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www.lansdale.com page 1 of 12 issue a ML33111 low voltage compander silicon monolithic integrated circuit legacy device: motorola mc33111 the ML33111 contains two variable gain circuits configured for compress- ing and expanding the dynamic range of an audio signal. one circuit is config- ured as an expander, and the other is configured as a compressor. each circuit has a full wave rectifier to provide average value information to a variable gain cell located in either the input stage or the feedback path. an internal tempera- ture stable bandgap reference provides the necessary precision voltages. included in the ML33111 are controls for muting each section independ- ently, and for pass through of both. two uncommitted op amps are available for peripheral functions. the ML33111 will operate from a supply voltage of 3.0 v to 7.0 v, and over a temperature range of t a 40 to +85c. it is designed to accommodate a 60 db dynamic range; from 40 db to +20 db referenced to 100 mvrms. applications include cordless telephone, cbs, walkie-talkies, and most voice rf links, and any application where an improvement in the signal to noise ratio is desired. other applications include speakerphones and voice activated intercoms, dictating machines, etc. operating supply voltage: 3.0 v to 7.0 v output voltage swing = 2.8 vp-p with v cc = 3.0 v no precision external components required 60 db dynamic range compressed to 30 db, re-expandable to 60 db unity gain level set at 100 mvrms attack and decay times adjustable mute and passthrough controls two uncommitted op amps temperature compensated reference available in standard dip and surface mount packages simplified block diagram ML33111 pt cm em v cc compressor output expander output 16 1 2 15 mute/ passthrough logic bias & reference generator vb 15 k rectifier 7.5 k 40 k 40 k vb 10 k ? gain rectifier 6 7 vb vb microphone v+ 1.0 f 1.0 f 0.5 9 10 5 3 11 14 0.5 compressor input expander input ? gain 8 4 12 20 k p dip 16 = ep plastic package case 648 16 1 so 16 = -5p plastic package case 751b (so-16) 16 1 cross reference/ordering information motorola p dip 16 mc33111p ML33111ep so 16 mc33111d ML33111-5p lansdale package note : lansdale lead free ( pb ) product, as it becomes available, will be identified by a part number prefix change from ml to mle . cm pt function truth table 0 1 x 0 normal comp. mute expander mute passthrough em 0 x 1 0 0 x x 1
www.lansdale.com page 2 of 12 issue a lansdale semiconductor, inc. ML33111 pin function description name pin description ground 1 connect to a clean power supply ground. compressor output 2 output of the compressor section. compressor input 3 compressor input. the input impedance is nominally 10 k . nominal signal range is 1.0 mvrms to 1.0 vrms in normal mode, and up to 0.8 vrms in passthrough mode. must be capacitor coupled to the signal source. compressor mute 4 a logic high mutes the compressor. a logic low permits normal operation and passthrough. compressor filter 5 connect an external capacitor to filter the full wave rectifiers output. this capacitor affects attack and decay times, and low frequency accuracy. amplifier #1 6, 7 inverting input (7) and output (6) of an op amp internally referenced to vb. passthrough 8 a logic high sets the gain of both expander and compressor to 0 db, independent of input level. amplifier #2 9, 10 inverting input (9) and output (10) of an op amp internally referenced to vb. expander filter 11 connect an external capacitor to filter the full wave rectifiers output. this capacitor affects attack and decay times, and low frequency accuracy. expander mute 12 a logic high mutes the expander. a logic low permits normal operation and passthrough. no connect 13 this pin is not internally connected to anything. expander input 14 expander input. the input impedance is nominally 10.9 k . nominal signal range is 10 mvrms to 316 mvrms in normal mode, and up to 1.0 vrms in passthrough mode. must be capacitor coupled to the signal source. expander output 15 output of the expander section. v cc 16 power supply. connect to a power supply voltage in the range of 3.0 v to 7.0 v. bypass capacitor should be provided at this pin. transfer functions vb 15 k rectifier 40 k ? gain v out v in v out = 10 x v in 2 expander compressor vb rectifier ? gain v in v out 10 k compression expansion 20 db 10 db 0 db ?0 db 20 db 30 db 40 db 10 mv 31.6 mv 316 mv 1.0 v 100 mv 10 mv 1.0 mv (voltages are rms) v out 0.3162 x v in maximum ratings rating symbol value unit v cc supply voltage (pin 16 ?pin 1) v cc 0.5, +12 vdc high input voltage (pins 3, 4, 8, 12, 14) v ih v cc + 0.5 vdc low input voltage (pins 3, 4, 8, 12, 14) v il 0.5 vdc output source current (pins 2, 6, 10, 15) io+ self-limiting ma output sink current (pins 2, 6, 10, 15) io self-limiting ma storage temperature t stg 65, +150 c note: devices should not be operated at these limits. the ?ecommended operating conditions? provides for actual device operation.
