application note AN279/0189 short circuit protection on l6203 by g. scrocchi and g. fusaroli with devices like l6203 used as driver often inter- facing the external world by means of wires, can be easy to have short circuits. a short circuit can occur for many reasons : a short on the load, a mistake during the connection of the wires between the device and the load (i.e. l6203 driving a motor), an accidentalshort betweenthe wi- res and so on. the outputs of l6203 are not protected against the short circuit and if a short occurs, the big amount of current flowing through the outputs can destroy the device. to avoid this risk can be useful to add a circuitry to protect the device : in this case, to have a total pro- tection, we must consider three types of short cir- cuit : 1 - output to output short circuit 2 - output to supply voltage short circuit 3 - output to ground short circuit the first step is to sense the short circuit current. in output to output (fig 1) or output to supply (fig 2) short circuit can be used the sensing resistor (rsl) already used to set the current flowing in the load du- ring the normal operation. figure 2. figure 1. 1/4
figure 3. to sense the output to ground short circuit (fig 3) another sensing resistor (rsu) must be added between the supply pin and the supply voltage. the second step is to create a threshold over which the value of the current must be considered as short circuit : for this way a transistor or a diode could be used. the complete protection will be given by the ' or ' of the signal coming from the upper and the lower sens- ing circuitry ; this signal can be used to act on the en- able pin of the l6203 disabling the output stages. a complete protection schematic diagram is shown in fig. 4. figure 4. application note 2/4
in normal operation the circuit works up to 3a/40v. when a short circuit occurs the scr is triggered and l6203 disabled : due to the scr memory l6203 is kept disableduntil the power is switched off and then on, if the cause of short was removed. the short circuit is detected when : i su > v be(t1) = 0.6 =6a r su 0.1 i sl > v d+ v thscmt = 0.6 + 0.7 = 7.8a r sc 0.165 the effective short circuit peak current is greater than isu and isl : this is due to the high di/dt during the short and to the delay between the short circuit detection and the enable intervention : rsu and rsl must be non inductive resistors. r1 and r2 are used to scale the signal when the transistor goes on and in conjunctionwith c1 to filter the short circuit signals in order to avoid false trig ger of the scr : this filtering should not be too much heavy to avoid to introducean excessivedelay in the short circuit loop. isu and isl must be calculated at the effective ope- rating temperature being the vbe and vd tempera- ture dependent. instead of the scr, a monostable with a long time constant (0.3 0.5 sec) can be used : in the case, every time a short circuit occurs, l6203 is disabled for the monostable time constant and then enabled, if the short is still present l6203 is disabled again, if the short was removed l6203 returns in normal ope- ration (fig 5). figure 5. r 1 ,r 1 ,c 1 ,r su ,r sl are choosen depending on the application. the intervention of the protection circuit is determined by i su > v be r su i sl > v ih +v d r sl v d =v diode v ih = min vinput high t+ monostab application note 3/4
information furnished is believed to be accurate and reliable. however, sgs-thomson microelectronics assumes no responsibility for the consequences of use of such information nor for any infringement of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. no license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of sgs-thomson microelectronics. specifica- tions mentioned in this publication are subject to change without notice. this publication supersedes and replaces all information pre- viously supplied. sgs-thomson microelectronics products are not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems without express written approval of sgs-thomson microelectronics. ? 1995 sgs-thomson microelectronics all rights reserved sgs-thomson microelectronics group of companies australia - brazil - france - germany - hong kong - italy - japan - korea - malaysia - malta - morocco - the netherlands - singapore - spain - sweden - switzerland - taiwan - thaliand - united kingdom - u.s.a. application note 4/4
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