock mode (ccr value 5) /(2 ? ccr value) high-speed clock mode (ccr value = 5) do not set 0 to 2 as ccr value regardless of frequency. set 100 khz (max.) in the standard clock mode and 400 khz (max.) in the high-speed clock mode to the scl frequency by setting the scl frequency control bits ccr4 to ccr0. free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 32 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) fig. 31 structure of i 2 c control register [i 2 c control register (s1d)] 002e 16 the i 2 c control register (address 002e 16 ) controls data communi- cation format. ?its 0 to 2: bit counter (bc0?c2) these bits decide the number of bits for the next 1-byte data to be transmitted. the i 2 c interrupt request signal occurs immediately after the number of count specified with these bits (ack clock is added to the number of count when ack clock is selected by ack clock bit (bit 7 of address 002f 16 )) have been transferred, and bc0 to bc2 are returned to 000 2 . also when a start condition is received, these bits become 000 2 and the address data is always transmitted and received in 8 bits. ?it 3: i 2 c interface enable bit (es0) this bit enables to use the multi-master i 2 c-bus interface. when this bit is set to 0 , the use disable status is provided, so that the sda and the scl become high-impedance. when the bit is set to 1 , use of the interface is enabled. when es0 = 0 , the following is performed. pin = 1 , bb = 0 and al = 0 are set (which are bits of the i 2 c status register at address 002d 16 ). writing data to the i 2 c data shift register (address 002b 16 ) is dis- abled. ?it 4: data format selection bit (als) this bit decides whether or not to recognize slave addresses. when this bit is set to 0 , the addressing format is selected, so that address data is recognized. when a match is found between a slave address and address data as a result of comparison or when a general call (refer to i 2 c status register , bit 1) is re- ceived, transfer processing can be performed. when this bit is set to 1 , the free data format is selected, so that slave addresses are not recognized. ?it 5: addressing format selection bit (10bit sad) this bit selects a slave address specification format. when this bit is set to 0 , the 7-bit addressing format is selected. in this case, only the high-order 7 bits (slave address) of the i 2 c address regis- ter (address 002c 16 ) are compared with address data. when this bit is set to 1 , the 10-bit addressing format is selected, and all the bits of the i 2 c address register are compared with address data. ?it 6: sda/scl pin selection bit (tsel) this bit selects the input/output pins of scl and sda of the multi- master i 2 c-bus interface. ?it 7: i 2 c-bus interface pin input level selection bit (tiss) this bit selects the input level of the scl and sda pins of the multi-master i 2 c-bus interface. fig. 30 sda/scl pin selection bit s c l s d a multi-master i c-bus interface 2 t s e l s c l 1 / p 2 3 s c l 2 / t x d / p 2 5 s d a 1 / p 2 2 s d a 2 / r x d / p 2 4 t s e l t s e l t s e l b7 tiss tsel 10 bit sad als es0 bc2 bc1 bc0 b0 sda/scl pin selection bit 0 : connect to ports p2 2 , p2 3 1 : connect to ports p2 4 , p2 5 i 2 c control register (s1d : address 002e 16 ) bit counter (number of transmit/receive bits) b2 b1 b0 0 0 0 : 8 0 0 1 : 7 0 1 0 : 6 0 1 1 : 5 1 0 0 : 4 1 0 1 : 3 1 1 0 : 2 1 1 1 : 1 i 2 c-bus interface enable bit 0 : disabled 1 : enabled data format selection bit 0 : addressing format 1 : free data format addressing format selection bit 0 : 7-bit addressing format 1 : 10-bit addressing format i 2 c-bus interface pin input level selection bit 0 : cmos input 1 : smbus input free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 33 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) ?it 4: scl pin low hold bit (pin) this bit generates an interrupt request signal. each time 1-byte data is transmitted, the pin bit changes from 1 to 0 . at the same time, an interrupt request signal occurs to the cpu. the pin bit is set to 0 in synchronization with a falling of the last clock (in- cluding the ack clock) of an internal clock and an interrupt request signal occurs in synchronization with a falling of the pin bit. when the pin bit is 0 , the scl is kept in the 0 state and clock generation is disabled. figure 33 shows an interrupt request signal generating timing chart. the pin bit is set to 1 in one of the following conditions: executing a write instruction to the i 2 c data shift register (ad- dress 002b 16 ). (this is the only condition which the prohibition of the internal clock is released and data can be communicated ex- cept for the start condition detection.) when the es0 bit is 0 at reset when writing 1 to the pin bit by software the conditions in which the pin bit is set to 0 are shown below: immediately after completion of 1-byte data transmission (includ- ing when arbitration lost is detected) immediately after completion of 1-byte data reception in the slave reception mode, with als = 0 and immediately af- ter completion of slave address agreement or general call address reception in the slave reception mode, with als = 1 and immediately af- ter completion of address data reception ?it 5: bus busy flag (bb) this bit indicates the status of use of the bus system. when this bit is set to 0 , this bus system is not busy and a start condition can be generated. the bb flag is set/reset by the scl, sda pins input signal regardless of master/slave. this flag is set to 1 by detecting the start condition, and is set to 0 by detecting the stop condition. the condition of these detecting is set by the start/stop condition setting bits (ssc4 ssc0) of the i 2 c start/stop condition control register (address 0030 16 ). when the es0 bit of the i 2 c control register (address 002e 16 ) is 0 or reset, the bb flag is set to 0 . for the writing function to the bb flag, refer to the sections start condition generating method and stop condition gen- erating method described later. [i 2 c status register (s1)] 002d 16 the i 2 c status register (address 002d 16 ) controls the i 2 c-bus in- terface status. the low-order 4 bits are read-only bits and the high-order 4 bits can be read out and written to. set 0000 2 to the low-order 4 bits, because these bits become the reserved bits at writing. ?it 0: last receive bit (lrb) this bit stores the last bit value of received data and can also be used for ack receive confirmation. if ack is returned when an ack clock occurs, the lrb bit is set to 0 . if ack is not returned, this bit is set to 1 . except in the ack mode, the last bit value of received data is input. the state of this bit is changed from 1 to 0 by executing a write instruction to the i 2 c data shift register (address 002b 16 ). ?it 1: general call detecting flag (ad0) when the als bit is 0 , this bit is set to 1 when a general call ? whose address data is all 0 is received in the slave mode. by a general call of the master device, every slave device receives con- trol data after the general call. the ad0 bit is set to 0 by detecting the stop condition or start condition, or reset. ? general call: the master transmits the general call address 00 16 to all slaves. ?it 2: slave address comparison flag (aas) this flag indicates a comparison result of address data when the als bit is 0 . (1) in the slave receive mode, when the 7-bit addressing format is selected, this bit is set to 1 in one of the following conditions: the address data immediately after occurrence of a start condition agrees with the slave address stored in the high-or- der 7 bits of the i 2 c address register (address 002c 16 ). a general call is received. (2) in the slave receive mode, when the 10-bit addressing format is selected, this bit is set to 1 with the following condition: when the address data is compared with the i 2 c address reg- ister (8 bits consisting of slave address and rwb bit), the first bytes agree. (3) this bit is set to 0 by executing a write instruction to the i 2 c data shift register (address 002b 16 ) when es0 is set to 1 or reset. ?it 3: arbitration lost ? detecting flag (al) in the master transmission mode, when the sda is made l by any other device, arbitration is judged to have been lost, so that this bit is set to 1 . at the same time, the trx bit is set to 0 , so that immediately after transmission of the byte whose arbitration was lost is completed, the mst bit is set to 0 . the arbitration lost can be detected only in the master transmission mode. when ar- bitration is lost during slave address transmission, the trx bit is set to 0 and the reception mode is set. consequently, it becomes possible to detect the agreement of its own slave address and ad- dress data transmitted by another master device. ? arbitration lost : the status in which communication as a master is dis- abled. free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 34 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) fig. 33 interrupt request signal generating timing fig. 32 structure of i 2 c status register ?it 6: communication mode specification bit (transfer direc- tion specification bit: trx) this bit decides a direction of transfer for data communication. when this bit is 0 , the reception mode is selected and the data of a transmitting device is received. when the bit is 1 , the transmis- sion mode is selected and address data and control data are output onto the sda in synchronization with the clock generated on the scl. this bit is set/reset by software and hardware. about set/reset by hardware is described below. this bit is set to 1 by hardware when all the following conditions are satisfied: when als is 0 in the slave reception mode or the slave transmission mode when the r/w bit reception is 1 this bit is set to 0 in one of the following conditions: when arbitration lost is detected. when a stop condition is detected. when writing 1 to this bit by software is invalid by the start condition duplication preventing function (note) . with mst = 0 and when a start condition is detected. with mst = 0 and when ack non-return is detected. at reset ?it 7: communication mode specification bit (master/slave specification bit: mst) this bit is used for master/slave specification for data communica- tion. when this bit is 0 , the slave is specified, so that a start condition and a stop condition generated by the master are re- ceived, and data communication is performed in synchronization with the clock generated by the master. when this bit is 1 , the master is specified and a start condition and a stop condition are generated. additionally, the clocks required for data communi- cation are generated on the scl. this bit is set to 0 in one of the following conditions. immediately after completion of 1-byte data transfer when arbi- tration lost is detected when a stop condition is detected. writing 1 to this bit by software is invalid by the start condi- tion duplication preventing function (note) . at reset note: start condition duplication preventing function the mst, trx, and bb bits is set to 1 at the same time after con- firming that the bb flag is 0 in the procedure of a start condition occurrence. however, when a start condition by another master device occurs and the bb flag is set to 1 immediately after the con- tents of the bb flag is confirmed, the start condition duplication preventing function makes the writing to the mst and trx bits in- valid. the duplication preventing function becomes valid from the rising of the bb flag to reception completion of slave address. scl pin iicirq b 7 m s t b 0 i 2 c status register (s1 : address 002d 16 ) last receive bit (note) 0 : last bit = 0 1 : last bit = 1 g e n e r a l c a l l d e t e c t i n g f l a g ( n o t e ) 0 :n o g e n e r a l c a l l d e t e c t e d 1 :g e n e r a l c a l l d e t e c t e d s l a v e a d d r e s s c o m p a r i s o n f l a g ( n o t e ) 0 : a d d r e s s d i s a g r e e m e n t 1 : a d d r e s s a g r e e m e n t a r b i t r a t i o n l o s t d e t e c t i n g f l a g ( n o t e ) 0 :n o t d e t e c t e d 1 :d e t e c t e d s c l p i n l o w h o l d b i t 0 : s c l p i n l o w h o l d 1 : s c l p i n l o w r e l e a s e bus busy flag 0 : bus free 1 : bus busy c o m m u n i c a t i o n m o d e s p e c i f i c a t i o n b i t s 0 0 :s l a v e r e c e i v e m o d e 0 1 :s l a v e t r a n s m i t m o d e 1 0 :m a s t e r r e c e i v e m o d e 1 1 :m a s t e r t r a n s m i t m o d e t r xb bp i na la a sa d 0l r b n o t e : t h e s e b i t s a n d f l a g s c a n b e r e a d o u t , b u t c a n n o t b e w r i t t e n . w r i t e 0 t o t h e s e b i t s a t w r i t i n g . free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 35 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) fig. 36 start condition detecting timing diagram start/stop condition detecting operation the start/stop condition detection operations are shown in figures 36, 37, and table 13. the start/stop condition is set by the start/stop condition set bit. the start/stop condition can be detected only when the input signal of the scl and sda pins satisfy three conditions: scl re- lease time, setup time, and hold time (see table 13). the bb flag is set to 1 by detecting the start condition and is reset to 0 by detecting the stop condition. the bb flag set/reset timing is different in the standard clock mode and the high-speed clock mode. refer to table 13, the bb flag set/ reset time. note: when a stop condition is detected in the slave mode (mst = 0), an interrupt request signal iicirq occurs to the cpu. start condition generating method when writing 1 to the mst, trx, and bb bits of the i 2 c status register (address 002d 16 ) at the same time after writing the slave address to the i 2 c data shift register (address 002b 16 ) with the condition in which the es0 bit of the i 2 c control register (address 002e 16 ) and the bb flag are 0 , a start condition occurs. after that, the bit counter becomes 000 2 and an scl for 1 byte is out- put. the start condition generating timing is different in the standard clock mode and the high-speed clock mode. refer to figure 34, the start condition generating timing diagram, and table 11, the start condition generating timing table. stop condition generating method when the es0 bit of the i 2 c control register (address 002e 16 ) is 1 , write 1 to the mst and trx bits, and write 0 to the bb bit of the i 2 c status register (address 002d 16 ) simultaneously. then a stop condition occurs. the stop condition generating timing is different in the standard clock mode and the high-speed clock mode. refer to figure 35, the stop condition generating timing diagram, and table 12, the stop condition generating timing table. fig. 34 start condition generating timing diagram fig. 35 stop condition generating timing diagram table 12 stop condition generating timing table item setup time hold time standard clock mode 5.0 s (20 cycles) 4.5 s (18 cycles) note: absolute time at = 4 mhz. the value in parentheses denotes the number of cycles. high-speed clock mode 3.0 s (12 cycles) 2.5 s (10 cycles) table 11 start condition generating timing table item setup time hold time standard clock mode 5.0 s (20 cycles) 5.0 s (20 cycles) note: absolute time at = 4 mhz. the value in parentheses denotes the number of cycles. high-speed clock mode 2.5 s (10 cycles) 2.5 s (10 cycles) table 13 start condition/stop condition detecting conditions note: unit : cycle number of system clock ssc value is the decimal notation value of the start/stop condi- tion set bits ssc4 to ssc0. do not set 0 or an odd number to ssc value. the value in parentheses is an example when the i 2 c start/ stop condition control register is set to 18 16 at = 4 mhz. fig. 37 stop condition detecting timing diagram scl release time standard clock mode high-speed clock mode 4 cycles (1.0 s) 2 cycles (1.0 s) 2 cycles (0.5 s) 3.5 cycles (0.875 s) ssc value + 1 2 ssc value + 1 2 ssc value 1 2 setup time hold time bb flag set/ reset time ssc value + 1 cycle (6.25 s) cycle < 4.0 s (3.125 s) cycle < 4.0 s (3.125 s) + 2 cycles (3.375 s) i 2 c status register write signal aaa hold time setup time scl sda i 2 c status register write signal aaa aaa hold time setup time scl sda aaa hold time setup time scl sda bb fla g aaa scl release time bb flag reset time aaa hold time setup time scl sda bb fla g aaa scl release time bb flag reset time free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 