www.lansdale.com page 3 of 12 issue a lansdale semiconductor, inc. ML33111 recommended operating conditions characteristic symbol min typ max unit v cc supply voltage v cc 3.0 7.0 vdc input signal voltage range (3.0 v < v cc < 7.0 v) v in compressor normal and mute mode 0 1.3 vrms passthrough mode 0 0.8 expander normal mode 0 0.32 mute mode 0 1.3 passthrough mode 0 1.0 frequency range ( 1.0 db accuracy) fin 0.300 10 khz logic input voltage range (pins 4, 8, 12) v in 0 v cc vdc operating ambient temperature t a 40 + 85 c note: all limits are not necessarily functional concurrently. electrical characteristics (v cc = 3.6 v, f = 1.0 khz, t a = + 25 c, unless noted.) characteristic symbol min typ max unit compressor (pin 4 = low unless noted) 0 db gain (v in = 100 mvrms) g oc ?.5 0 1.5 db gain tracking relative to g oc g tc db v in = 1.0 vrms 9.0 10 11 v in = 1.0 mvrms 21 20 ?9 passthrough gain (pin 8 = high, pin 4 = low, v in = 1.0 vrms) g ptc 2.0 0 1.0 db muting ( ? gain) with pin 4 = high (v in = 1.0 vrms) g mtc 55 67 db max. output swing @ pin 2 (3.0 v < v cc < 7.0 v) v out v p-p normal mode 1.1 passthrough mode 2.3 peak output current (3.0 v cc 7.0 v, normal or passthrough modes, v in = max) i pk 4.0 ma total harmonic distortion (v in = 100 mvrms) thd 0.2 1.0 % power supply rejection @ 1.0 khz psrr db v in (pin 3) = 0 37 v in (pin 3) = 10 mvrms 64 v in (pin 3) = 1.0 vrms 72 attack time (capacitor @ pin 5 = 1.0 f, per eia-553) decay time (capacitor @ pin 5 = 1.0 f, per eia-553) t at(c) t d(c) 3.0 14 ms input impedance at pin 3 rin 8.0 10 14 k dc bias level (pin 2) output dc shift (v in changed from 0 to 100 mvrms) vb ias 1.4 20 vb 1.6 1.6 2.0 vdc mvdc expander (pin 12 = low, unless noted) 0 db gain (v in = 100 mvrms) g oe ?.5 0 1.5 db gain tracking relative to g oe g te db v in = 316 mvrms 19 20 21 v in = 10 mvrms 41 40 39 passthrough gain (pin 8 = high, pin 12 = low, v in = 1.0 vrms) g pte ?.0 0 2.0 db muting ( ? gain) with pin 12 = high (v in = 0.316 vrms) g mte 60 76 db max. output swing @ pin 15 (3.0 v < v cc , 7.0 v) v out v p-p normal mode 2.8 passthrough mode 2.8 peak output current i pk ma v cc = 3.0 v, v out 2.4 v p-p 3.5 v cc = 3.0 v, v out = 2.7 v p-p 1.0 v cc 3.6 v, v out 2.8 v p-p 4.0 total harmonic distortion (v in = 100 mvrms) thd 0.2 1.0 %
www.lansdale.com page 4 of 12 issue a lansdale semiconductor, inc. ML33111 electrical characteristics (v cc = 3.6 v, f = 1.0 khz, t a = + 25 c, unless noted.) characteristic unit max typ min symbol expander (pin 12 = low, unless noted) power supply rejection @ 1.0 khz psrr db v in (pin 14) = 0 74 v in (pin 14) = 10 mvrms 76 v in (pin 14) = 316 mvrms 62 attack time (capacitor @ pin 11 = 1.0 f, per eia-553) decay time (capacitor @ pin 11 = 1.0 f, per eia-553) t at(e) t d(e) 3.0 14 ms input impedance at pin 14 r in 8.0 10.9 14 k dc bias level (pin 15) output dc shift (v in changed from 0 to 100 mvrms) vb ias 1.4 20 vb 1.0 1.6 20 vdc mvdc logic inputs (pins 4, 8, 12) switching threshold (3.0 < v cc < 7.0 v) v st 1.3 vdc input current rin a @ v in = 0 v 0 @ v in = 3.6 v 55 timing (v in @ pins 3 and 14 = 300 mvrms, see figures 1, 2) s comp. mute (pin 4) to comp. output low-to-high t cmlh 2.0 high-to-low t cmhl 3.0 exp. mute (pin 12) to exp. output low-to-high t emlh 2.0 high-to-low t emhl 3.0 passthrough (pin 8) to comp. output low-to-high t pclh 2.0 high-to-low t pchl 5.0 passthrough (pin 8) to exp. output low-to-high t pelh 6.0 high-to-low t pehl 7.0 op amps (pins 6, 7, 9, 10) open loop gain a vol 100 db gain bandwidth bw 300 khz input bias current @ pins 7, 9 i ib 8.0 na max output swing @ pins 6, 10 (3.0 v < v cc < 7.0 v) v out 2.8 v p-p peak output current i pk ma v cc = 3.0 v, v out 2.4 v p-p 3.0 v cc = 3.0 v, v out = 2.6 v p-p 2.0 v cc 3.6 v, v out 2.8 v p-p 3.7 total harmonic distortion (v out = 1.0 vrms, unity gain) thd 0.02 0.2 % miscellaneous power supply current i cc ma @ v cc = 3.6 v 1.5 2.0 @ v cc = 7.0 v 1.7 reference voltage vb 1.5 vdc channel separation cs db expander to compressor (pin 14 = 316 mvrms @ 1.0 khz and pin 3 = 0 mvrms) 40 70 (pin 14 = 100 mvrms (300 hz < f < 20 khz), pin 3 = 100 mvrms @ 1.2 khz) 96 compressor to expander (pin 3 = 1.0 vrms @ 1.0 khz and pin 14 = 0 mvrms) 60 100 (pin 3 = 100 mvrms (300 hz < f < 20 khz), pin 14 = 100 mvrms @ 1.2 khz) 97
