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june 2014 docid025707 rev 2 1/21 TN1163 technical note description of wlcsp for microcontrollers and recommendations for use introduction this document describes the wlcsp (wafer level chip size package), and provides recommendation on how to use it. only wlc sp for microcontrollers are described herein. the competitive market of portable equipment, in particular the mobile phone market, is driven by the challenging development of highly integrated devices. to allow manufacturers of portable equipment to minimize the dimens ion of their devices, stmicroelectronics has developed wlcsp with reduced size, thickness and weight. the electrical performance of such components is improved by using shorter connections than in standard plastic packages such as t ssop, ssop or bga. the wlcsp family has been desi gned to fulfill the same qualit y levels and same reliability performance as standard semiconductor plas tic packages. as a consequence these new wlcsp can be considered as new surface mount devices which are assembled on a printed circuit board (pcb) without any special or additional process steps. in particular these packages do not require an y extra underfill to increase reliability performance or to protect the device. these packages are compat ible with existing pick -and-place equipment for board mounting. only lead-free rohs compliant wlcsp are available in mass production. the packages offe red in wlcsp are listed in table 1 . this document addresses the following topics: ? package description ? device marking ? packing specifications and labeling ? storage and shipping recommendations ? soldering assembly recommendations ? package changes and package quality www.st.com
contents TN1163 2/21 docid025707 rev 2 contents 1 list of wlcsp packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2 package description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.1 overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.2 mechanical description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.3 device marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3 packing specifications and la belling description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3.1 carrier tape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3.2 cover tape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 3.3 reels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 3.4 final packing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 3.5 labelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 3.6 storage and shipping recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 4 soldering assembly recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 4.1 pcb design recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 4.2 pcb assembly guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 4.2.1 protection against light exposure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 4.2.2 underfilling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 5 manual rework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 5.1 rework procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 5.2 component rework equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 6 package changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 7 package quality and reliability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 7.1 electrical inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 7.2 visual inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 7.3 wlcsp reliability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 8 conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 docid025707 rev 2 3/21 TN1163 contents 3 9 revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 list of tables TN1163 4/21 docid025707 rev 2 list of tables table 1. wlcsps for microcontrollers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 table 2. matrix 8 x 8 bump dimension wlcsp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 table 3. tape cavity size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 table 4. 7 and 13 inch reel dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 table 5. pcb design recommendation for 0.5 mm ball pitch packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 table 6. pcb design recommendation for 0.4 mm ball pitch packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 table 7. document revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 docid025707 rev 2 5/21 TN1163 list of figures 5 list of figures figure 1. wlcsp top and bump views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 figure 2. matrix 8 x 8 bump array wlcsp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 figure 3. wlcsp device marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 figure 4. typical tape dimensions for wlc sps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 figure 5. 7 and 13 inch reel schematics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 figure 6. packing process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 figure 7. soldering reflow profile used for all st wlcsp qu alifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 figure 8. comintec onyx32 semi-aut omatic equipment for component rewo rk. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 list of wlcsp packages TN1163 6/21 docid025707 rev 2 1 list of wlcsp packages table 1. wlcsps for microcontrollers package description pitch ( m) ball diameter ( m) wlcsp28 wlcsp28 package 400 270 wlcsp36 wlcsp36 package 400 250 wlcsp49 wlcsp49 package 400 250 wlcsp63 wlcsp63 package 400 270 wlcsp64 wlcsp64 package 500 320 wlcsp64 400 270 wlcsp72 wlcsp72 package 400 250 wlcsp66 wlcsp66 package 400 270 wlcsp90 wlcsp90 package 400 270 wlcsp104 wlcsp104 package 400 250 wlcsp143 wlcsp143 package 400 250 wlcsp168 wlcsp168 package 400 250 docid025707 rev 2 7/21 TN1163 package description 20 2 package description 2.1 overview st wlcsp packages are manufactured with a wafer level process by attaching solder balls on i/os pads of the active wafer side, thus allowing bumped dice to be produced. the i/o contacts can be either configured as a matrix or located in the periphery. a redistribution layer is used. lead-free balls are manufactured using sac (s nagcu) alloy with a near-eutectic melting point ranging 217 to 221 c. this material makes the package compatible with standard reflow processes. the ball diameter allows to use pick-and-plac e process compatible with existing equipment, in particular with equipment used for ball gr id array (bga) packages. it also makes it compatible with the pcb design rules used for standard ics. the devices available in wlcsp are delivered in tape and reel packing with the bumps turned down (placed on the bottom of the carrier tape cavity). the other face of the device is flat and allows picking it as for standard smd packages. caution: wlcsp must be handled with care as active silicon substrate is not protecte d against aggressive mechanical actions. vacuum plas tic pick-up tools are recommended for device handling. wlcsp devices are 100 % electrically tested after assembly . the device references are marked on the top flat side of the device (see figure 1 ). figure 1. wlcsp top and bump views package description TN1163 8/21 docid025707 rev 2 2.2 mechanical description an example of wlcsp outline and mechanical dimensions is given in figure 2 and table 2 . die size and ball count are adapted to the connection requirements. refer to device datasheet for package mechanical data and outline. the wlcsp tolerances on ball diameter and ball height are very low. this constant ball shape insures a good coplanarity between ba lls. optical measurements performed through vertical focuses show a ball-plus -die coplanarity well below 50 m. figure 2. matrix 8 x 8 bump array wlcsp g typical device marking for the flat backside of the die is shown on figure 3 . wlcsp ball 1 is identified by the a1 pin marked on the flat backside of the die so that the orientation of the component can be easily determined before and after assembly. this dot has been designed so that it can be detected by standard vision systems. table 2. matrix 8 x 8 bump dimension wlcsp symbol typical (mm) a0.585 a2 0.230 c3.500 d0.320 e3.500 e1 0.500 d1 0.483 d2 0.448 e # e % ? $ ! ! ! ) d d docid025707 rev 2 9/21 TN1163 package description 20 2.3 device marking the standard top-side laser marking contains: ? pin 1 identification ? st logo ? marking areas composed of: ? commercial product name ? traceability code ? wafer fab code ? testing and finishing production location codes ? country where the product was assembled figure 3. wlcsp device marking packing specifications and labelling description TN1163 10/21 docid025707 rev 2 3 packing specifications and labelling description wlcsp devices are delivered in tape and reel to be fully compatible with standard high volume smd components. all tape and reel characteristics are compliant with eia-481-c and iec 60286-3 standards and eia 763 (783). 3.1 carrier tape the wlcsp are placed in carrier tapes with their ball side facing the bottom of the cavity so that the devices can be picked up by their flat side. no flipping of the package is required for mounting on the pcb. the devices are positi oned in the carrier tape with pin a1 on the sprocket hole side. an example of carrier tape mechanical dimensions is shown in figure 4. the standard tape width is 8 mm for die size sma ller than 3 mm (dimension b0). note: 12 mm carrier tape width may be used for larger die size to be in line with eia standards. figure 4. typical tape dimensions for wlcsps the cavities in the carrier tape have been designed to avoid damaging the components. no hole is present in the cavity to avoid any impa ct or any external contamination of the solder bumps. refer to table 3 for the cavity dimension according to the die size. the embossed carrier tape is in a black conducti ve material (surface resistivity within 10e4 and 10e8 /sq). using this material prevents the component from being damaged by electrostatic discharge and ensures the total discharge of the component prior to the placement on the pcb. conductivity is guarant eed to be constant and is not affected by shelf life or humidity. the material does no t break when bent and does not have any powder or flake residue that rubs off. ! ) c $ o ) ) 0 o % 7 ! o & |