36 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) [i 2 c start/stop condition control register (s2d)] 0030 16 the i 2 c start/stop condition control register (address 0030 16 ) controls start/stop condition detection. bits 0 to 4: start/stop condition set bit (ssc4 ssc0) scl release time, setup time, and hold time change the detection condition by value of the main clock divide ratio selection bit and the oscillation frequency f(x in ) because these time are measured by the internal system clock. accordingly, set the proper value to the start/stop condition set bits (ssc4 to ssc0) in considered of the system clock frequency. refer to table 13. do not set 00000 2 or an odd number to the start/stop condi- tion set bit (ssc4 to ssc0). refer to table 14, the recommended set value to start/stop condition set bits (ssc4 ssc0) for each oscillation frequency. bit 5: scl/sda interrupt pin polarity selection bit (sip) an interrupt can occur when detecting the falling or rising edge of the scl or sda pin. this bit selects the polarity of the scl or sda pin interrupt pin. bit 6: scl/sda interrupt pin selection bit (sis) this bit selects the pin of which interrupt becomes valid between the scl pin and the sda pin. note: when changing the setting of the scl/sda interrupt pin polarity se- lection bit, the scl/sda interrupt pin selection bit, or the i 2 c-bus interface enable bit es0, the scl/sda interrupt request bit may be set. when selecting the scl/sda interrupt source, disable the inter- rupt before the scl/sda interrupt pin polarity selection bit, the scl/ sda interrupt pin selection bit, or the i 2 c-bus interface enable bit es0 is set. reset the request bit to 0 after setting these bits, and enable the interrupt. address data communication there are two address data communication formats, namely, 7-bit addressing format and 10-bit addressing format. the respective address communication formats are described below. (1) 7-bit addressing format to adapt the 7-bit addressing format, set the 10bit sad bit of the i 2 c control register (address 002e 16 ) to 0 . the first 7-bit address data transmitted from the master is compared with the high-order 7-bit slave address stored in the i 2 c address regis- ter (address 002c 16 ). at the time of this comparison, address comparison of the rwb bit of the i 2 c address register (ad- dress 002c 16 ) is not performed. for the data transmission format when the 7-bit addressing format is selected, refer to figure 39, (1) and (2). (2) 10-bit addressing format to adapt the 10-bit addressing format, set the 10bit sad bit of the i 2 c control register (address 002e 16 ) to 1 . an address comparison is performed between the first-byte address data transmitted from the master and the 8-bit slave address stored in the i 2 c address register (address 002c 16 ). at the time of this comparison, an address comparison between the rwb bit of the i 2 c address register (address 002c 16 ) and the r/w bit which is the last bit of the address data transmitted from the master is made. in the 10-bit addressing mode, the rwb bit which is the last bit of the address data not only specifies the direction of communication for control data, but also is pro- cessed as an address data bit. when the first-byte address data agree with the slave address, the aas bit of the i 2 c status register (address 002d 16 ) is set to 1 . after the second-byte address data is stored into the i 2 c data shift register (address 002b 16 ), perform an address com- parison between the second-byte data and the slave address by software. when the address data of the 2 bytes agree with the slave address, set the rwb bit of the i 2 c address register (address 002c 16 ) to 1 by software. this processing can make the 7-bit slave address and r/w data agree, which are received after a restart condition is detected, with the value of the i 2 c address register (address 002c 16 ). for the data transmission format when the 10-bit addressing format is se- lected, refer to figure 39, (3) and (4). free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 37 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) start/stop condition control register oscillation frequency f(x in ) (mhz) fig. 39 address data communication format fig. 38 structure of i 2 c start/stop condition control register note: do not set an odd number to the start/stop condition set bit (ssc4 to ssc0). table 14 recommended set value to start/stop condition set bits (ssc4 ssc0) for each oscillation frequency main clock divide ratio system clock (mhz) scl release time ( s) setup time ( s) hold time ( s) 8 8 4 2 2 8 2 2 xxx11010 xxx11000 xxx00100 xxx01100 xxx01010 xxx00100 3.375 s (13.5 cycles) 3.125 s (12.5 cycles) 2.5 s (2.5 cycles) 3.25 s (6.5 cycles) 2.75 s (5.5 cycles) 2.5 s (2.5 cycles) 6.75 s (27 cycles) 6.25 s (25 cycles) 5.0 s (5 cycles) 6.5 s (13 cycles) 5.5 s (11 cycles) 5.0 s (5 cycles) 3.375 s (13.5 cycles) 3.125 s (12.5 cycles) 2.5 s (2.5 cycles) 3.25 s (6.5 cycles) 2.75 s (5.5 cycles) 2.5 s (2.5 cycles) 4 1 2 1 b 7b 0 i 2 c s t a r t / s t o p c o n d i t i o n c o n t r o l r e g i s t e r s t a r t / s t o p c o n d i t i o n s e t b i t s c l / s d a i n t e r r u p t p i n p o l a r i t y s e l e c t i o n b i t 0 :f a l l i n g e d g e a c t i v e 1 :r i s i n g e d g e a c t i v e s c l / s d a i n t e r r u p t p i n s e l e c t i o n b i t 0 :s d a v a l i d 1 :s c l v a l i d r e s e r v e d d o n o t w r i t e 1 t o t h i s b i t . s i s s i p s s c 4s s c 3s s c 2s s c 1s s c 0 ( s 2 d : a d d r e s s 0 0 3 0 1 6 ) s s l a v e a d d r e s sr / w a d a t a a/a p a d a t a 7 b i t s 0 1 t o 8 b i t s 1 to 8 bits ( 1 ) a m a s t e r - t r a n s m i t t e r t r a n s n m i t s d a t a t o a s l a v e - r e c e i v e r s s l a v e a d d r e s sr / w a d a t a a p a d a t a 7 b i t s 1 1 t o 8 b i t s1 t o 8 b i t s ( 2 ) a m a s t e r - r e c e i v e r r e c e i v e s d a t a f r o m a s l a v e - t r a n s m i t t e r 7 b i t s 0 8 b i t s ( 3 ) a m a s t e r - t r a n s m i t t e r t r a n s m i t s d a t a t o a s l a v e - r e c e i v e r w i t h a 1 0 - b i t a d d r e s s 1 t o 8 b i t s1 t o 8 b i t s s r / w a s l a v e a d d r e s s 1 s t 7 b i t s s l a v e a d d r e s s 2 n d b y t e s a ad a t a data p a / a 7 b i t s 0 8 b i t s ( 4 ) a m a s t e r - r e c e i v e r r e c e i v e s d a t a f r o m a s l a v e - t r a n s m i t t e r w i t h a 1 0 - b i t a d d r e s s s : s t a r t c o n d i t i o n a : a c k b i t s r : r e s t a r t c o n d i t i o n p : s t o p c o n d i t i o n r / w : r e a d / w r i t e b i t 7 b i t s 1 1 t o 8 b i t s1 t o 8 b i t s s r / w a s l a v e a d d r e s s 1 s t 7 b i t s s l a v e a d d r e s s 2 n d b y t e s a s r slave address 1st 7 bits r / w a d a t a d a t a p a : master to slave : slave to master a free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 38 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) example of master transmission an example of master transmission in the standard clock mode, at the scl frequency of 100 khz and in the ack return mode is shown below. (1) set a slave address in the high-order 7 bits of the i 2 c ad- dress register (address 002c 16 ) and 0 into the rwb bit. (2) set the ack return mode and scl = 100 khz by setting 85 16 in the i 2 c clock control register (address 002f 16 ). (3) set 00 16 in the i 2 c status register (address 002d 16 ) so that transmission/reception mode can become initializing condi- tion. (4) set a communication enable status by setting 08 16 in the i 2 c control register (address 002e 16 ). (5) confirm the bus free condition by the bb flag of the i 2 c status register (address 002d 16 ). (6) set the address data of the destination of transmission in the high-order 7 bits of the i 2 c data shift register (address 002b 16 ) and set 0 in the least significant bit. (7) set f0 16 in the i 2 c status register (address 002d 16 ) to gen- erate a start condition. at this time, an scl for 1 byte and an ack clock automatically occur. (8) set transmit data in the i 2 c data shift register (address 002b 16 ). at this time, an scl and an ack clock automatically occur. (9) when transmitting control data of more than 1 byte, repeat step (8). (10) set d0 16 in the i 2 c status register (address 002d 16 ) to gen- erate a stop condition if ack is not returned from slave reception side or transmission ends. example of slave reception an example of slave reception in the high-speed clock mode, at the scl frequency of 400 khz, in the ack non-return mode and using the addressing format is shown below. (1) set a slave address in the high-order 7 bits of the i 2 c ad- dress register (address 002c 16 ) and 0 in the rwb bit. (2) set the no ack clock mode and scl = 400 khz by setting 25 16 in the i 2 c clock control register (address 002f 16 ). (3) set 00 16 in the i 2 c status register (address 002d 16 ) so that transmission/reception mode can become initializing condi- tion. (4) set a communication enable status by setting 08 16 in the i 2 c control register (address 002e 16 ). (5) when a start condition is received, an address comparison is performed. (6) when all transmitted addresses are 0 (general call): ad0 of the i 2 c status register (address 002d 16 ) is set to 1 and an interrupt request signal occurs. when the transmitted addresses agree with the address set in (1): ass of the i 2 c status register (address 002d 16 ) is set to 1 and an interrupt request signal occurs. in the cases other than the above ad0 and aas of the i 2 c status register (address 002d 16 ) are set to 0 and no inter- rupt request signal occurs. (7) set dummy data in the i 2 c data shift register (address 002b 16 ). (8) when receiving control data of more than 1 byte, repeat step (7). (9) when a stop condition is detected, the communication ends. free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 39 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) precautions when using multi-master i 2 c- bus interface (1) read-modify-write instruction the precautions when the read-modify-write instruction such as seb, clb etc. is executed for each register of the multi-master i 2 c-bus interface are described below. i 2 c data shift register (s0: address 002b 16 ) when executing the read-modify-write instruction for this regis- ter during transfer, data may become a value not intended. i 2 c address register (s0d: address 002c 16 ) when the read-modify-write instruction is executed for this regis- ter at detecting the stop condition, data may become a value not intended. it is because h/w changes the read/write bit (rwb) at the above timing. i 2 c status register (s1: address 002d 16 ) do not execute the read-modify-write instruction for this register because all bits of this register are changed by h/w. i 2 c control register (s1d: address 002e 16 ) when the read-modify-write instruction is executed for this regis- ter at detecting the start condition or at completing the byte transfer, data may become a value not intended. because h/w changes the bit counter (bc0-bc2) at the above timing. i 2 c clock control register (s2: address 002f 16 ) the read-modify-write instruction can be executed for this regis- ter. i 2 c start/stop condition control register (s2d: address 0030 16 ) the read-modify-write instruction can be executed for this regis- ter. (2) start condition generating procedure using multi-master 1. procedure example (the necessary conditions of the generat- ing procedure are described in items 2 to 5 below. lda (taking out of slave address value) sei (interrupt disabled) bbs 5, s1, busbusy (bb flag confirming and branch process) busfree: sta s0 (writing of slave address value) ldm #$f0, s1 (trigger of start condition generating) cli (interrupt enabled) busbusy: cli (interrupt enabled) 2. use branch on bit set of bbs 5, $002d, for the bb flag confirming and branch process. 3. use sta $2b, stx $2b or sty $2b of the zero page ad- dressing instruction for writing the slave address value to the i 2 c data shift register. 4. execute the branch instruction of item 2 and the store instruc- tion of item 3 continuously, as shown in the procedure example above. 5. disable interrupts during the following three process steps: bb flag confirming writing of slave address value trigger of start condition generating when the condition of the bb flag is bus busy, enable interrupts immediately. (3) restart condition generating procedure 1. procedure example (the necessary conditions for the proce- dure are described in items 2 to 4 below.) execute the following procedure when the pin bit is 0 . ldm #$00, s1 (select slave receive mode) lda (take out of slave address value) sei (disable interrupt) sta s0 (write slave address value) ldm #$f0, s1 ( trigger restart condition generation ) cli (enable interrupt) 2. select the slave receive mode when the pin bit is 0 . do not write 1 to the pin bit. neither 0 nor 1 is specified as input to the bb bit. the trx bit becomes 0 and the sda pin is released. 3. the scl pin is released by writing the slave address value to the i 2 c data shift register. 4. disable interrupts during the following two process steps: write slave address value trigger restart condition generation (4) writing to i 2 c status register do not execute an instruction to set the pin bit to 1 from 0 and an instruction to set the mst and trx bits to 0 from 1 simulta- neously. because it may enter the state that the scl pin is released and the sda pin is released after about one machine cycle. do not execute an instruction to set the mst and trx bits to 0 from 1 simultaneously when the pin bit is 1 . because it may become the same as above. (5) process of after stop condition generating do not write data in the i 2 c data shift register s0 and the i 2 c sta- tus register s1 until the bus busy flag bb becomes 0 after generating the stop condition in the master mode. because the stop condition waveform might not be normally generated. reading to the above registers do not have the problem. free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 40 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) pulse width modulation (pwm) the 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) has a pwm func- tion with an 8-bit resolution, based on a signal that is the clock input x in or that clock input divided by 2. data setting the pwm output pin also functions as port p4 4 . set the pwm period by the pwm prescaler, and set the h term of output pulse by the pwm register. if the value in the pwm prescaler is n and the value in the pwm register is m (where n = 0 to 255 and m = 0 to 255) : pwm period = 255 x (n+1) / f(x in ) = 31.875 x (n+1) s (when f(x in ) = 8 mhz,count source selection bit = 0 ) output pulse h term = pwm period x m / 255 = 0.125 x (n+1) x m s (when f(x in ) = 8 mhz,count source selection bit = 0 ) fig. 40 timing of pwm period fig. 41 block diagram of pwm function pwm operation when bit 0 (pwm enable bit) of the pwm control register is set to 1 , operation starts by initializing the pwm output circuit, and pulses are output starting at an h . if the pwm register or pwm prescaler is updated during pwm output, the pulses will change in the cycle after the one in which the change was made. 3 1 . 