www.lansdale.com page 5 of 12 issue a lansdale semiconductor, inc. ML33111 temperature performance (typical performance based on device characterization, not guaranteed.) characteristic 40 c +25 c + 85 c power supply current @ v cc = 3.6 v 1.2 ma 1.5 ma 1.6 ma @ v cc = 7.0 v 1.4 ma 1.7 ma 1.9 ma reference voltage (vb) 1.495 v 1.5 v 1.505 v 0 db gain (v in = 100 mvrms) ?compressor 0.08 db 0 db 0.04 db 0 db gain (v in = 100 mvrms) ?expander 0.04 db 0 db 0.03 db total harmonic distortion (v in = 100 mvrms) ?compressor 0.3% 0.2% 0.2% total harmonic distortion (v in = 100 mvrms) ?expander 0.3% 0.2% 0.16% gain tracking relative to 0 db gain ?compressor v in = 1.0 vrms 10.8 db 10 db 10 db v in = 1.0 mvrms ?9.95 db 20 db 20.1 db gain tracking relative to 0 db gain ?expander v in = 316 mvrms 18.6 db 20 db 19.95 db v in = 10 mvrms 40.2 db 40 db 39.9 db muting ( ? gain) with pin 4 = high (v in = 1.0 vrms) ?compressor 68 db 67 db 66 db muting ( ? gain) with pin 12 = high (v in = 0.316 vrms) ?expander 76 db 76 db 75 db figure 1. mute timing figure 2. passthrough timing compressor or expander output compressor or expander mute input t cmhl t emhl t emlh t cmlh expander output compressor output passthrough input
www.lansdale.com page 6 of 12 issue a lansdale semiconductor, inc. ML33111 expander v t u o ) b d ( e g a t l o v t u p t u o , v t u o ) s m r v m ( e g a t l o v t u p t u o , ) b d ( t u p n i o t e v i t a l e r t u p t u o f, frequency (hz) 100 15 40 20 0 20 20 100 25 1.0 1000 v in , input voltage (db) ) b d ( t u p n i o t e v i t a l e r t u p t u o f, frequency (hz) v in = 1.0 mvrms figure 5. frequency response (compressor) figure 6. frequency response (expander) figure 3. transfer characteristics v in , input voltage (mvrms) figure 4. transfer characteristics compressor expander 0 db = 100 mvrms v in = 10 mvrms v in = 100 mvrms v in = 1.0 vrms v in = 316 mvrms v in = 100 mvrms v in = 31.6 mvrms v in = 10 mvrms 100 10 15 5.0 5.0 0 20 5.0 0 5.0 ?5 25 ?5 0 10 20 10 100 1000 1000 10k 100k 1000 10k 100k 1.0 ?0 35 40 compressor attack time = time to 1.5 x v1 from input increase. decay time = time to 0.75 x v2 from input decrease. test per eia-553. output (pin 2) input (pin 3) v1 90 mv v2 360 mv figure 8. attack and decay times (expander) attack time = time to 0.57 x v1 from input increase. decay time = time to 1.5 x v2 from input decrease. test per eia-553. output (pin 15) input (pin 14) v1 100 mv v2 200 mv figure 7. attack and decay times (compressor)
www.lansdale.com page 7 of 12 issue a lansdale semiconductor, inc. ML33111 expander compressor figure 12. expander gain tracking versus temperature t a , ambient temperature ( c) t a , ambient temperature ( c) c, capacitance at pin 11 ( f) 0 120 40 2.0 0 100 40 1.0 40 1.0 0 100 i n i ) a ( t n e r r u c t u p n i , v in , input voltage (v) pins 4, 8, 12 v in v cc ) % ( n o i t r o t s i d c i n o m r a h l a t o t t a , ambient temperature ( c) figure 11. compressor gain tracking versus temperature figure 13. thd versus temperature figure 14. logic inputs?current ) s m ( e m i t , t figure 9. attack and decay times (compressor) c, capacitance at pin 5 ( f) figure 10. attack and decay times (expander) decay time attack time decay time attack time ) s m ( e m i t , t ) b d ( c 5 2 + s v t f i r d n i a g shaded area depicts typical drift range 10 mvrms v in 316 mvrms shaded area depicts typical drift range 1.0 mvrms v in 1.0 vrms 80 60 40 20 0 80 60 40 20 1.0 2.0 0 ?.0 0.5 0 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 0 40 20 20 60 85 20 0 20 40 60 85 20 0 20 40 60 85 2.0 4.0 6.0 7.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 0 ?.0 ) b d ( c 5 2 + s v t f i r d n i a g