8 7 5 ? m ? ( n + 1 ) 2 5 5 s t = [31.875 ? (n+1)] s p w m o u t p u t m: contents of pwm register n : contents of pwm prescaler t : pwm period (when f(x in ) = 8 mhz, count source selection bit = 0 ) d a t a b u s count source selection bit 0 1 pwm prescaler pre-latch p w m r e g i s t e r p r e - l a t c h pwm prescaler latch pwm register latch t r a n s f e r c o n t r o l c i r c u i t pwm register 1 / 2 x in p o r t p 4 4 l a t c h p w m e n a b l e b i t p o r t p 4 4 p w m p r e s c a l e r (x cin at low-speed mode) free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 41 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) fig. 42 structure of pwm control register fig. 43 pwm output timing when pwm register or pwm prescaler is changed note the pwm starts after the pwm function enable bit is set to enable and l level is output from the pwm pin. the length of this l level output is as follows: sec (count source selection bit = 0, where n is the value set in the prescaler) sec (count source selection bit = 1, where n is the value set in the prescaler) n+1 2 f(x in ) n+1 f(x in ) p w m c o n t r o l r e g i s t e r ( p w m c o n : a d d r e s s 0 0 1 d 1 6 ) p w m f u n c t i o n e n a b l e b i t c o u n t s o u r c e s e l e c t i o n b i t n o t u s e d ( r e t u r n 0 w h e n r e a d ) b 7 b 0 0 : p w m d i s a b l e d 1 : p w m e n a b l e d 0 : f ( x i n ) ( f ( x c i n ) a t l o w - s p e e d m o d e ) 1 : f ( x i n ) / 2 ( f ( x c i n ) / 2 a t l o w - s p e e d m o d e ) abc b t c t2 = pwm output pwm register write signal pwm prescaler write signal (changes h term from a to b .) (changes pwm period from t to t2 .) when the contents of the pwm register or pwm prescaler have changed, the pwm output will change from the next period after the change. t tt2 free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 42 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) a-d converter [a-d conversion registers (adl, adh)] 0035 16 , 0036 16 the a-d conversion registers are read-only registers that store the result of an a-d conversion. do not read these registers during an a-d conversion. [a-d control register (adcon)] 0034 16 the ad control register controls the a-d conversion process. bits 0 to 2 select a specific analog input pin. bit 4 indicates the completion of an a-d conversion. the value of this bit remains at 0 during an a-d conversion and changes to 1 when an a-d conversion ends. writing 0 to this bit starts the a-d conversion. comparison voltage generator the comparison voltage generator divides the voltage between av ss and v ref into 1024 and outputs the divided voltages. channel selector the channel selector selects one of ports p3 0 /an 0 to p3 4 /an 4 and inputs the voltage to the comparator. comparator and control circuit the comparator and control circuit compare an analog input volt- age with the comparison voltage, and the result is stored in the a-d conversion registers. when an a-d conversion is completed, the control circuit sets the a-d conversion completion bit and the a-d interrupt request bit to 1 . note that because the comparator consists of a capacitor cou- pling, set f(x in ) to 500 khz or more during an a-d conversion. when the a-d converter is operated at low-speed mode, f(x in ) and f(x cin ) do not have the lower limit of frequency, because of the a-d converter has a built-in self-oscillation circuit. fig. 44 structure of a-d control register fig. 45 structure of a-d conversion registers fig. 46 block diagram of a-d converter a - d c o n t r o l r e g i s t e r ( a d c o n : a d d r e s s 0 0 3 4 1 6 ) analog input pin selection bits 0 0 0: p3 0 /an 0 0 0 1: p3 1 /an 1 0 1 0: p3 2 /an 2 0 1 1: p3 3 /an 3 1 0 0: p3 4 /an 4 not used (returns 0 when read) a-d conversion completion bit 0: conversion in progress 1: conversion completed not used (returns 0 when read) b7 b 0 b 2 b 1 b 0 1 0 - b i t r e a d i n g ( r e a d a d d r e s s 0 0 3 6 1 6 b e f o r e 0 0 3 5 1 6 ) ( a d d r e s s 0 0 3 6 1 6 ) ( a d d r e s s 0 0 3 5 1 6 ) 8 - b i t r e a d i n g ( r e a d o n l y a d d r e s s 0 0 3 5 1 6 ) ( a d d r e s s 0 0 3 5 1 6 ) b 8 b 7b 6b 5b 4 b 3b 2b 1b 0 b 7 b 0 b 9 b7 b 0 n o t e : t h e h i g h - o r d e r 6 b i t s o f a d d r e s s 0 0 3 6 1 6 b e c o m e 0 a t r e a d i n g . b9 b8 b7 b 6 b5 b4 b 3 b 2 b 7 b0 c h a n n e l s e l e c t o r a - d c o n t r o l c i r c u i t a - d c o n v e r s i o n l o w - o r d e r r e g i s t e r r e s i s t o r l a d d e r v r e f a v s s comparator a - d i n t e r r u p t r e q u e s t b 7b 0 3 10 p 3 0 / a n 0 p 3 1 / a n 1 p3 2 /an 2 p 3 3 / a n 3 p 3 4 / a n 4 data bus a - d c o n t r o l r e g i s t e r a-d conversion high-order register ( a d d r e s s 0 0 3 4 1 6 ) ( a d d r e s s 0 0 3 6 1 6 ) ( a d d r e s s 0 0 3 5 1 6 ) free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 43 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) watchdog timer the watchdog timer gives a mean of returning to the reset status when a program cannot run on a normal loop (for example, be- cause of a software run-away). the watchdog timer consists of an 8-bit watchdog timer l and an 8-bit watchdog timer h. standard operation of watchdog timer when any data is not written into the watchdog timer control reg- ister (address 0039 16 ) after reset, the watchdog timer is in the stop state. the watchdog timer starts to count down by writing an optional value into the watchdog timer control register (address 0039 16 ) and an internal reset occurs at an underflow of the watch- dog timer h. accordingly, programming is usually performed so that writing to the watchdog timer control register (address 0039 16 ) may be started before an underflow. when the watchdog timer control reg- ister (address 0039 16 ) is read, the values of the high-order 6 bits of the watchdog timer h, stp instruction disable bit, and watch- dog timer h count source selection bit are read. initial value of watchdog timer at reset or writing to the watchdog timer control register (address 0039 16 ), each watchdog timer h and l are set to ff 16 . fig. 48 structure of watchdog timer control register watchdog timer h count source selection bit operation bit 7 of the watchdog timer control register (address 0039 16 ) per- mits selecting a watchdog timer h count source. when this bit is set to 0 , the count source becomes the underflow signal of watchdog timer l. the detection time is set to 131.072 ms at f(x in ) = 8 mhz frequency and 32.768 s at f(x cin ) = 32 khz frequency. when this bit is set to 1 , the count source becomes the signal di- vided by 16 for f(x in ) (or f(x cin )). the detection time in this case is set to 512 s at f(x in ) = 8 mhz frequency and 128 ms at f(x cin ) = 32 khz frequency. this bit is cleared to 0 after reset. operation of stp instruction disable bit bit 6 of the watchdog timer control register (address 0039 16 ) per- mits disabling the stp instruction when the watchdog timer is in operation. when this bit is 0 , the stp instruction is enabled. when this bit is 1 , the stp instruction is disabled, once the stp instruction is executed, an internal reset occurs. when this bit is set to 1 , it cannot be rewritten to 0 by program. this bit is cleared to 0 after reset. fig. 47 block diagram of watchdog timer x in data bus x cin 1 0 0 0 0 1 main clock division ratio selection bits (note) 0 1 1 / 1 6 watchdog timer h count source selection bit r e s e t c i r c u i t stp instruction disable bit w a t c h d o g t i m e r h ( 8 ) f f 1 6 i s s e t w h e n w a t c h d o g t i m e r c o n t r o l r e g i s t e r i s w r i t t e n t o . i n t e r n a l r e s e t r e s e t w a t c h d o g t i m e r l ( 8 ) n o t e : a n y o n e o f h i g h - s p e e d , m i d d l e - s p e e d o r l o w - s p e e d m o d e i s s e l e c t e d b y b i t s 7 a n d 6 o f t h e c p u m o d e r e g i s t e r . stp instruction ff 16 is set when watchdog timer control register is written to. b 0 s t p i n s t r u c t i o n d i s a b l e b i t 0 : s t p i n s t r u c t i o n e n a b l e d 1 : s t p i n s t r u c t i o n d i s a b l e d w a t c h d o g t i m e r h c o u n t s o u r c e s e l e c t i o n b i t 0 : w a t c h d o g t i m e r l u n d e r f l o w 1 : f ( x i n ) / 1 6 o r f ( x c i n ) / 1 6 w a t c h d o g t i m e r h ( f o r r e a d - o u t o f h i g h - o r d e r 6 b i t ) watchdog timer control register (wdtcon : address 0039 16 ) b 7 free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 44 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) reset circuit to reset the microcomputer, reset pin must be held at an l level for 20 cycles or more of x in . then the reset pin is returned to an h level (the power source voltage must be between 2.7 v and 5.5 v, and the oscillation must be stable), reset is released. after the reset is completed, the program starts from the address contained in address fffd 16 (high-order byte) and address fffc 16 (low-order byte). make sure that the reset input voltage is less than 0.54 v for v cc of 2.7 v. fig. 50 reset sequence fig. 49 reset circuit example ( n o t e ) 0 . 2 v c c 0v 0v p o w e r o n v c c r e s e t v c c r e s e t p o w e r s o u r c e v o l t a g e d e t e c t i o n c i r c u i t p o w e r s o u r c e v o l t a g e reset input voltage n o t e : r e s e t r e l e a s e v o l t a g e ; v c c = 2 . 7 v r e s e t d a t a a d d r e s s s y n c x i n : 8 t o 1 3 c l o c k c y c l e s x i n ? ? ? ? ? fffc f f f d a d h , l ? ? ? ? ? a d l ad h 1 : t h e f r e q u e n c y r e l a t i o n o f f ( x i n ) a n d f ( ) i s f ( x i n ) = 8 f ( ) . 2 : t h e q u e s t i o n m a r k s ( ? ) i n d i c a t e a n u n d e f i n e d s t a t e t h a t d e p e n d s o n t h e p r e v i o u s s t a t e . 3 : a l l s i g n a l s e x c e p t x i n a n d r e s e t a r e i n t e r n a l s . r e s e t a d d r e s s f r o m t h e v e c t o r t a b l e . n o t e s r e s e t o u t free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 45 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) fig. 51 internal status at reset 000 x 0 0 1 6 0 0 1 6 0 0 1 6 0 0 1 6 0 0 1 6 0 0 1 6 0 0 1 6 0 0 1 6 0 0 1 6 0 0 1 6 0 0 1 6 0 0 1 6 0 0 1 6 f f 1 6 0 1 1 6 0 0 1 6 0 0 1 6 f f 1 6 f f 1 6 f f 1 6 f f 1 6 0 0 1 6 0 0 1 6 0 0 1 6 0 0 1 6 a - d c o n t r o l r e g i s t e r ( a d c o n ) a - d c o n v e r s i o n l o w - o r d e r r e g i s t e r ( a d l ) a - d c o n v e r s i o n h i g h - o r d e r r e g i s t e r ( a d h ) m i s r g w a t c h d o g t i m e r c o n t r o l r e g i s t e r ( w d t c o n ) i n t e r r u p t e d g e s e l e c t i o n r e g i s t e r ( i n t e d g e ) c p u m o d e r e g i s t e r ( c p u m ) i n t e r r u p t r e q u e s t r e g i s t e r 1 ( i r e q 1 ) i n t e r r u p t r e q u e s t r e g i s t e r 2 ( i r e q 2 ) i n t e r r u p t c o n t r o l r e g i s t e r 1 ( i c o n 1 ) i n t e r r u p t c o n t r o l r e g i s t e r 2 ( i c o n 2 ) p r o c e s s o r s t a t u s r e g i s t e r p r o g r a m c o u n t e r n o t e : x : n o t f i x e d s i n c e t h e i n i t i a l v a l u e s f o r o t h e r t h a n a b o v e m e n t i o n e d r e g i s t e r s a n d r a m c o n t e n t s a r e i n d e f i n i t e a t r e s e t , t h e y m u s t b e s e t . ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) ( 7 ) ( 8 ) ( 9 ) ( 1 0 ) ( 1 1 ) ( 1 2 ) ( 1 3 ) ( 1 4 ) ( 1 5 ) ( 1 6 ) ( 1 7 ) ( 1 8 ) ( 1 9 ) ( 2 0 ) ( 2 1 ) ( 2 2 ) ( 2 3 ) ( 2 4 ) ( 2 5 ) ( 2 6 ) ( 2 7 ) ( 2 8 ) ( 2 9 ) ( 3 0 ) ( 3 1 ) ( 3 2 ) ( 3 3 ) ( 3 4 ) ( 3 5 ) a d d r e s sr e g i s t e r c o n t e n t s p o r t p 0 ( p 0 ) p o r t p 0 d i r e c t i o n r e g i s t e r ( p 0 d ) p o r t p 1 ( p 1 ) p o r t p 1 d i r e c t i o n r e g i s t e r ( p 1 d ) p o r t p 2 ( p 2 ) p o r t p 2 d i r e c t i o n r e g i s t e r ( p 2 d ) p o r t p 3 ( p 3 ) p o r t p 3 d i r e c t i o n r e g i s t e r ( p 3 d ) p o r t p 4 ( p 4 ) p o r t p 4 d i r e c t i o n r e g i s t e r ( p 4 d ) s e r i a l i / o 2 c o n t r o l r e g i s t e r 1 ( s i o 2 c o n 1 ) s e r i a l i / o 2 c o n t r o l r e g i s t e r 2 ( s i o 2 c o n 2 ) s e r i a l i / o 2 r e g i s t e r ( s i o 2 ) t r a n s m i t / r e c e i v e b u f f e r r e g i s t e r ( t b / r b ) s e r i a l i / o 1 s t a t u s r e g i s t e r ( s i o s t s ) s e r i a l i / o 1 c o n t r o l r e g i s t e r ( s i o c o n ) u a r t c o n t r o l r e g i s t e r ( u a r t c o n ) b a u d r a t e g e n e r a t o r ( b r g ) p w m c o n t r o l r e g i s t e r ( p w m c o n ) p w m p r e s c a l e r ( p r e p w m ) p w m r e g i s t e r ( p w m ) p r e s c a l e r 1 2 ( p r e 1 2 ) t i m e r 1 ( t 1 ) t i m e r 2 ( t 2 ) t i m e r x y m o d e r e g i s t e r ( t m ) p r e s c a l e r x ( p r e x ) t i m e r x ( t x ) p r e s c a l e r y ( p r e y ) t i m e r y ( t y ) t i m e r c o u n t s o u r c e s e l e c t i o n r e g i s t e r ( t c s s ) i 2 c a d d r e s s r e g i t e r ( s 0 d ) i 2 c s t a t u s r e g i s t e r ( s 1 ) i 2 c c o n t r o l r e g i s t e r ( s 1 d ) i 2 c c l o c k c o n t r o l r e g i s t e r ( s 2 ) i 2 c s t a r t / s t o p c o n d i t i o n c o n t r o l r e g i s t e r ( s 2 d ) 00000111 10000000 x x x x x x x x 0 0 0 0 1 6 0 0 0 1 1 6 0 0 0 2 1 6 0 0 0 3 1 6 0 0 0 4 1 6 0 0 0 5 1 6 0 0 0 6 1 6 0 0 0 7 1 6 0 0 0 8 1 6 0 0 0 9 1 6 0 0 1 5 1 6 0 0 1 6 1 6 0 0 1 7 1 6 0 0 1 8 1 6 0 0 1 9 1 6 0 0 1 a 1 6 0 0 1 b 1 6 0 0 1 c 1 6 0 0 1 d 1 6 0 0 1 e 1 6 0 0 1 f 1 6 0 0 2 0 1 6 0 0 2 1 1 6 0 0 2 2 1 6 0 0 2 3 1 6 0 0 2 4 1 6 0 0 2 5 1 6 0 0 2 6 1 6 0 0 2 7 1 6 0 0 2 8 1 6 0 0 2 c 1 6 0 0 2 d 1 6 0 0 2 e 1 6 0 0 2 f 1 6 0 0 3 0 1 6 11100000 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x (36) (37) (38) (39) (40) (41) (42) (43) (44) (45) (46) (47) (48) register contents 0 0 3 4 1 6 0 0 3 5 1 6 0 0 3 6 1 6 0 0 3 8 1 6 0 0 3 9 1 6 0 0 3 a 1 6 0 0 3 b 1 6 0 0 3 c 1 6 0 0 3 d 1 6 0 0 3 e 1 6 0 0 3 f 1 6 ( p s ) ( p c h ) ( p c l ) a d d r e s s 0 0 1 6 0 0 1 6 0 0 1 6 0 0 1 6 0 0 1 6 0 0 1 6 xx x x x1 x x fffd 16 contents fffc 16 contents 00111111 01001000 00010000 x x x x x x x x x x 000000 000 0 100 x x x xx free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 46 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) clock generating circuit the 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) has two built-in os- cillation circuits: main clock x in -x out oscillation circuit and sub clock x cin -x cout oscillation circuit. an oscillation circuit can be formed by connecting a resonator between x in and x out (x cin and x cout ). use the circuit constants in accordance with the reso- nator manufacturer s recommended values. no external resistor is needed between x in and x out since a feed-back resistor exists on-chip. however, an external feed-back resistor is needed be- tween x cin and x cout . immediately after power on, only the x in oscillation circuit starts oscillating, and x cin and x cout pins function as i/o ports. frequency control (1) middle-speed mode the internal clock is the frequency of x in divided by 8. after re- set is released, this mode is selected. (2) high-speed mode the internal clock is half the frequency of x in . (3) low-speed mode the internal clock is half the frequency of x cin . note if you switch the mode between middle/high-speed and low- speed, stabilize both x in and x cin oscillations. the sufficient time is required for the sub-clock to stabilize, especially immediately af- ter power on and at returning from the stop mode. when switching the mode between middle/high-speed and low-speed, set the fre- quency on condition that f(x in ) > 3 f(x cin ). (4) low power dissipation mode the low power consumption operation can be realized by stopping the main clock x in in low-speed mode. to stop the main clock, set bit 5 of the cpu mode register to 1 . when the main clock x in is restarted (by setting the main clock stop bit to 0 ), set sufficient time for oscillation to stabilize. the sub-clock x cin -x cout oscillation circuit can not directly input clocks that are generated externally. accordingly, make sure to cause an external resonator to oscillate. oscillation control (1) stop mode if the stp instruction is executed, the internal clock stops at an h level, and x in and x cin oscillation stops. when the oscillation stabilizing time set after stp instruction released bit is 0 , the prescaler 12 is set to ff 16 and timer 1 is set to 01 16 . when the oscillation stabilizing time set after stp instruction released bit is 1 , set the sufficient time for oscillation of used oscillator to stabi- lize since nothing is set to the prescaler 12 and timer 1. either x in or x cin divided by 16 is input to the prescaler 12 as count source. oscillator restarts when an external interrupt is re- ceived, but the internal clock is not supplied to the cpu (remains at h ) until timer 1 underflows. the internal clock is supplied for the first time, when timer 1 underflows. this ensures time for the clock oscillation using the ceramic resonators to be stabilized. fig. 52 ceramic resonator circuit fig. 53 external clock input circuit when the oscillator is restarted by reset, apply l level to the reset pin until the oscillation is stable since a wait time will not be generated. (2) wait mode if the wit instruction is executed, the internal clock stops at an h level, but the oscillator does not stop. the internal clock re- starts at reset or when an interrupt is received. since the oscillator does not stop, normal operation can be started immediately after the clock is restarted. to ensure that the interrupts will be received to release the stp or wit state, their interrupt enable bits must be set to 1 before ex- ecuting of the stp or wit instruction. when releasing the stp state, the prescaler 12 and timer 1 will start counting the clock x in divided by 16. accordingly, set the timer 1 interrupt enable bit to 0 before executing the stp instruc- tion. note when using the oscillation stabilizing time set after stp instruction released bit set to 1 , evaluate time to stabilize oscillation of the used oscillator and set the value to the timer 1 and prescaler 12. x c i n x c o u t x i n x o u t c i n c o u t c c i n c c o u t r f r d x c i n x c o u t x i n x o u t c c i n c c o u t r f r d o p e n e x t e r n a l o s c i l l a t i o n c i r c u i t v c c v s s free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 47 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) fig. 54 structure of misrg notes on middle-speed mode automatic switch set bit when the middle-speed mode automatic switch set bit is set to 1 while operating in the low-speed mode, by detecting the rising/fall- ing edge of the scl or sda pin, x in oscillation automatically starts and the mode is automatically switched to the middle-speed mode. the timing which changes from the low-speed mode to the middle-speed mode can be set as 4.5 to 5.5 cycle, or 6.5 to 7.5 cycle in the low-speed mode by the middle-speed mode automatic switch waiting time set bit. select according to the oscillation start characteristic of the x in oscillator to be used. fig. 55 system clock generating circuit block diagram (single-chip mode) m i s r g ( m i s r g : a d d r e s s 0 0 3 8 1 6 ) o s c i l l a t i o n s t a b i l i z i n g t i m e s e t a f t e r s t p i n s t r u c t i o n r e l e a s e d b i t 0 : a u t o m a t i c a l l y s e t 0 1 1 6 t o t i m e r 1 , f f 1 6 t o p r e s c a l e r 1 2 1 : a u t o m a t i c a l l y s e t n o t h i n g b 7 b 0 n o t e :w h e n t h e m o d e i s a u t o m a t i c a l l y s w i t c h e d f r o m t h e l o w - s p e e d m o d e t o t h e m i d d l e - s p e e d m o d e , t h e v a l u e o f c p u m o d e r e g i s t e r ( a d d r e s s 0 0 3 b 1 6 ) c h a n g e s . n o t u s e d ( r e t u r n 0 w h e n r e a d ) m i d d l e - s p e e d m o d e a u t o m a t i c s w i t c h s t a r t b i t ( d e p e n d i n g o n p r o g r a m ) 0 : i n v a l i d 1 : a u t o m a t i c s w i t c h s t a r t m i d d l e - s p e e d m o d e a u t o m a t i c s w i t c h w a i t t i m e s e t b i t 0 : 4 . 