www.lansdale.com page 8 of 12 issue a lansdale semiconductor, inc. ML33111 introduction the ML33111 compander (compressor and expander) is composed of two variable gain circuits which provide compression and expansion of a signals dynamic range. the compressor will take a signal with a 60 db dynamic range (1.0 mv to 1.0 vrms), and reduce that to a 30 db dynamic range (10 mv to 316 mv) by attenuating strong signals, while amplifying low level signals. the expander does the opposite in that the 30 db signal range is increased to a dynamic range of 60 db by amplifying strong signals and attenuating low level signals. the 0 db level is internally set at 100 mvrms ?that is the signal level which is neither amplified nor attenuated. both circuits contain the necessary precision full wave rectifier, variable gain cell, and tempera- ture compensated references required for accurate and stable performance. both the compressor and expander can be muted independ- ently by the use of pins 4 and 12, respectively. a minimum of 55 db of muting is guaranteed for the compressor, and 60 db for the expander. a passthrough function (pin 8) is pro- vided which sets both sections to unity gain, regardless of input level. two uncommitted op amps are provided which can be used for perpherial functions. each is internally biased at vb ( +1.5 v), and has a bandwidth of 300 khz. note: all db values mentioned in this data sheet, unless otherwise noted, are referenced to 100 mvrms. compressor the compressor is a noninverting amplifier with a fixed input resistor and a variable gain cell in its feedback path as shown in figure 15. the amplifier output is sampled by the precision rectifier which, in turn, supplies a dc signal (i control ), repre- sentative of the rectifiers ac signal, to the variable gain cell. the reference current (i ref ) is an internally generated precision current. the effective impedance of the variable gain cell varies with the ratio of the two currents, and decreases as i control increases, thereby providing com- pression. the output is related to the input by the following equation (v in and v out are rms volts): the input and output are internally biased at vb ( +1.5 v), and must therefore be capacitor coupled to external circuitry. pin 3 input impedance is nominally 10 k (?0%), and the maximum functional input signal is listed in the recommended operating conditions table. bias currents required by the op amp and the variable gain cell are inter- nally supplied. due to clamp diodes at the input (to v cc and ground), the input signal must be maintained between the supply rails. if the input signal goes more than 0.5 v above v cc or below ground, excessive currents will flow, and dis- tortion will show up at the output and possibly in other parts of the circuit. when ac signals are not present at the input, the variable gain cell will attempt to set a very high gain to comply with equation 2. an internal clamp limits the maximum gain to 26 db to prevent instabilities. the output of the rectifier is filtered by the capacitor at pin 5, which, in conjunction with an internal 20 k resistor, pro- vides the time constant for the attack and decay times.the attack and decay times listed in the electrical characteristics were determined using the test procedure defined in eia-553. figure 9 indicates how the times vary with the capacitor value. if the attack and decay times are decreased using a smaller capacitor, performance at low frequencies will degrade. (1) in terms of db levels, the relationship is: vo(db) = 0.5 x vi(db) (2) where 0 db = 100 mvrms (see figures 3 and 4). v out 0.3162 x v in 40 k output 2 7.5 k ? gain rectifier i control i ref 5 vb 10 k v cc 3 input 1.0 f figure 15. compressor functional d e scri p tion
www.lansdale.com page 9 of 12 issue a lansdale semiconductor, inc. ML33111 e xpander the expander is an noninverting amplifier with a fixed feed- back resistor and a variable gain cell in its input path as shown in figure 16. the input signal is sampled by the precision rectifier which, in turn, supplies a dc signal (i control ), representative of the ac input signal, to the variable gain cell. the reference cur- rent (i ref ) is an internally generated precision current. the effective impedance of the variable gain cell varies with the ratio of the two currents, and decreases as i control increas- es, thereby providing expansion. the output is related to the input by the following equation (vin and vout are rms volts): the input and output are internally biased at vb ( +1.5 v), and must therefore be capacitor coupled to external circuitry. the input impedance at pin 14 is nominally 10.9 k (20%), and the maxi- mum functional input signal is listed in the recommended operating conditions table. bias currents required by the op amp and the variable gain cell are internally supplied. due to clamp diodes at the input (to v cc and ground), the input signal must be maintained between the supply rails. if the input signal goes more than 0.5 v above v cc or below ground, excessive currents will flow, and distortion will show up at the output, and possibly in other parts of the circuit. the output of the rectifier is filtered by the capacitor at pin 11, which, in conjunction with an internal 20 k resistor, provides the time constant for the attack and decay times. the attack and decay times listed in the electrical characteristics were determined using the test procedure defined in eia-553. figure 10 indicates how the times vary with the capacitor value. if the attack and decay times are decreased by using a smaller capacitor, performance at low fre- quencies will degrade. op amps the two op amps (at pins 6, 7, 9, and 10) are identical and can be used for peripheral functions, such as a microphone amplifier, buffer, filter, etc. they have an open loop gain of 100 db, and a bandwidth of 300 khz. the noninverting inputs are internally biased at vb ( +1.5 v). the inverting inputs (pins 7, 9) require a bias current of 8.0 na, which flows into the pin. the outputs can typically supply a maxi- mum of 3.7 ma load current (see electrical characteristics). not e : if an op amp is unused, its output must be tied to its input (pin 6 to 7 and/or 9 to 10). leaving an input open can affect other portions of the ic. logic inputs the three inputs (pins 4, 8, 12) provide for muting and passthrough functions for the compressor and expander according to the following truth table: the logic section permits the compressor and expander to be muted independently. the passthrough control affects both sec- tions simultaneously, but only if the mute inputs are at a logic level 0. if both the passthrough and a mute input are asserted, the mute will override the passthrough. the logic controls do not affect the two uncommitted op amps in any way. figure 17 depicts a typical logic input stage configuration, and figure 14 indicates the typical input current. the inputs threshold is +1.3 v, independent of v cc . an open input is equivalent to a logic low, but good design practices dictate that inputs should never be left open. the inputs must be kept with- in the range of v cc and gnd. if an input is taken more than 0.5 v above v cc or below gnd excessive currents will flow, and the devices operation will be distorted. v out = 10 x (v in ) 2 (3) in terms of db levels, the relationship is: vo(db) = 2.0 x vi(db) (4) where 0 db = 100 mvrms (see figures 3 and 4). cm (pin 4) em (pin 12) pt (pin 8) function 0 0 0 normal operation 1 x x compressor mute x 1 x expander mute 0 0 1 passthrough figure 17. logic input stage 50 k 50 k v cc pins 4, 8, 12 40 k output 15 20 k ? gain rectifier i control i ref 11 vb 15 k v cc 14 input 1.0 f figure 16. expander