5 t o 5 . 5 m a c h i n e c y c l e s 1 : 6 . 5 t o 7 . 5 m a c h i n e c y c l e s m i d d l e - s p e e d m o d e a u t o m a t i c s w i t c h s e t b i t 0 : n o t s e t a u t o m a t i c a l l y 1 : a u t o m a t i c s w i t c h i n g e n a b l e w i t i n s t r u c t i o n s t p i n s t r u c t i o n t i m i n g ( i n t e r n a l c l o c k ) s r q s t p i n s t r u c t i o n s r q m a i n c l o c k s t o p b i t s r q 1 / 2 1 / 4 x in x out x c o u t x c i n i n t e r r u p t r e q u e s t r e s e t i n t e r r u p t d i s a b l e f l a g l 1/2 p o r t x c s w i t c h b i t 1 0 low-speed mode h i g h - s p e e d o r m i d d l e - s p e e d m o d e middle-speed mode h i g h - s p e e d o r l o w - s p e e d m o d e m a i n c l o c k d i v i s i o n r a t i o s e l e c t i o n b i t s ( n o t e 1 ) n o t e s 1 : a n y o n e o f h i g h - s p e e d , m i d d l e - s p e e d o r l o w - s p e e d m o d e i s s e l e c t e d b y b i t s 7 a n d 6 o f t h e c p u m o d e r e g i s t e r . w h e n l o w - s p e e d m o d e i s s e l e c t e d , s e t p o r t x c s w i t c h b i t ( b 4 ) t o 1 . 2 : w h e n b i t 0 o f m i s r g = 0 main clock division ratio selection bits (note 1) ff 16 01 16 p r e s c a l e r 1 2 t i m e r 1 r e s e t o r s t p i n s t r u c t i o n ( n o t e 2 ) r e s e t timer 12 count source selection bit free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 48 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) fig. 56 state transitions of system clock c m 4 : p o r t x c s w i t c h b i t 0 : i / o p o r t f u n c t i o n ( s t o p o s c i l l a t i n g ) 1 : x c i n - x c o u t o s c i l l a t i n g f u n c t i o n c m 5 : m a i n c l o c k ( x i n - x o u t ) s t o p b i t 0 : o p e r a t i n g 1 : s t o p p e d c m 7 , c m 6 : m a i n c l o c k d i v i s i o n r a t i o s e l e c t i o n b i t s b 7 b 6 0 0 : = f ( x i n ) / 2 ( h i g h - s p e e d m o d e ) 0 1 : = f ( x i n ) / 8 ( m i d d l e - s p e e d m o d e ) 1 0 : = f ( x c i n ) / 2 ( l o w - s p e e d m o d e ) 1 1 : n o t a v a i l a b l e n o t e s r e s e t c m 4 1 0 c m 4 0 1 c m 6 1 0 c m 4 1 0 c m 6 1 0 c m 7 1 0 c m 4 1 0 c m 5 1 0 cm 6 1 0 cm 6 1 0 cpu mode register b7 b 4 c m 7 0 1 c m 6 1 0 ( c p u m : a d d r e s s 0 0 3 b 1 6 ) c m 7 = 0 c m 6 = 1 c m 5 = 0 ( 8 m h z o s c i l l a t i n g ) c m 4 = 0 ( 3 2 k h z s t o p p e d ) m i d d l e - s p e e d m o d e ( f ( ) = 1 m h z ) c m 7 = 0 c m 6 = 1 c m 5 = 0 ( 8 m h z o s c i l l a t i n g ) c m 4 = 1 ( 3 2 k h z o s c i l l a t i n g ) m i d d l e - s p e e d m o d e ( f ( ) = 1 m h z ) c m 7 = 0 c m 6 = 0 c m 5 = 0 ( 8 m h z o s c i l l a t i n g ) c m 4 = 0 ( 3 2 k h z s t o p p e d ) high-speed mode (f( ) = 4 mhz) c m 7 = 1 c m 6 = 0 c m 5 = 0 ( 8 m h z o s c i l l a t i n g ) c m 4 = 1 ( 3 2 k h z o s c i l l a t i n g ) low-speed mode (f( )=16 khz) cm 7 = 1 cm 6 = 0 cm 5 = 1 (8 mhz stopped) cm 4 = 1 (32 khz oscillating) l o w - s p e e d m o d e ( f ( ) = 1 6 k h z ) cm 7 = 0 cm 6 = 0 cm 5 = 0 (8 mhz oscillating) cm 4 = 1 (32 khz oscillating) high-speed mode (f( ) = 4 mhz) 1 : s w i t c h t h e m o d e b y t h e a l l o w s s h o w n b e t w e e n t h e m o d e b l o c k s . ( d o n o t s w i t c h b e t w e e n t h e m o d e s d i r e c t l y w i t h o u t a n a l l o w . ) 2 : t h e a l l m o d e s c a n b e s w i t c h e d t o t h e s t o p m o d e o r t h e w a i t m o d e a n d r e t u r n t o t h e s o u r c e m o d e w h e n t h e s t o p m o d e o r t h e w a i t m o d e i s e n d e d . 3 : t i m e r o p e r a t e s i n t h e w a i t m o d e . 4 : w h e n b i t 0 o f m i s r g i s 0 a n d t h e s t o p m o d e i s e n d e d , a d e l a y o f a p p r o x i m a t e l y 1 m s o c c u r s b y c o n n e c t i n g t i m e r 1 i n m i d d l e / h i g h - s p e e d m o d e . 5 : w h e n b i t 0 o f m i s r g i s 0 a n d t h e s t o p m o d e i s e n d e d , t h e f o l l o w i n g i s p e r f o r m e d . ( 1 ) a f t e r t h e c l o c k i s r e s t a r t e d , a d e l a y o f a p p r o x i m a t e l y 2 5 6 m s o c c u r s i n l o w - s p e e d m o d e i f t i m e r 1 2 c o u n t s o u r c e s e l e c t i o n b i t i s 0 . ( 2 ) a f t e r t h e c l o c k i s r e s t a r t e d , a d e l a y o f a p p r o x i m a t e l y 1 6 m s o c c u r s i n l o w - s p e e d m o d e i f t i m e r 1 2 c o u n t s o u r c e s e l e c t i o n b i t i s 1 . 6 : w a i t u n t i l o s c i l l a t i o n s t a b i l i z e s a f t e r o s c i l l a t i n g t h e m a i n c l o c k x i n b e f o r e t h e s w i t c h i n g f r o m t h e l o w - s p e e d m o d e t o m i d d l e / h i g h - s p e e d m o d e . 7 : t h e e x a m p l e a s s u m e s t h a t 8 m h z i s b e i n g a p p l i e d t o t h e x i n p i n a n d 3 2 k h z t o t h e x c i n p i n . i n d i c a t e s t h e i n t e r n a l c l o c k . free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 49 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) table 15 summary of m38517f8 (flash memory version) flash memory mode the m38517f8 (flash memory version) has an internal new dinor (divided bit line nor) flash memory that can be rewritten with a single power source when v cc is 5 v, and 2 power sources when v pp is 5 v and v cc is 3.0-5.5 v in the cpu rewrite and stan- dard serial i/o modes. for this flash memory, three flash memory modes are available in which to read, program, and erase: the parallel i/o and standard serial i/o modes in which the flash memory can be manipulated using a programmer and the cpu rewrite mode in which the flash memory can be manipulated by the central processing unit (cpu). summary table 15 lists the summary of the m38517f8 (flash memory ver- sion). the flash memory of the m38517f8 is divided into user rom area and boot rom area as shown in figure 57. in addition to the ordinary user rom area to store the mcu op- eration control program, the flash memory has a boot rom area that is used to store a program to control rewriting in cpu rewrite and standard serial i/o modes. this boot rom area has had a standard serial i/o mode control program stored in it when shipped from the factory. however, the user can write a rewrite control program in this area that suits the users application sys- tem. this boot rom area can be rewritten in only parallel i/o mode. item power source voltage v pp voltage (for program/erase) flash memory mode erase block division user rom area boot rom area program method erase method program/erase control method number of commands number of program/erase times rom code protection specifications vcc = 2.7?5.5 v (note 1) vcc = 2.7?.6 v (note 2) 4.5-5.5 v 3 modes (parallel i/o mode, standard serial i/o mode, cpu rewrite mode) 1 block (32 kbytes) 1 block (4 kbytes) ( note 3 ) byte program batch erasing program/erase control by software command 6 commands 100 times available in parallel i/o mode and standard serial i/o mode notes 1: the power source voltage must be vcc = 4.5?.5 v at program and erase operation. 2: the power source voltage can be vcc = 3.0?.6 v also at program and erase operation. 3: the boot rom area has had a standard serial i/o mode control program stored in it when shipped from the factory. this boot rom area can be rewritten in only parallel i/o mode. free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 50 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) fig. 57 block diagram of built-in flash memory (1) cpu rewrite mode in cpu rewrite mode, the internal flash memory can be operated on (read, program, or erase) under control of the central process- ing unit (cpu). in cpu rewrite mode, only the user rom area shown in figure 57 can be rewritten; the boot rom area cannot be rewritten. make sure the program and block erase commands are issued for only the user rom area and each block area. the control program for cpu rewrite mode can be stored in either user rom or boot rom area. in the cpu rewrite mode, because the flash memory cannot be read from the cpu, the rewrite con- trol program must be transferred to internal ram area to be executed before it can be executed. microcomputer mode and boot mode the control program for cpu rewrite mode must be written into the user rom or boot rom area in parallel i/o mode beforehand. (if the control program is written into the boot rom area, the stan- dard serial i/o mode becomes unusable.) see figure 57 for details about the boot rom area. normal microcomputer mode is entered when the microcomputer is reset with pulling cnv ss pin low. in this case, the cpu starts operating using the control program in the user rom area. when the microcomputer is reset by pulling the p4 1 /int 0 pin high, the cnvss pin high, the cpu starts operating using the control program in the boot rom area (program start address is fffc 16 , fffd 16 fixation). this mode is called the ?oot?mode. block address block addresses refer to the maximum address of each block. these addresses are used in the block erase command. in case of the m38517f8, it has only one block. 8 0 0 0 1 6 block 1 : 32 kbyte u s e r r o m a r e a 4 kb y t e f 0 0 0 1 6 ffff 16 ffff 16 b o o t r o m a r e a n o t e s 1 : t h e b o o t r o m a r e a c a n b e r e w r i t t e n i n o n l y p a r a l l e l i n p u t / o u t p u t m o d e . ( a c c e s s t o a n y o t h e r a r e a s i s i n h i b i t e d . ) 2 : t o s p e c i f y a b l o c k , u s e t h e m a x i m u m a d d r e s s i n t h e b l o c k . p r o d u c t n a m e f l a s h m e m o r y s t a r t a d d r e s s m 3 8 5 1 7 f 880 0 0 1 6 p a r a l l e l i / o m o d e 8000 16 b l o c k 1 : 3 2 k b y t e f f f f 1 6 c p u r e w r i t e m o d e , s t a n d a r d s e r i a l i / o m o d e u s e r r o m a r e a 4 kb y t e f 0 0 0 1 6 f f f f 1 6 b o o t r o m a r e a bsel = 0 bsel = 1 user area / boot area selection bit = 0 user area / boot area selection bit = 1 free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 51 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) outline performance (cpu rewrite mode) cpu rewrite mode is usable in the single-chip or boot mode. the only user rom area can be rewritten in cpu rewrite mode. in cpu rewrite mode, the cpu erases, programs and reads the in- ternal flash memory by executing software commands. this rewrite control program must be transferred to the ram before it can be executed. the mcu enters cpu rewrite mode by applying 5 v 0.5 v to the cnv ss pin and setting 1 to the cpu rewrite mode select bit (bit 1 of address 0ffe 16 ). software commands are accepted once the mode is entered. use software commands to control program and erase operations. whether a program or erase operation has terminated normally or in error can be verified by reading the status register. figure 58 shows the flash memory control register. bit 0 is the ry/by status flag used exclusively to read the operat- ing status of the flash memory. during programming and erase operations, it is 0 (busy). otherwise, it is 1 (ready). bit 1 is the cpu rewrite mode select bit. when this bit is set to 1 , the mcu enters cpu rewrite mode. software commands are accepted once the mode is entered. in cpu rewrite mode, the cpu becomes unable to access the internal flash memory directly. therefore, use the control program in the ram for write to bit 1. to set this bit to 1 , it is necessary to write 0 and then write 1 in succession. the bit can be set to 0 by only writing 0 . bit 2 is the cpu rewrite mode entry flag. this flag indicates 1 in cpu rewrite mode, so that reading this flag can check whether cpu rewrite mode has been entered or not. bit 3 is the flash memory reset bit used to reset the control circuit of internal flash memory. this bit is used when exiting cpu rewrite mode and when flash memory access has failed. when the cpu rewrite mode select bit is 1 , setting 1 for this bit resets the control circuit. to set this bit to 1 , it is necessary to write 0 and then write 1 in succession. to release the reset, it is necessary to set this bit to 0 . bit 4 is the user area/boot area select bit. when this bit is set to 1 , boot rom area is accessed, and cpu rewrite mode in boot rom area is available. in boot mode, this bit is set to 1 auto- matically. reprogramming of this bit must be in the ram. figure 59 shows a flowchart for setting/releasing cpu rewrite mode. fig. 58 structure of flash memory control register f l a s h m e m o r y c o n t r o l r e g i s t e r ( a d d r e s s 0 f f e 1 6 ) ( n o t e 1 ) f m c r ry/by status flag 0: busy (being programmed or erased) 1: ready cpu rewrite mode select bit ( note 2 ) 0: normal mode (software commands invalid) 1: cpu rewrite mode (software commands acceptable) cpu rewrite mode entry flag 0: normal mode 1: cpu rewrite mode flash memory reset bit (note 3 ) 0: normal operation 1: reset user rom area / boot rom area select bit (note 4 ) 0: user rom area accessed 1: boot rom area accessed reserved bits (indefinite at read/ 0 at write) b0 b 7 n o t e s1 : t h e c o n t e n t s o f f l a s h m e m o r y c o n t r o l r e g i s t e r a r e x x x 0 0 0 0 1 j u s t a f t e r r e s e t r e l e a s e . i n t h e m a s k r o m v e r s i o n , t h i s a d d r e s s i s r e s e r v e d a r e a . 2 : f o r t h i s b i t t o b e s e t t o 1 , t h e u s e r n e e d s t o w r i t e 0 a n d t h e n 1 t o i t i n s u c c e s s i o n . i f i t i s n o t t h i s p r o c e d u r e , t h i s b i t w i l l n o t b e s e t t o 1 . a d d i t i o n a l l y , i t i s r e q u i r e d t o e n s u r e t h a t n o i n t e r r u p t w i l l b e g e n e r a t e d d u r i n g t h a t i n t e r v a l . u s e t h e c o n t r o l p r o g r a m i n t h e a r e a e x c e p t t h e b u i l t - i n f l a s h m e m o r y f o r w r i t e t o t h i s b i t . 3 : t h i s b i t i s v a l i d w h e n t h e c p u r e w r i t e m o d e s e l e c t b i t i s 1 . s e t t h i s b i t 3 t o 0 s u b s e q u e n t l y a f t e r s e t t i n g b i t 3 t o 1 . 