www.lansdale.com page 10 of 12 issue a lansdale semiconductor, inc. ML33111 p ower supply the ML33111 requires a supply voltage between 3.0 v and 7.0 v, and a nominal current of 1.6 ma. the supply voltage should be well filtered and free of ripple. a minimum of 4.7 f in parallel with a 0.01 f capacitor is recommended for filtering and rf bypass. vb is an internally generated reference set at +1.5 v, and is used internally as an ac ground. it is not available directly at any pins, but can be obtained as a buffered reference from either op amp by connecting the op amp as a follower. typical application circuit figure 18 indicates a typical implementation of the ML33111 compander. the following points apply: a) the values shown adjacent to some components are based on the expected use of the ic: the input capacitors (pins 3 and 14) provide a 3.0 db rolloff of 30 hz, a decade below the nominal voiceband. the rectifier capacitors provide attack and decay times as indicated in the electrical tables. b) the values for the unlabeled components are application dependent: the components around the op amps depend on their use. the value of the capacitors at the compressor and expander outputs depend on the circuit to which they are connected. c) if either the compressor or expander is not used, its input must not be left open. it can be connected to ground either through a capacitor, or directly to ground. d) the two op amps can be used for any purpose which suits the application. the indicated use of the one op amp as a micro phone amplifier is only an example. e) if an op amp is not used, its output and input must be connected together. do not leave pin 7 or pin 9 open. f) the logic inputs (pins 4, 8, 12) are ttl/cmos compatible. the logic high voltage must not exceed the v cc voltage on the ML33111. any unused input should be connected to ground and not left open. signal-to-noise improvement among the basic reasons for the original development of compan- der type circuits was to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of long dis- tance communications circuits, and of voice circuits which are trans- mitted over rf links (cbs, walkie-talkies, cordless phones, etc.). since much of the interfering noise heard at the receiving end of a transmission is due to noise picked up, for example, in the airway portion of the rf link, the compressor was developed to increase the low-level signals at the transmitting end. then any noise picked up in the rf link would be a smaller percentage of the transmitted signal level. at the receiving end, the signal is then expanded back to its original level, retaining the same high signal-to-noise ratio. while the above explanation indicates it is not necessary to attenuate strong signals (at the transmitting end), a benefit of doing this is the reduced dynamic range which must be handled by the system trans- mitter and receiver. the ML33111 was designed for a two-to-one compression and expansion, i.e. a 60 db dynamic signal is com- pressed to a 30 db dynamic range, transmitted to the receiving end, and then expanded back to a 60 db dynamic range. figure 18. typical application ML33111 (see text for component values) p or other control circuit 4.7/ 0.01 pt cm em v cc compressor output expander output 16 1 2 15 mute/ passthrough logic bias & reference generator vb 15 k rectifier 7.5 k 40 k 40 k vb 10 k ? gain rectifier 6 7 vb vb microphone v+ 1.0 f 1.0 f 0.47 9 10 5 3 11 14 0.47 compressor input expander input ? gain 8 4 12 20 k l e gacy a pp lications information
www.lansdale.com page 11 of 12 issue a lansdale semiconductor, inc. ML33111 the ML33111 compander is not limited to rf or long dis- tance telephony applications. it can be used in any system requiring either an improved signal-to-noise ratio, or a reduced dynamic range. such applications include tele- phones, speakerphones, tape recorders, wireless microphones, digital recording, and many others. p ower supplies, grounding the pc board layout, and the quality of the power supplies and the ground system at the ic are very important in order to obtain proper operation. noise, from any source, coming into the device on v cc or ground, can cause a distorted out- put, or incorrect gain levels. v cc must be decoupled to the appropriate ground at the ic (within 1 max.) with a 4.7 f capacitor and a 0.01 f ceramic. a tantalum capacitor is recommended for the larger value if very high frequency noise is present, since electrolyt- ic capacitors simply have too much inductance at those fre- quencies. the quality of the power supply voltage should be checked at the ic with a high frequency scope. noise spikes (always present if digital circuits are near this ic) can easily exceed 400 mv, and if they get into the ic, the output can have noise or distortion. noise can be reduced by inserting resistors and/or inductors between the supply and the ic. if switching power supplies are used, there will be spikes of 0.5 v or greater at frequencies of 50 khz 1.0 mhz. these spikes are generally more difficult to reduce because of their greater energy content. in extreme cases, a 3-terminal regulator (e.g., mc78l05acp), with appropriate high fre- quency filtering, should be used and dedicated to the analog portion of the circuit. the ripple content of the supply should not allow its magnitude to exceed the values in the recommended operating conditions table. the pc board tracks supplying v cc and ground to the ML33111 should preferably not be at the tail end of the bus distribution, after passing through a maze of digital circuitry. the analog circuitry containing the ML33111 should be close to the power supply, or the connector where the supply volt- ages enter the board. if v cc is supplying considerable current to other parts of the board, then it is preferable to have dedi- cated lines directly to the ML33111 and associated circuitry. p c board layout although this device is intended for use in the audio fre- quency range, the various amplifiers have a bandwidth of 300 khz, and can therefore oscillate at frequencies outside the voiceband should there be excessive stray capacitance or other unintended feedback loops. a solid ground plane is strongly recommended to minimize coupling of any digital noise into the analog section. use of wire wrapped boards should definitely be avoided. since many applications of the ML33111 compander involve voice transmission over rf links, care must be taken in the design of the product to keep rf signals out of the ML33111 and associated circuitry. this involves proper lay- out of the pc boards and the physical arrangement of the boards, shielding, proper rf ground, etc. attack time ?the settling time for a circuit after its input signal has been increased. attenuation ?a decrease in magnitude of a communication sig- nal, usually expressed in db. bandwidth ?the range of information carrying frequencies of a communication system. channel separation ?the ability of one circuit to reject out- putting signals which are being processed by another circuit. also referred to as crosstalk rejection, it is usually expressed in db. compander ?a contraction of the words compressor and expander. a compander is composed of two circuits, one of each kind. compressor ?a circuit which compresses, or reduces, the dynamic range of a signal by attenuating strong signals and amplify- ing low level signals. db ?a power or voltage measurement unit, referred to another power or voltage. it is generally computed as: 10 x log (p1/p2) for power signals, and 20 x log (v1/v2) for voltage signals. dbm an indication of signal power. 