4 : u s e t h e c o n t r o l p r o g r a m i n t h e a r e a e x c e p t t h e b u i l t - i n f l a s h m e m o r y f o r w r i t e t o t h i s b i t . free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 52 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) fig. 59 cpu rewrite mode set/release flowchart end s t a r t e x e c u t e r e a d a r r a y c o m m a n d o r r e s e t f l a s h m e m o r y b y s e t t i n g f l a s h m e m o r y r e s e t b i t ( b y w r i t i n g 1 a n d t h e n 0 i n s u c c e s s i o n ) (note 3) single-chip mode or boot mode (note 1) set cpu mode register (note 2) using software command execute erase, program, or other operation j u m p t o c o n t r o l p r o g r a m t r a n s f e r r e d i n r a m ( s u b s e q u e n t o p e r a t i o n s a r e e x e c u t e d b y c o n t r o l p r o g r a m i n t h i s r a m ) t r a n s f e r c p u r e w r i t e m o d e c o n t r o l p r o g r a m t o r a m notes 1 : when starting the mcu in the single-chip mode, supply 4.5 v to 5.5 v to the cnvss pin until checking the cpu rewrite mode entry flag. 2 : set bits 6, 7 (main clock division ratio selection bits) at cpu mode register (003b 16 ). 3 : before exiting the cpu rewrite mode after completing erase or program operation, always be sure to execute the read array command or reset the flash memory. w r i t e 0 t o c p u r e w r i t e m o d e s e l e c t b i t s e t c p u r e w r i t e m o d e s e l e c t b i t t o 1 ( b y w r i t i n g 0 a n d t h e n 1 i n s u c c e s s i o n ) c h e c k c p u r e w r i t e m o d e e n t r y f l a g s e t t i n g r e l e a s e d free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 53 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) precautions on cpu rewrite mode described below are the precautions to be observed when rewriting the flash memory in cpu rewrite mode. (1) operation speed during cpu rewrite mode, set the internal clock frequency 4.0 mhz or less using the main clock division ratio selection bits (bit 6, 7 at 003b 16 ). (2) instructions inhibited against use the instructions which refer to the internal data of the flash memory cannot be used during cpu rewrite mode . (3) interrupts inhibited against use the interrupts cannot be used during cpu rewrite mode be- cause they refer to the internal data of the flash memory. (4) watchdog timer in case of the watchdog timer has been running already, the in- ternal reset generated by watchdog timer underflow does not happen, because of watchdog timer is always clearing during program or erase operation. (5) reset reset is always valid. in case of cnv ss = h when reset is re- leased, boot mode is active. so the program starts from the ad- dress contained in address fffc 16 and fffd 16 in boot rom area. free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 54 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) software commands (cpu rewrite mode) table 16 lists the software commands. after setting the cpu rewrite mode select bit of the flash memory control register to 1 , execute a software command to specify an erase or program operation. each software command is explained below. read array command (ff 16 ) the read array mode is entered by writing the command code ff 16 in the first bus cycle. when an address to be read is input in one of the bus cycles that follow, the contents of the specified ad- dress are read out at the data bus (d 0 to d 7 ). the read array mode is retained intact until another command is written. read status register command (70 16 ) the read status register mode is entered by writing the command code 70 16 in the first bus cycle. the contents of the status regis- ter are read out at the data bus (d 0 to d 7 ) by a read in the second bus cycle. the status register is explained in the next section. clear status register command (50 16 ) this command is used to clear the bits sr1, sr4, and sr5 of the status register after they have been set. these bits indicate that operation has ended in an error. to use this command, write the command code 50 16 in the first bus cycle. program command (40 16 ) program operation starts when the command code 40 16 is writ- ten in the first bus cycle. then, if the address and data to program are written in the 2nd bus cycle, program operation (data program- ming and verification) will start. whether the write operation is completed can be confirmed by _____ reading the status register or the ry/by status flag of the flash memory control register. when the program starts, the read status table 16 list of software commands (cpu rewrite mode) register mode is entered automatically and the contents of the sta- tus register is read at the data bus (d 0 to d 7 ). the status register bit 7 (sr7) is set to 0 at the same time the write operation starts and is returned to 1 upon completion of the write operation. in this case, the read status register mode remains active until the next command is written. ____ the ry/by status flag is 0 (busy) during write operation and 1 (ready) when the write operation is completed as is the status reg- ister bit 7. at program end, program results can be checked by reading bit 4 (sr4) of the status register. fig. 60 program flowchart s t a r t write 40 16 s t a t u s r e g i s t e r r e a d program completed (read array command ff 16 write) no y e s w r i t e a d d r e s s w r i t e d a t a s r 4 = 0 ? p r o g r a m e r r o r no y e s s r 7 = 1 ? o r r y / b y = 1 ? write command p r o g r a m c l e a r s t a t u s r e g i s t e r r e a d a r r a y r e a d s t a t u s r e g i s t e r x x first bus cycle s e c o n d b u s c y c l e f f 1 6 7 0 1 6 5 0 1 6 4 0 1 6 w r i t e w r i t e w r i t e w r i t e xs r d r e a d w r i t e e r a s e a l l b l o c k s2 0 1 6 w r i t ex2 0 1 6 w r i t e (note 2) w a (note 3) w d ( n o t e 3 ) b l o c k e r a s e2 0 1 6 w r i t ed 0 1 6 w r i t eb a (note 4) mode address mode a d d r e s s data (d 0 to d 7 ) ( d 0 t o d 7 ) (note 1) notes 1: x denotes a given address in the user rom area . 2: srd = status register data 3: wa = write address, wd = write data 4: ba = block address to be erased (input the maximum address of each block.) c y c l e n u m b e r 1 2 1 2 2 2 x x x x d a t a free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 55 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) erase all blocks command (20 16 /20 16 ) by writing the command code 20 16 in the first bus cycle and the confirmation command code 20 16 in the second bus cycle that follows, the operation of erase all blocks (erase and erase verify) starts. whether the erase all blocks command is terminated can be con- ____ firmed by reading the status register or the ry/by status flag of flash memory control register. when the erase all blocks operation starts, the read status register mode is entered automatically and the contents of the status register can be read out at the data bus (d 0 to d 7 ). the status register bit 7 (sr7) is set to 0 at the same time the erase operation starts and is returned to 1 upon comple- tion of the erase operation. in this case, the read status register mode remains active until another command is written. ____ the ry/by status flag is 0 during erase operation and 1 when the erase operation is completed as is the status register bit 7 (sr7). after the erase all blocks end, erase results can be checked by reading bit 5 (srs) of the status register. for details, refer to the section where the status register is detailed. block erase command (20 16 /d0 16 ) by writing the command code 20 16 in the first bus cycle and the confirmation command code d0 16 and the block address in the second bus cycle that follows, the block erase (erase and erase verify) operation starts for the block address of the flash memory to be specified. whether the block erase operation is completed can be confirmed ____ by reading the status register or the ry/by status flag of flash memory control register. at the same time the block erase opera- tion starts, the read status register mode is automatically entered, so that the contents of the status register can be read out. the status register bit 7 (sr7) is set to 0 at the same time the block erase operation starts and is returned to 1 upon completion of the block erase operation. in this case, the read status register mode remains active until the read array command (ff 16 ) is writ- ten. ____ the ry/by status flag is 0 during block erase operation and 1 when the block erase operation is completed as is the status reg- ister bit 7. after the block erase ends, erase results can be checked by read- ing bit 5 (srs) of the status register. for details, refer to the section where the status register is detailed. fig. 61 erase flowchart w r i t e 2 0 1 6 2 0 1 6 / d 0 1 6 b l o c k a d d r e s s e r a s e c o m p l e t e d ( r e a d c o m a n d f f 1 6 w r i t e ) n o y e s s t a r t write s r 5 = 0 ? e r a s e e r r o r yes n o 2 0 1 6 : e r a s e a l l b l o c k s c o m m a n d d 0 1 6 : b l o c k e r a s e c o m m a n d sr 7 = 1 ? or ry/by = 1 ? s t a t u s r e g i s t e r r e a d free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 56 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) symbol table 17 definition of each bit in status register (srd) status register (srd) the status register shows the operating status of the flash memory and whether erase operations and programs ended suc- cessfully or in error. it can be read in the following ways: (1) by reading an arbitrary address from the user rom area after writing the read status register command (70 16 ) (2) by reading an arbitrary address from the user rom area in the period from when the program starts or erase operation starts to when the read array command (ff 16 ) is input. also, the status register can be cleared by writing the clear status register command (50 16 ). after reset, the status register is set to 80 16 . table 17 shows the status register. each bit in this register is ex- plained below. sequencer status (sr7) the sequencer status indicates the operating status of the flash memory. this bit is set to 0 (busy) during write or erase operation and is set to 1 when these operations ends. after power-on, the sequencer status is set to 1 (ready). erase status (sr5) the erase status indicates the operating status of erase operation. if an erase error occurs, it is set to 1 . when the erase status is cleared, it is set to 0 . program status (sr4) the program status indicates the operating status of write opera- tion. when a write error occurs, it is set to 1 . the program status is set to 0 when it is cleared. if 1 is written for any of the sr5 and sr4 bits, the program, erase all blocks, and block erase commands are not accepted. before executing these commands, execute the clear status regis- ter command (50 16 ) and clear the status register. also, if any commands are not correct, both sr5 and sr4 are set to 1 . sr7 (bit7) sr6 (bit6) sr5 (bit5) sr4 (bit4) sr3 (bit3) sr2 (bit2) sr1 (bit1) sr0 (bit0) definition 1 0 status name sequencer status reserved erase status program status reserved reserved reserved reserved ready - terminated in error terminated in error - - - - busy - terminated normally terminated normally - - - - free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 57 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) full status check by performing full status check, it is possible to know the execu- tion results of erase and program operations. figure 62 shows a fig. 62 full status check flowchart and remedial procedure for errors full status check flowchart and the action to be taken when each error occurs. read status register sr4 = 1 and sr5 = 1 ? n o yes s r 5 = 0 ? y e s er a s e e r r o r n o s r 4 = 0 ? y e s n o command sequence error program error e n d ( e r a s e , p r o g r a m ) e x e c u t e t h e c l e a r s t a t u s r e g i s t e r c o m m a n d ( 5 0 1 6 ) t o c l e a r t h e s t a t u s r e g i s t e r . t r y p e r f o r m i n g t h e o p e r a t i o n o n e m o r e t i m e a f t e r c o n f i r m i n g t h a t t h e c o m m a n d i s e n t e r e d c o r r e c t l y . s h o u l d a n e r a s e e r r o r o c c u r , t h e b l o c k i n e r r o r c a n n o t b e u s e d . n o t e : w h e n o n e o f s r 5 a n d s r 4 i s s e t t o 1 , n o n e o f t h e r e a d a r r a y , t h e p r o g r a m , e r a s e a l l b l o c k s , a n d b l o c k e r a s e c o m m a n d s i s a c c e p t e d . e x e c u t e t h e c l e a r s t a t u s r e g i s t e r c o m m a n d ( 5 0 1 6 ) b e f o r e e x e c u t i n g t h e s e c o m m a n d s . s h o u l d a p r o g r a m e r r o r o c c u r , t h e b l o c k i n e r r o r c a n n o t b e u s e d . free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 58 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) functions to inhibit rewriting flash memory version to prevent the contents of internal flash memory from being read out or rewritten easily, this mcu incorporates a rom code protect function for use in parallel i/o mode and an id code check func- tion for use in standard serial i/o mode. rom code protect function (in parallel i/o mode) the rom code protect function is the function to inhibit reading out or modifying the contents of internal flash memory by using the rom code protect control (address ffdb 16 ) in parallel i/o mode. figure 63 shows the rom code protect control (address ffdb 16 ). (this address exists in the user rom area.) if one or both of the pair of rom code protect bits is set to 0 , the rom code protect is turned on, so that the contents of internal flash memory are protected against readout and modification. the rom code protect is implemented in two levels. if level 2 is se- lected, the flash memory is protected even against readout by a shipment inspection lsi tester, etc. when an attempt is made to select both level 1 and level 2, level 2 is selected by default. if both of the two rom code protect reset bits are set to 00 , the rom code protect is turned off, so that the contents of internal flash memory can be read out or modified. once the rom code protect is turned on, the contents of the rom code protect reset bits cannot be modified in parallel i/o mode. use the serial i/o or cpu rewrite mode to rewrite the contents of the rom code pro- tect reset bits. fig. 63 structure of rom code protect control r o m c o d e p r o t e c t c o n t r o l r e g i s t e r ( a d d r e s s f f d b 1 6 ) ( n o t e 1 ) r o m c p r e s e r v e d b i t s ( 1 a t r e a d / w r i t e ) r o m c o d e p r o t e c t l e v e l 2 s e t b i t s ( r o m c p 2 ) ( n o t e s 2 , 3 ) b 3 b 2 0 0 : p r o t e c t e n a b l e d 0 1 : p r o t e c t e n a b l e d 1 0 : p r o t e c t e n a b l e d 1 1 : p r o t e c t d i s a b l e d r o m c o d e p r o t e c t r e s e t b i t s ( n o t e 4 ) b 5 b 4 0 0 : p r o t e c t r e m o v e d 0 1 : p r o t e c t s e t b i t s e f f e c t i v e 1 0 : p r o t e c t s e t b i t s e f f e c t i v e 1 1 : p r o t e c t s e t b i t s e f f e c t i v e r o m c o d e p r o t e c t l e v e l 1 s e t b i t s ( r o m c p 1 ) ( n o t e 2 ) b 7 b 6 0 0 : p r o t e c t e n a b l e d 0 1 : p r o t e c t e n a b l e d 1 0 : p r o t e c t e n a b l e d 1 1 : p r o t e c t d i s a b l e d b 0 b 7 notes 1 : this area is on the rom in the mask rom version. 2 : when rom code protect is turned on, the internal flash memory is protected against readout or modification in parallel i/o mode. 3 : when rom code protect level 2 is turned on, rom code readout by a shipment inspection lsi tester, etc. also is inhibited. 4 : the rom code protect reset bits can be used to turn off rom code protect level 1 and rom code protect level 2. however, since these bits cannot be modified in parallel i/o mode, they need to be rewritten in standard serial i/o mode or cpu rewrite mode. 1 1 free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 59 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) id code check function (in standard serial i/o mode) use this function in standard serial i/o mode. when the contents of the flash memory are not blank, the id code sent from the pro- grammer is compared with the id code written in the flash memory to see if they match. if the id codes do not match, the commands sent from the programmer are not accepted. the id code consists of 8-bit data, and its areas are ffd4 16 to ffda 16 . write a pro- gram which has had the id code preset at these addresses to the flash memory. fig. 64 id code store addresses rom code protect control id7 id6 i d 5 i d 4 id3 id2 i d 1 ffdb 16 ffda 16 ffd9 16 f f d 8 1 6 f f d 7 1 6 f f d 6 1 6 f f d 5 1 6 f f d 4 1 6 a d d r e s s i n t e r r u p t v e c t o r a r e a free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 60 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) (2) parallel i/o mode parallel i/o mode is the mode which parallel output and input soft- ware command, address, and data required for the operations (read, program, erase, etc.) to a built-in flash memory. use the ex- clusive external equipment flash programmer which supports the 3851 group (flash memory version). refer to each programmer maker s handling manual for the details of the usage. user rom and boot rom areas in parallel i/o mode, the user rom and boot rom areas shown in figure 57 can be rewritten. both areas of flash memory can be oper- ated on in the same way. program and block erase operations can be performed in the user rom area. the user rom area and its block is shown in figure 57. the boot rom area is 4 kbytes in size. it is located at addresses f000 16 through ffff 16 . make sure program and block erase opera- tions are always performed within this address range. (access to any location outside this address range is prohibited.) in the boot rom area, an erase block operation is applied to only one 4 kbyte block. the boot rom area has had a standard serial i/o mode control program stored in it when shipped from the renesas factory. therefore, using the device in standard serial i/o mode, you do not need to write to the boot rom area. free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 61 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) (3) standard serial i/o mode the standard serial i/o mode inputs and outputs the software commands, addresses and data needed to operate (read, pro- gram, erase, etc.) the internal flash memory. this i/o is clock synchronized serial. this mode requires the exclusive external equipment (serial programmer). the standard serial i/o mode is different from the parallel i/o mode in that the cpu controls flash memory rewrite (uses the cpu rewrite mode), rewrite data input and so forth. the standard serial i/o mode is started by connecting h to the p2 6 (s clk1 ) pin and h to the p4 1 (int 0 ) pin and h to the cnv ss pin (apply 4.5 v to 5.5 v to vpp from an external source), and releasing the re- set operation. (in the ordinary microcomputer mode, set cnvss pin to l level.) this control program is written in the boot rom area when the product is shipped from renesas technology corporation. accord- ingly, make note of the fact that the standard serial i/o mode cannot be used if the boot rom area is rewritten in parallel i/o mode. figure 65 shows the pin connection for the standard serial i/o mode. in standard serial i/o mode, serial data i/o uses the four serial i/o pins s clk1 , rxd, txd and s rdy1 (busy). the s clk1 pin is the transfer clock input pin through which an external transfer clock is input. the txd pin is for cmos output. the s rdy1 (busy) pin outputs l level when ready for reception and h level when re- ception starts. serial data i/o is transferred serially in 8-bit units. in standard serial i/o mode, only the user rom area shown in figure 57 can be rewritten. the boot rom area cannot. in standard serial i/o mode, a 7-byte id code is used. when there is data in the flash memory, commands sent from the peripheral unit (programmer) are not accepted unless the id code matches. outline performance (standard serial i/o mode) in standard serial i/o mode, software commands, addresses and data are input and output between the mcu and peripheral units (serial programmer, etc.) using 4-wire clock-synchronized serial i/o (serial i/o1). in reception, software commands, addresses and program data are synchronized with the rise of the transfer clock that is input to the s clk1 pin, and are then input to the mcu via the rxd pin. in transmission, the read data and status are synchronized with the fall of the transfer clock, and output from the txd pin. the txd pin is for cmos output. transfer is in 8-bit units with lsb first. when busy, such as during transmission, reception, erasing or program execution, the s rdy1 (busy) pin is h level. accord- ingly, always start the next transfer after the s rdy1 (busy) pin is l level. also, data and status registers in a memory can be read after in- putting software commands. status, such as the operating state of the flash memory or whether a program or erase operation ended successfully or not, can be checked by reading the status register. here following explains software commands, status registers, etc. free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 62 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) table 18 description of pin function (standard serial i/o mode) pin description v cc ,v ss apply program/erase protection voltage to vcc pin and 0 v to vss pin. cnv ss connect to v cc when v cc = 4.5 v to 5.5 v. connect to vpp (=4.5 v to 5.5 v) when v cc = 2.7 v to 4.5 v. reset reset input pin. while reset is l level, a 20 cycle or longer clock must be input to x in pin. x in connect a ceramic resonator or crystal oscillator between x in and x out pins. to input an externally generated clock, input it to x in pin and open x out pin. x out name power input cnv ss reset input clock input clock output i/o i i i o av ss v ref connect av ss to v ss . enter the reference voltage for ad from this pin, or open. p0 0 to p0 7 input h or l , or open. p1 0 to p1 7 input h or l , or open. p2 0 to p2 3 this pin is for serial data input. analog power supply input reference voltage input input port p0 input port p1 input port p2 i i i i p4 1 input h when reset is released only. p4 0 , p4 2 to p4 4 p2 4 this pin is for serial data output. p2 5 p2 6 this pin is for serial clock input. p2 7 input port p4 input port p4 rxd input txd output s clk1 input busy output i i i i p3 0 to p3 4 input port p3 i o o input h or l , or open. this pin is for busy signal output. input h or l , or open. input h or l , or open. free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 63 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) fig. 65 pin connection diagram in standard serial i/o mode p4 0 /cntr 1 p4 1 /int 0 p4 2 /int 1 p4 3 /int 2 /s cmp2 av ss p4 4 /int 3 /pwm v ref p3 1 /an 1 p3 2 /an 2 p0 0 /s in2 p0 4 p0 5 p0 6 p0 7 p1 1 /(led 1 ) p1 2 /(led 2 ) p1 3 /(led 3 ) p1 4 /(led 4 ) p1 5 /(led 5 ) p1 0 /(led 0 ) p0 1 /s out2 p0 2 /s clk2 p3 0 /an 0 p3 3 /an 3 p3 4 /an 4 40 41 42 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 34 35 36 37 38 39 33 3 2 1 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 9 8 7 6 5 4 10 m38517f8sp/fp p1 6 /(led 6 ) p1 7 /(led 7 ) p2 7 /cntr 0 /s rdy1 p2 6 /s clk1 p2 5 /txd p2 4 /rxd cnv ss p2 1 /x cin p2 0 /x cout reset x in x out v ss p0 3 /s rdy2 p4 1 s clk1 ? 1 p2 3 /scl 1 p2 2 /sda 1 v cc v ss v cc reset v pp ? 2 r x d txd rxd b usy notes 1: connect oscillator circuit 2: connect to vcc when vcc = 4.5 v to 5.5 v. connect to v pp (=4.5 v to 5.5 v) when vcc = 2.7 v to 4.5 v. 3: it is necessary to apply vcc only when reset is released. signal value cnv ss reset mode setup method 4.5 to 5.5 v v ss v cc s clk1 v cc ? 3 p4 1 v cc ? 3 free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 64 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) software commands (standard serial i/o mode) table 19 lists software commands. in standard serial i/o mode, erase, program and read are controlled by transferring software 2nd byte address (middle) 3rd byte address (high) 4th byte data output 5th byte data output 6th byte data output ..... data output to 259th byte data input to 259th byte ff 16 when id is not verified 1st byte transfer notes1: shading indicates transfer from the internal flash memory microcomputer to a programmer. all other data is transferred from an external equipment (programmer) to the internal flash memory microcomputer. 2: srd refers to status register data. srd1 refers to status register 1 data. 3: all commands can be accepted when the flash memory is totally blank. 4: address high must be 00 16 . commands via the rxd pin. software commands are explained here below. table 19 software commands (standard serial i/o mode) 1 page read 41 16 address (middle) address (high) data input data input data input not acceptable not acceptable a7 16 d0 16 70 16 srd output srd1 output acceptable 50 16 not acceptable f5 16 address (low) address (middle) address (high) id size id1 to id7 acceptable fa 16 data input to required number of times not acceptable fb 16 version data output version data output version data output version data output version data output version data output to 9th byte control command 2 page program 3 erase all blocks 4 read status register 5 clear status register 6 id code check 7 download function 8 version data output function size (low) size (high) check- sum acceptable not acceptable free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 65 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) read status register command this command reads status information. when the 70 16 com- mand code is transferred with the 1st byte, the contents of the status register (srd) with the 2nd byte and the contents of status register 1 (srd1) with the 3rd byte are read. page read command this command reads the specified page (256 bytes) in the flash memory sequentially one byte at a time. execute the page read command as explained here following. (1) transfer the ff 16 command code with the 1st byte. (2) transfer addresses a 8 to a 15 and a 16 to a 23 with the 2nd and 3rd bytes respectively. (3) from the 4th byte onward, data (d 0 to d 7 ) for the page (256 bytes) specified with addresses a 8 to a 23 will be output se- quentially from the smallest address first synchronized with the fall of the clock. fig. 66 timing for page read fig. 67 timing for reading status register data0 data255 a 8 to a 15 a 16 to a 23 ff 16 s clk1 rxd txd s rdy1 (busy) srd output srd1 output s clk1 rxd txd s rdy1 (busy) 70 16 free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 66 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) fig. 68 timing for clear status register clear status register command this command clears the bits (sr4, sr5) which are set when the status register operation ends in error. when the 50 16 command code is sent with the 1st byte, the aforementioned bits are cleared. when the clear status register operation ends, the s rdy1 (busy) signal changes from h to l level. page program command this command writes the specified page (256 bytes) in the flash memory sequentially one byte at a time. execute the page pro- gram command as explained here following. (1) transfer the 41 16 command code with the 1st byte. (2) transfer addresses a 8 to a 15 and a 16 to a 23 ( 00 16 ) with the 2nd and 3rd bytes respectively. (3) from the 4th byte onward, as write data (d 0 to d 7 ) for the page (256 bytes) specified with addresses a 8 to a 23 is input sequentially from the smallest address first, that page is auto- matically written. when reception setup for the next 256 bytes ends, the s rdy1 (busy) signal changes from h to l level. the result of the page program can be known by reading the status register. for more information, see the section on the status register. fig. 69 timing for page program s clk1 rxd txd s rdy1 (busy) 50 16 a 8 to a 15 a 16 to a 23 41 16 data0 data255 s clk1 rxd txd s rdy1 (busy) free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 67 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) erase all blocks command this command erases the contents of all blocks. execute the erase all blocks command as explained here following. (1) transfer the a7 16 command code with the 1st byte. (2) transfer the verify command code d0 16 with the 2nd byte. with the verify command code, the erase operation will start and continue for all blocks in the flash memory. when erase all blocks end, the s rdy1 (busy) signal changes from h to l level. the result of the erase operation can be known by reading the status register. fig. 70 timing for erase all blocks a7 16 d0 16 s clk1 rxd txd s rdy1 (busy) free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 68 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) download command this command downloads a program to the ram for execution. execute the download command as explained here following. (1) transfer the fa 16 command code with the 1st byte. (2) transfer the program size with the 2nd and 3rd bytes. (3) transfer the check sum with the 4th byte. the check sum is added to all data sent with the 5th byte onward. (4) the program to execute is sent with the 5th byte onward. when all data has been transmitted, if the check sum matches, the downloaded program is executed. the size of the program will vary according to the internal ram. fig. 71 timing for download fa 16 program data program data data size (low) check sum s clk1 rxd txd s rdy1 (busy) data size (high) free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 69 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) version information output command this command outputs the version information of the control pro- gram stored in the boot rom area. execute the version information output command as explained here following. (1) transfer the fb 16 command code with the 1st byte. (2) the version information will be output from the 2nd byte on- ward. this data is composed of 8 ascii code characters. fig. 72 timing for version information output fb 16 x v e r s clk1 rxd txd s rdy1 (busy) free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 70 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) id check this command checks the id code. execute the boot id check command as explained here following. id code when the flash memory is not blank, the id code sent from the se- rial programmer and the id code written in the flash memory are compared to see if they match. if the codes do not match, the command sent from the serial programmer is not accepted. an id code contains 8 bits of data. area is, from the 1st byte, addresses ffd4 16 to ffda 16 . write a program into the flash memory, which already has the id code set for these addresses. fig. 73 timing for id check fig. 74 id code storage addresses (1) transfer the f5 16 command code with the 1st byte. (2) transfer addresses a 0 to a 7 , a 8 to a 15 and a 16 to a 23 ( 00 16 ) of the 1st byte of the id code with the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th bytes respectively. (3) transfer the number of data sets of the id code with the 5th byte. (4) transfer the id code with the 6th byte onward, starting with the 1st byte of the code. id size id1 id7 f5 16 d4 16 ff 16 00 16 s clk1 rxd txd s rdy1 (busy) r o m c o d e p r o t e c t c o n t r o l id7 id6 id5 id4 id3 id2 id1 f f d b 1 6 ffda 16 ffd9 16 f f d 8 1 6 f f d 7 1 6 f f d 6 1 6 f f d 5 1 6 f f d 4 1 6 address i n t e r r u p t v e c t o r a r e a free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 71 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) status register (srd) the status register indicates operating status of the flash memory and status such as whether an erase operation or a program ended successfully or in error. it can be read by writing the read status register command (70 16 ). also, the status register is cleared by writing the clear status register command (50 16 ). table 20 lists the definition of each status register bit. after releas- ing the reset, the status register becomes 80 16 . sequencer status (sr7) the sequencer status indicates the operating status of the flash memory. after power-on and recover from deep power down mode, the se- quencer status is set to 1 (ready). this status bit is set to 0 (busy) during write or erase operation and is set to 1 upon completion of these operations. erase status (sr5) the erase status indicates the operating status of erase operation. if an erase error occurs, it is set to 1 . when the erase status is cleared, it is set to 0 . program status (sr4) the program status indicates the operating status of write opera- tion. if a program error occurs, it is set to 1 . when the program status is cleared, it is set to 0 . srd0 bits sr7 (bit7) sr6 (bit6) sr5 (bit5) sr4 (bit4) sr3 (bit3) sr2 (bit2) sr1 (bit1) sr0 (bit0) definition 1 0 table 20 definition of each bit of status register (srd) status name sequencer status reserved erase status program status reserved reserved reserved reserved ready - terminated in error terminated