1.0 mw across 600 , or 0.775 vrms, is typically defined as 0 dbm for telecom applications. any voltage level is converted to dbm by: dbm = 20 x log (vrms/0.775), or dbm = [20 x log (vrms)] + 2.22. dbrn ?indicates a dbm measurement relative to 1.0 pw power level into 600 . generally used for noise measurements, 0 dbm = ?0 dbm. dbrnc ?indicates a dbrn measurement using a c-message weighting filter. decay time ?the settling time for a circuit after its input signal has been decreased. e xpander ?a circuit which expands, or increases the dynamic range of a signal by amplifying strong signals and attenuating low level signals. gain ?the change in signal amplitude (increase or decrease) after passing through an amplifier, or other circuit stage. usually expressed in db, an increase is a positive number, and a decrease is a negative number. mute ?reducing the level of an audio signal, generally so that it is inaudible. partial muting is used in some applications. p assthrough ?bypassing the compression and/or expansion func- tion by setting the gain to a fixed value (usually unity). this is usual- ly employed when data, rather than voice, is to be transmitted with- out attenuation. p ower supply rejection ratio ?the ability of a circuit to reject outputting noise, or ripple, which is present on the power supply lines. psrr is usually expressed in db. signal to noise ratio ?the ratio of the desired signal to unwant- ed signals (noise) within a defined frequency range. the larger the number, the better. voiceband ?that portion of the audio frequency range used for transmission in the telephone system. typically it is 300-3400 hz. zero db p oin t?the signal level which has its amplitude unchanged by a compressor or expander. legacy applications information d e finitions
www.lansdale.com page 12 of 12 issue a lansdale semiconductor, inc. ML33111 lansdale semiconductor reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein to improve reliabil- ity, function or design. lansdale does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit described herein; neither does it convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others. ?ypical?parameters whi ch may be provided in lansdale data sheets and/or specifications can vary in different applications, and actual performance may vary over time. all operating parameters, including ?ypicals?must be validated for each customer application by the cus- tomers technical experts. lansdale semiconductor is a registered trademark of lansdale semiconductor, inc. p dip 16 = ep plastic package (ML33111ep) case 648-08 outline dimensions inches millimeters dim a b c d f g h j k l m s 18.80 6.35 3.69 0.39 1.02 0.21 2.80 7.50 0 0.51 19.55 6.85 4.44 0.53 1.77 0.38 3.30 7.74 10 1.01 0.740 0.250 0.145 0.015 0.040 0.008 0.110 0.295 0 0.020 0.770 0.270 0.175 0.021 0.070 0.015 0.130 0.305 10 0.040 notes: 1. dimensioning and tolerancing per ansi y14.5m, 1982. 2. controlling dimension: inch. 3. dimension l to center of leads when formed parallel. 4. dimension b does not include mold flash. 5. rounded corners optional. 2.54 bsc 1.27 bsc 0.100 bsc 0.050 bsc -a- b 18 9 16 f h g d 16 pl s c -t- seating plane k j m l ta 0.25 (0.010) m m so 16 = -5p plastic package (ML33111-5p) case 751b-05 0.25 (0.010) t b a m s s millimeters inches dim a b c d f g j k m p r 9.80 3.80 1.35 0.35 0.40 0.19 0.10 0 5.80 0.25 10.00 4.00 1.75 0.49 1.25 0.25 0.25 7 6.20 0.50 0.386 0.150 0.054 0.014 0.016 0.008 0.004 0 0.229 0.010 0.393 0.157 0.068 0.019 0.049 0.009 0.009 7 0.244 0.019 1.27 bsc 0.050 bsc notes: 1. dimensioning and tolerancing per ansi y14.5m, 1982. 2. controlling dimension: millimeter. 3. dimensions a and b do not include mold protrusion. 4. maximum mold protrusion 0.15 (0.006) per side. 5. dimension d does not include dambar protrusion. allowable dambar protrusion shall be 0.127 (0.005) total in excess of the d dimension at maximum material condition. 1 8 9 16 -a- -b- d 16 pl k c g -t- seating plane r x 45 m j f p 8 pl 0.25 (0.010) b m m

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