in error - - - - busy - terminated normally terminated normally - - - - free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 72 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) status register 1 (srd1) the status register 1 indicates the status of serial communica- tions, results from id checks and results from check sum comparisons. it can be read after the status register (srd) by writ- ing the read status register command (70 16 ). also, status register 1 is cleared by writing the clear status register command (50 16 ). table 21 lists the definition of each status register 1 bit. this regis- ter becomes 00 16 when power is turned on and the flag status is maintained even after the reset. table 21 definition of each bit of status register 1 (srd1) 00 not verified 01 verification mismatch 10 reserved 11 verified sr15 (bit7) sr14 (bit6) sr13 (bit5) sr12 (bit4) sr11 (bit3) sr10 (bit2) sr9 (bit1) sr8 (bit0) boot update completed bit reserved reserved checksum match bit id check completed bits data reception time out reserved 1 update completed - - match time out - 0 not update - - mismatch normal operation - definition srd1 bits status name boot update completed bit (sr15) this flag indicates whether the control program was downloaded to the ram or not, using the download function. check sum consistency bit (sr12) this flag indicates whether the check sum matches or not when a program, is downloaded for execution using the download func- tion. id check completed bits (sr11 and sr10) these flags indicate the result of id checks. some commands cannot be accepted without an id code check. data reception time out (sr9) this flag indicates when a time out error is generated during data reception. if this flag is attached during data reception, the re- ceived data is discarded and the mcu returns to the command wait state. free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 73 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) full status check results from executed erase and program operations can be known by running a full status check. figure 75 shows a flowchart of the full status check and explains how to remedy errors which occur. fig. 75 full status check flowchart and remedial procedure for errors read status register s r 4 = 1 a n d s r5 = 1 ? no y e s sr5 = 0 ? y e s er a s e e r r o r no sr4 = 0 ? y e s n o command sequence error program error end (erase, program) e x e c u t e t h e c l e a r s t a t u s r e g i s t e r c o m m a n d ( 5 0 1 6 ) t o c l e a r t h e s t a t u s r e g i s t e r . t r y p e r f o r m i n g t h e o p e r a t i o n o n e m o r e t i m e a f t e r c o n f i r m i n g t h a t t h e c o m m a n d i s e n t e r e d c o r r e c t l y . s h o u l d a n e r a s e e r r o r o c c u r , t h e b l o c k i n e r r o r c a n n o t b e u s e d . note : when one of sr5 to sr4 is set to 1 , none of the program, erase all blocks commands is accepted. execute the clear status register command (50 16 ) before executing these commands. s h o u l d a p r o g r a m e r r o r o c c u r , t h e b l o c k i n e r r o r c a n n o t b e u s e d . free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 74 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) example circuit application for standard serial i/o mode figure 76 shows a circuit application for the standard serial i/o mode. control pins will vary according to a programmer, therefore see a programmer manual for more information. fig. 76 example circuit application for standard serial i/o mode s rdy1 (busy) s clk1 r x d t x d cnvss clock input busy output data input data output m38517f8 notes 1: control pins and external circuitry will vary according to peripheral unit. for more information, see the peripheral unit manual. 2: in this example, the vpp power supply is supplied from an external source (writer). to use the user s power source, connect to 4.5 v to 5.5 v. 3: it is necessar y to a pp l y vcc to s clk1 p in onl y when reset is released. v pp power source input p4 1 free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 75 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) table 23 flash memory mode electrical characteristics (ta = 25 o c, v cc = 4.5 to 5.5v unless otherwise noted) flash memory electrical characteristics limits parameter min. typ. max. symbol unit conditions i pp1 i pp2 i pp3 v pp v cc 4.5 table 22 absolute maximum ratings power source voltage input voltage p0 0 p0 7 , p1 0 p1 7 , p2 0 , p2 1, p2 4 p2 7 , p3 0 p3 4 , p4 0 p4 4 , v ref input voltage p2 2 , p2 3 input voltage reset, x in input voltage cnv ss output voltage p0 0 p0 7 , p1 0 p1 7 , p2 0 , p2 1, p2 4 p2 7 , p3 0 p3 4 , p4 0 p4 4 , x out output voltage p2 2 , p2 3 power dissipation operating temperature storage temperature v cc v i v i v i v i v o v o p d t opr t stg symbol parameter conditions ratings 0.3 to 6.5 0.3 to v cc +0.3 0.3 to 5.8 0.3 to v cc +0.3 0.3 to 6.5 0.3 to v cc +0.3 0.3 to 5.8 1000 (note) 255 40 to 125 v v v v v v v mw c c unit t a = 25 c all voltages are based on v ss . output transistors are cut off. note: the rating becomes 300 mw at the 42p2r-a/e package. 4.5 3.0 5.5 3.6 v v v pp power source current (read) v pp power source current (program) v pp power source current (erase) v pp power source voltage v cc power source voltage 100 60 30 5.5 a ma ma v v pp = v cc v pp = v cc v pp = v cc microcomputer mode operation at v cc = 2.7 to 5.5v microcomputer mode operation at v cc = 2.7 to 3.6v free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 76 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) notes on programming processor status register the contents of the processor status register (ps) after a reset are undefined, except for the interrupt disable flag (i) which is 1 . af- ter a reset, initialize flags which affect program execution. in particular, it is essential to initialize the index x mode (t) and the decimal mode (d) flags because of their effect on calculations. interrupts the contents of the interrupt request bits do not change immedi- ately after they have been written. after writing to an interrupt request register, execute at least one instruction before perform- ing a bbc or bbs instruction. decimal calculations to calculate in decimal notation, set the decimal mode flag (d) to 1 , then execute an adc or sbc instruction. after executing an adc or sbc instruction, execute at least one instruction be- fore executing a sec, clc, or cld instruction. in decimal mode, the values of the negative (n), overflow (v), and zero (z) flags are invalid. timers if a value n (between 0 and 255) is written to a timer latch, the fre- quency division ratio is 1/(n+1). multiplication and division instructions the index x mode (t) and the decimal mode (d) flags do not af- fect the mul and div instruction. the execution of these instructions does not change the con- tents of the processor status register. ports the contents of the port direction registers cannot be read. the following cannot be used: the data transfer instruction (lda, etc.) the operation instruction when the index x mode flag (t) is 1 the addressing mode which uses the value of a direction regis- ter as an index the bit-test instruction (bbc or bbs, etc.) to a direction register the read-modify-write instructions (ror, clb, or seb, etc.) to a direction register. use instructions such as ldm and sta, etc., to set the port direc- tion registers. serial i/o in serial i/o1 (clock synchronous mode), if the receive side is us- ing an external clock and it is to output the s rdy1 signal, set the transmit enable bit, the receive enable bit, and the s rdy1 output enable bit to 1 . serial i/o1 continues to output the final bit from the t x d pin after transmission is completed. s out2 pin for serial i/o2 goes to high impedance after transmis- sion is completed. when an external clock is used as synchronous clock in serial i/o1 or serial i/o2, write transmission data to the transmit buffer register or serial i/o2 register while the transfer clock is h . a-d converter the comparator uses capacitive coupling amplifier whose charge will be lost if the clock frequency is too low. therefore, make sure that f(x in ) in the middle/high-speed mode is at least on 500 khz during an a-d conversion. do not execute the stp instruction during an a-d conversion. instruction execution time the instruction execution time is obtained by multiplying the fre- quency of the internal clock by the number of cycles needed to execute an instruction. the number of cycles required to execute an instruction is shown in the list of machine instructions. the frequency of the internal clock is half of the x in frequency in high-speed mode. notes on usage differences between 3851 group (built-in 16 kb rom) and 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) (1) the absolute maximum ratings of 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) is smaller than that of 3851 group (built-in 16 kb rom). power source voltage vcc = 0.3 to 6.5 v cnvss input voltage v i = 0.3 to vcc +0.3 v (m38514m6, m38517m8) vi = 0.3 to 6.5 v (m38517f8) (2) the oscillation circuit constants of x in -x out , x cin -x cout may be some differences between 3851 group (built-in 16 kb rom) and 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom). (3) do not write any data to the reserved area and the reserved bit. (do not change the contents after rest.) (4) fix bit 3 of the cpu mode register to 1 . (5) be sure to perform the termination of unused pins. handling of source pins in order to avoid a latch-up occurrence, connect a capacitor suit- able for high frequencies as bypass capacitor between power source pin (v cc pin) and gnd pin (v ss pin) and between power source pin (v cc pin) and analog power source input pin (av ss pin). besides, connect the capacitor to as close as possible. for bypass capacitor which should not be located too far from the pins to be connected, a ceramic capacitor of 0.01 f 0.1 f is recom- mended. eprom version/one time prom version/ flash memory version the cnvss pin is connected to the internal memory circuit block by a low-ohmic resistance, since it has the multiplexed function to be a programmable power source pin (v pp pin) as well. to improve the noise reduction, connect a track between cnvss pin and vss pin or vcc pin with 1 to 10 k ? resistance. the mask rom version track of cnvss pin has no operational in- terference even if it is connected to vss pin or vcc pin via a resistor. free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 77 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) electric characteristic differences among mask rom, flash memory, and one time prom version mcus there are differences in electric characteristics, operation margin, noise immunity, and noise radiation among mask rom, flash memory, and one time prom version mcus due to the differ- ences in the manufacturing processes. when manufacturing an application system with the flash memory, one time prom version and then switching to use of the mask rom version, perform sufficient evaluations for the commercial samples of the mask rom version. data required for mask orders the following are necessary when ordering a mask rom produc- tion: 1. mask rom order confirmation form ? 2. mark specification form ? 3. data to be written to rom, in eprom form (three identical cop- ies) or one floppy disk. data required for one time prom programming orders the following are necessary when ordering a prom programming service: 1. rom programming confirmation form ? 2. mark specification form ? (only special mark with customer s trade mark logo) 3. data to be programmed to prom, in eprom form (three iden- tical copies) or one floppy disk. ? for the mask rom confirmation and the mark specifications, re- fer to the renesas technology homepage rom ordering (http://www.renesas.com/eng/rom). rom programming method the built-in prom of the blank one time prom version and built- in eprom version can be read or programmed with a general-purpose prom programmer using a special programming adapter. set the address of prom programmer in the user rom area. table 20 programming adapter package 42p4b, 42s1b 42p2r-a/e name of programming adapter pca4738s-42a pca4738f-42a the prom of the blank one time prom version is not tested or screened in the assembly process and following processes. to en- sure proper operation after programming, the procedure shown in figure 77 is recommended to verify programming. fig. 77 programming and testing of one time prom version programming with prom programmer s c r e e n i n g ( c a u t i o n ) ( 1 5 0 c f o r 4 0 h o u r s ) verification with prom programmer f u n c t i o n a l c h e c k i n t a r g e t d e v i c e t h e s c r e e n i n g t e m p e r a t u r e i s f a r h i g h e r t h a n t h e s t o r a g e t e m p e r a t u r e . n e v e r e x p o s e t o 1 5 0 c e x c e e d i n g 1 0 0 h o u r s . caution : free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 78 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) electrical characteristics absolute maximum ratings table 25 absolute maximum ratings power source voltage input voltage p0 0 p0 7 , p1 0 p1 7 , p2 0 , p2 1, p2 4 p2 7 , p3 0 p3 4 , p4 0 p4 4 , v ref input voltage p2 2 , p2 3 input voltage reset, x in input voltage cnv ss m38514m6, m38514m8 m38514e6 m38517f8 output voltage p0 0 p0 7 , p1 0 p1 7 , p2 0 , p2 1, p2 4 p2 7 , p3 0 p3 4 , p4 0 p4 4 , x out output voltage p2 2 , p2 3 power dissipation operating temperature storage temperature v cc v i v i v i v i v o v o p d t opr t stg symbol parameter conditions ratings 0.3 to 6.5 0.3 to v cc +0.3 0.3 to 5.8 0.3 to v cc +0.3 0.3 to v cc +0.3 0.3 to 13 0.3 to 6.5 0.3 to v cc +0.3 0.3 to 5.8 1000 (note) 20 to 85 40 to 125 v v v v v v v v v mw c c unit t a = 25 c all voltages are based on v ss . output transistors are cut off. note : the rating becomes 300mw at the 42p2r-a/e package. free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 79 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) table 26 recommended operating conditions (1) (v cc = 2.7 to 5.5 v, t a = ?0 to 85 ?, unless otherwise noted) recommended operating conditions v cc v ss v ref av ss v ia v ih v ih v ih v ih v il v il v il v il v il i oh(peak) i oh(peak) i ol(peak) i ol(peak) i ol(peak) i oh(avg) i oh(avg) i ol(avg) i ol(avg) i ol(avg) 5.5 5.5 v cc v cc v cc 5.8 v cc 5.8 v cc v cc 0.2v cc 0.3v cc 0.6 0.2v cc 0.16v cc 80 80 80 120 80 40 40 40 60 40 power source voltage 8 mhz (high-speed mode) 8 mhz (middle-speed mode), 4 mhz(high-speed mode) power source voltage a-d convert reference voltage analog power source voltage analog input voltage an 0 an 4 h input voltage p0 0 p0 7 , p1 0 p1 7 , p2 0 p2 7 , p3 0 p3 4 , p4 0 p4 4 h input voltage (when i 2 c-bus input level is selected) sda 1 , scl 1 sda 2 , scl 2 h input voltage (when smbus input level is selected) sda 1 , scl 1 sda 2 , scl 2 h input voltage ____________ reset , x in , cnv ss l input voltage p0 0 p0 7 , p1 0 p1 7 , p2 0 p2 7 , p3 0 p3 4 , p4 0 p4 4 l input voltage (when i 2 c-bus input level is selected) sda 1 , sda 2 , scl 1 , scl 2 l input voltage (when smbus input level is selected) sda 1 , sda 2 , scl 1 , scl 2 l input voltage ____________ reset , cnv ss l input voltage x in h total peak output current (note) p0 0 p0 7 , p1 0 p1 7 , p3 0 p3 4 h total peak output current (note) p2 0 , p2 1 , p2 4 p2 7 , p4 0 p4 4 l total peak output current (note) p0 0 p0 7 , p3 0 p3 4 l total peak output current (note) p1 0 p1 7 l total peak output current (note) p2 0 p2 7 ,p4 0 p4 4 h total average output current (note) p0 0 p0 7 , p1 0 p1 7 , p3 0 p3 4 h total average output current (note) p2 0 , p2 1 , p2 4 p2 7 , p4 0 p4 4 l total average output current (note) p0 0 p0 7 , p3 0 p3 4 l total average output current (note) p1 0 p1 7 l total average output current (note) p2 0 p2 7 ,p4 0 p4 4 symbol parameter limits min. unit typ. max. note : the total output current is the sum of all the currents flowing through all the applicable ports. the total average current is an average value measured over 100 ms. the total peak current is the peak value of all the currents. 5.0 5.0 0 0 v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma 4.0 2.7 2.0 0 av ss 0.8v cc 0.7v cc 0.7v cc 1.4 1.4 0.8v cc 0 0 0 0 0 free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 80 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) table 27 recommended operating conditions (2) (v cc = 2.7 to 5.5 v, ta = ?0 to 85 ?, unless otherwise noted) 10 10 20 5 5 15 8 4 h peak output current (note 1) p0 0 p0 7 , p1 0 p1 7 , p2 0 , p2 1 , p2 4 p2 7 , p3 0 p3 4 , p4 0 p4 4 l peak output current (note 1) p0 0 p0 7 , p2 0 p2 7 , p3 0 p3 4 , p4 0 p4 4 , p1 0 p1 7 h average output current (note 2) p0 0 p0 7 , p1 0 p1 7 , p2 0 , p2 1 , p2 4 p2 7 , p3 0 p3 4 , p4 0 p4 4 l average output current (note 2) p0 0 p0 7 , p2 0 p2 7 , p3 0 p3 4 , p4 0 p4 4 , p1 0 p1 7 internal clock oscillation frequency (v cc = 4.0 to 5.5v) (note 3) internal clock oscillation frequency (v cc = 2.7 to 5.5v) (note 3) i oh(peak) i ol(peak) i oh(avg) i ol(avg) f(x in ) f(x in ) symbol parameter limits min. ma ma ma ma ma ma mhz mhz unit typ. max. notes 1: the peak output current is the peak current flowing in each port. 2: the average output current i ol (avg), i oh (avg) are average value measured over 100 ms. 3: when the oscillation frequency has a duty cycle of 50%. table 28 electrical characteristics (1) (v cc = 2.7 to 5.5 v, v ss = 0 v, t a = ?0 to 85 ?, unless otherwise noted) electrical characteristics h output voltage p0 0 p0 7 , p1 0 p1 7 , p2 0 , p2 1, p2 4 p2 7 , p3 0 p3 4 , p4 0 p4 4 (note) l output voltage p0 0 p0 7 , p2 0 p2 7, p3 0 p3 4 , p4 0 p4 4 l output voltage p1 0 p1 7 limits v v v v v v parameter min. typ. max. symbol unit note: p2 5 is measured when the p2 5 /scl 2 /t x d p-channel output disable bit of the uart control register (bit 4 of address 001b 16 ) is 0 . i oh = 10 ma v cc = 4.0 5.5 v i oh = 1.0 ma v cc = 2.7 5.5 v i ol = 10 ma v cc = 4.0 5.5 v i ol = 1.0 ma v cc = 2.7 5.5 v i ol = 20 ma v cc = 4.0 5.5 v i ol = 10 ma v cc = 2.7 5.5 v v cc 2.0 v cc 1.0 test conditions 2.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 v oh v ol v ol free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 81 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) v t+ v t v t+ v t v t+ v t i ih i ih i ih i il i il i il v ram hysteresis cntr 0 , cntr 1 , int 0 int 3 hysteresis rxd, s clk1 , s in2 , s clk2 hysteresis ____________ reset h input current p0 0 p0 7 , p1 0 p1 7 , p2 0 , p2 1, p2 4 p2 7 , p3 0 p3 4 , p4 0 p4 4 h input current ____________ reset, cnv ss h input current x in l input current p0 0 p0 7 , p1 0 p1 7 , p2 0 p2 7 p3 0 p3 4 , p4 0 p4 4 l input current ____________ reset,cnv ss l input current x in ram hold voltage v i = v cc v i = v cc v i = v cc v i = v ss v i = v ss v i = v ss when clock stopped 0.4 0.5 0.5 4 4 2.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.5 v v v a a a a a a v table 29 electrical characteristics (2) (v cc = 2.7 to 5.5 v, v ss = 0 v, t a = ?0 to 85 ?, unless otherwise noted) limits parameter min. typ. max. symbol unit test conditions free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 82 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) table 30 electrical characteristics (3) (v cc = 2.7 to 5.5 v, v ss = 0 v, t a = ?0 to 85 ?, unless otherwise noted) power source current limits parameter min. typ. max. symbol unit high-speed mode f(x in ) = 8 mhz f(x cin ) = 32.768 khz output transistors off high-speed mode f(x in ) = 8 mhz (in wit state) f(x cin ) = 32.768 khz output transistors off low-speed mode f(x in ) = stopped f(x cin ) = 32.768 khz output transistors off low-speed mode f(x in ) = stopped f(x cin ) = 32.768 khz (in wit state) output transistors off low-speed mode (v cc = 3 v) f(x in ) = stopped f(x cin ) = 32.768 khz output transistors off low-speed mode (v cc = 3 v) f(x in ) = stopped f(x cin ) = 32.768 khz (in wit state) output transistors off middle-speed mode f(x in ) = 8 mhz f(x cin ) = stopped output transistors off middle-speed mode f(x in ) = 8 mhz (in wit state) f(x cin ) = stopped output transistors off increment when a-d conversion is executed f(x in ) = 8 mhz test conditions 13 i cc ta = 25 c ta = 85 c 6.8 ma all oscillation stopped (in stp state) output transistors off 1.6 60 250 20 70 150 5.0 20 4.0 200 ma a except m38517f8fp/sp m38517f8fp/sp except m38517f8fp/sp m38517f8fp/sp 20 1.5 800 0.1 40 55 10.0 7.0 1.0 10 a a a a a a a ma ma a a a except m38517f8fp/sp m38517f8fp/sp except m38517f8fp/sp m38517f8fp/sp free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 83 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) a-d converter characteristics table 31 a-d converter characteristics (v cc = 2.7 to 5.5 v, v ss = av ss = 0 v, t a = ?0 to 85 ?, f(x in ) = 8 mhz, unless otherwise noted) bit lsb tc( ) s k ? a a resolution absolute accuracy (excluding quantization error) conversion time ladder resistor reference power source input current a-d port input current min. 50 typ. 40 35 150 0.5 max. 10 4 61 200 5.0 5.0 high-speed mode, middle-speed mode low-speed mode v ref = 5.0 v unit limits parameter t conv r ladder i vref i i(ad) test conditions symbol v ref on v ref off free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 84 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) timing requirements table 32 timing requirements (1) (v cc = 4.0 to 5.5 v, v ss = 0 v, t a = ?0 to 85 ?, unless otherwise noted) reset input l pulse width external clock input cycle time external clock input h pulse width external clock input l pulse width cntr 0 , cntr 1 input cycle time cntr 0 , cntr 1 input h pulse width cntr 0 , cntr 1 input l pulse width int 0 to int 3 input h pulse width int 0 to int 3 input l pulse width serial i/o1 clock input cycle time (note) limits x in cycle ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns parameter min. 20 125 50 50 200 80 80 80 80 800 370 370 220 100 1000 400 400 200 200 typ. max. symbol unit note : when f(x in ) = 8 mhz and bit 6 of address 001a 16 is 1 (clock synchronous). divide this value by four when f(x in ) = 8 mhz and bit 6 of address 001a 16 is 0 (uart). serial i/o1 clock input h pulse width (note) serial i/o1 clock input l pulse width (note) serial i/o1 input setup time serial i/o1 input hold time serial i/o2 clock input cycle time serial i/o2 clock input h pulse width serial i/o2 clock input l pulse width serial i/o2 clock input setup time serial i/o2 clock input hold time table 33 timing requirements (2) (v cc = 2.7 to 5.5 v, v ss = 0 v, t a = ?0 to 85 ?, unless otherwise noted) t w (reset) t c (x in ) t wh (x in ) t wl (x in ) t c (cntr) t wh (cntr) t wl (cntr) t wh (int) t wl (int) t c (s clk1 ) t wh (s clk1 ) t wl (s clk1 ) t su (r x d-s clk1 ) t h (s clk1 -r x d) t c (s clk2 ) t wh (s clk2 ) t wl (s clk2 ) t su (s in2 -s clk2 ) t h (s clk2 -s in2 ) reset input l pulse width external clock input cycle time external clock input h pulse width external clock input l pulse width cntr 0 , cntr 1 input cycle time cntr 0 , cntr 1 input h pulse width cntr 0 , cntr 1 input l pulse width int 0 to int 3 input h pulse width int 0 to int 3 input l pulse width serial i/o1 clock input cycle time (note) serial i/o1 clock input h pulse width (note) serial i/o1 clock input l pulse width (note) serial i/o1 input setup time serial i/o1 input hold time serial i/o2 clock input cycle time serial i/o2 clock input h pulse width serial i/o2 clock input l pulse width serial i/o2 clock input setup time serial i/o2 clock input hold time t w (reset) t c (x in ) t wh (x in ) t wl (x in ) t c (cntr) t wh (cntr) t wl (cntr) t wh (int) t wl (int) t c (s clk1 ) t wh (s clk1 ) t wl (s clk1 ) t su (r x d-s clk1 ) t h (s clk1 -r x d) t c (s clk2 ) t wh (s clk2 ) t wl (s clk2 ) t su (s in2 -s clk2 ) t h (s clk2 -s in2 ) limits x in cycle ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns parameter min. 20 250 100 100 500 230 230 230 230 2000 950 950 400 200 2000 950 950 400 300 typ. max. symbol unit note : when f(x in ) = 4 mhz and bit 6 of address 001a 16 is 1 (clock synchronous). divide this value by four when f(x in ) = 4 mhz and bit 6 of address 001a 16 is 0 (uart). free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 85 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) table 34 switching characteristics (1) (v cc = 4.0 to 5.5 v, v ss = 0 v, t a = ?0 to 85 ?, unless otherwise noted) table 35 switching characteristics (2) (v cc = 2.7 to 5.5 v, v ss = 0 v, t a = ?0 to 85 ?, unless otherwise noted) serial i/o1 clock output h pulse width serial i/o1 clock output l pulse width serial i/o1 output delay time (note 1) serial i/o1 output valid time (note 1) serial i/o1 clock output rising time serial i/o1 clock output falling time serial i/o2 clock output h pulse width serial i/o2 clock output l pulse width serial i/o2 output delay time (note 2) serial i/o2 output valid time (note 2) serial i/o2 clock output falling time cmos output rising time (note 3) cmos output falling time (note 3) t wh (s clk1 ) t wl (s clk1 ) t d (s clk1 -t x d) t v (s clk1 -t x d) t r (s clk1 ) t f (s clk1 ) t wh (s clk2 ) t wl (s clk2 ) t d (s clk2 -s out2 ) t v (s clk2 -s out2 ) t f (s clk2 ) t r (cmos) t f (cmos) limits ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns parameter min. t c (s clk1 )/2 30 t c (s clk1 )/2 30 30 t c (s clk2 )/2 160 t c (s clk2 )/2 160 0 typ. 10 10 max. 140 30 30 200 30 30 30 symbol unit notes 1: when the p2 5 /t x d p-channel output disable bit of the uart control register (bit 4 of address 001b 16 ) is 0 . 2: when the p0 1 /s out2 and p0 2 /s clk2 p-channel output disable bit of the serial i/o2 control register 1 (bit 7 of address 0015 16 ) is 0 . 3: the x out pin is excluded. test conditions fig. 79 serial i/o1 clock output h pulse width serial i/o1 clock output l pulse width serial i/o1 output delay time (note 1) serial i/o1 output valid time (note 1) serial i/o1 clock output rising time serial i/o1 clock output falling time serial i/o2 clock output h pulse width serial i/o2 clock output l pulse width serial i/o2 output delay time (note 2) serial i/o2 output valid time (note 2) serial i/o2 clock output falling time cmos output rising time (note 3) cmos output falling time (note 3) t wh (s clk1 ) t wl (s clk1 ) t d (s clk1 -t x d) t v (s clk1 -t x d) t r (s clk1 ) t f (s clk1 ) t wh (s clk2 ) t wl (s clk2 ) t d (s clk2 -s out2 ) t v (s clk2 -s out2 ) t f (s clk2 ) t r (cmos) t f (cmos) limits ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns parameter min. t c (s clk1 )/2 50 t c (s clk1 )/2 50 30 t c (s clk2 )/2 240 t c (s clk2 )/2 240 0 typ. 20 20 max. 350 50 50 400 50 50 50 symbol unit notes 1: when the p2 5 /t x d p-channel output disable bit of the uart control register (bit 4 of address 001b 16 ) is 0 . 2: when the p0 1 /s out2 and p0 2 /s clk2 p-channel output disable bit of the serial i/o2 control register 1 (bit 7 of address 0015 16 ) is 0 . 3: the x out pin is excluded. test conditions fig. 79 switching characteristics free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 86 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) fig. 79 circuit for measuring output switching characteristics (1) symbol parameter unit multi-master i 2 c-bus bus line characteristics table 36 multi-master i 2 c-bus bus line characteristics bus free time hold time for start condition hold time for s cl clock = 0 rising time of both s cl and s da signals data hold time hold time for s cl clock = 1 falling time of both s cl and s da signals data setup time setup time for repeated start condition setup time for stop condition t buf t hd;sta t low t r t hd;dat t high t f t su;dat t su;sta t su;sto min. max. min. max. s s s ns s s ns ns s s standard clock mode high-speed clock mode note: c b = total capacitance of 1 bus line 4.7 4.0 4.7 0 4.0 250 4.7 4.0 1000 300 1.3 0.6 1.3 20+0.1c b 0 0.6 20+0.1c b 100 0.6 0.6 300 0.9 300 test conditions fig. 80 fig. 78 timing diagram of multi-master i 2 c-bus fig. 80 circuit for measuring output switching characteristics (2) t buf t h d : s t a t h d : d t a t low t r t f t h i g h t s u : d a t tsu :sta t hd:sta tsu :sto scl p s sr p sda m e a s u r e m e n t o u t p u t p i n 1 0 0 p f c m o s o u t p u t n - c h a n n n e l o p e n - d r a i n 1 k ? m e a s u r e m e n t o u t p u t p i n 1 0 0 p f free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 87 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) fig. 81 timing diagram t c(cntr) 0 . 2 v c c t w l ( i n t ) 0 . 8 v c c t w h ( i n t ) 0 . 2 v c c 0 . 8 v c c t w(reset) r e s e t 0.2v cc t w l ( c n t r ) 0.8v cc t w h ( c n t r ) 0 . 2 v c c 0.2v cc 0.8v cc 0 . 8 v c c 0.2v cc t wl(x in ) 0 . 8 v c c t wh(x in ) t c(x in ) x i n t f t r t d ( s c l k 1 - t x d ) , t d ( s c l k 2 - s o u t 2 ) t v ( s c l k 1 - t x d ) , t v ( s c l k 2 - s o u t 2 ) t c(s clk1 ), t c(s clk2 ) t w l ( s c l k 1 ) , t w l ( s c l k 2 ) t w h ( s c l k 1 ) , t w h ( s c l k 2 ) t h ( s c l k 1 - r x d ) , t h ( s c l k 2 - s i n 2 ) t s u ( r x d - s c l k 1 ) , t s u ( s i n 2 - s c l k 2 ) t x d s out2 r x d s i n 2 s c l k 1 s c l k 2 i n t 0 t o i n t 3 c n t r 0 c n t r 1 free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 88 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) package outline sdip42-p-600-1.78 weight(g) jedec code 4.1 eiaj package code lead material alloy 42/cu alloy 42p4b plastic 42pin 600mil sdip symbol min nom max a a 2 b b 1 b 2 c e d l dimension in millimeters a 1 0.51 ?.8 0.35 0.45 0.55 0.9 1.0 1.3 0.63 0.73 1.03 0.22 0.27 0.34 36.5 36.7 36.9 12.85 13.0 13.15 1.778 15.24 3.0 0 ssop42-p-450-0.80 weight(g) jedec code 0.63 eiaj package code lead material alloy 42 42p2r-a/e plastic 42pin 450mil ssop symbol min nom max a a 2 b c d e l l 1 y dimension in millimeters h e a 1 i 2 .25 0 .05 0 .13 0 .3 17 .2 8 .63 11 .3 0 .27 1 .0 2 .3 0 .15 0 .5 17 .4 8 .8 0 .93 11 .5 0 .765 1 .43 11 .4 2 .4 0 .2 0 .7 17 .6 8 .23 12 .7 0 .15 0 b 2 .5 0 0 10 e e 1 42 22 21 1 h e e d e y f a a 2 a 1 l 1 l c e b 2 e 1 i 2 recommended mount pad detail f z z 1 detail g z 1 0.75 0.9 z b g free datasheet http:///
rev.1.01 oct 15, 2003 page 89 of 89 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) wdip42-c-600-1.78 weight(g) jedec code eiaj package code 42s1b-a metal seal 42pin 600mil dip 0.46 0.25 3.44 15.8 3.05 symbol min nom max a a 2 b b 1 c d e l z dimension in millimeters a 1 3.05 15.24 1.778 41.1 0.33 0.17 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.54 0.38 1.0 5.0 e e 1 e e d 1 42 22 21 b z seating plane a l a 2 a 1 b 1 e 1 c free datasheet http:///
revision history rev. date description page summary 3851 group (built-in 24 kb or more rom) data sheet (1/1) 1.00 jul. 26, 2002 1.01 oct. 15, 2003 mitsubishi, mitsubishi electric corporation renesas technology corporation s clk s clk1 multi-master i 2 c-bus interface (option) multi-master i 2 c-bus interface fig.4 memory expansion plan under development m38517m8/f8 mass production m38517m8/f8 sda input , scl input serial i/o1 input (12)port p2 6 external clock input serial i/o1 external clock input (13)port p2 7 serial ready output serial i/o1 ready output interrupt occur by 17 sources among 17 sources seven external interrupt occur by 17 sources : seven external address 3a 16 , address 23 16 address 003a 16 , address 0023 16 table 8 interrupt vector addresses and priority serial i/o1 reception, serial i/o transmission : remarks valid when serial i/o1 is selected valid when serial i/o is selected fig.18 block diagram of clock synchronous serial i/o __________ __________ p2 7 /s rdy1 p2 7 /cntr 0 /s rdy1 mitsubishi electric corporation s renesas technology corporation s bit 6: sda/scl pin selection bit bit 6: sda/scl pin selection bit (tsel) bit 7: i 2 c-bus interface pin input level selection bit bit 7: i 2 c-bus interface pin input level selection bit (tiss) mitsubishi mcu technical information homepage (http:// www. infomicom.maec.co.jp/indexe.htm) renesas technology homepage rom ordering (http:// www. renesas.com/eng/rom) table 26 recommended operating conditions (1) table 29 electrical characteristics (2) v t + v t - hysterisis r x d, s clk r x d, s clk1 , s in2 , s clk2 1 5 14-15 15 17 18 22 29 32 77 79 81 unit v v v v 5.8 v cc 5.8 v cc h input voltage (when i 2 c-bus input level is selected) sda 1 , scl 1 sda 2 , scl 2 h input voltage (when smbus input level is selected) sda 1 , scl 1 sda 2 , scl 2 parameter limits min. typ. max. 0.7v cc 0.7v cc 1.4 1.4 v ih v ih symbol unit v v v v v cc 5.8 v cc 5.8 h input voltage (when i 2 c-bus input level is selected) sda 2 , scl 2 sda 1 , scl 1 h input voltage (when smbus input level is selected) sda 2 , scl 2 sda 1 , scl 1 parameter limits min. typ. max. 0.7v cc 0.7v cc 1.4 1.4 v ih v ih symbol first edition issued free datasheet http:///
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