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act2823 rev 1, 01-dec-2016 innovative power tm activeswitcher tm is a trademark of active-semi. 1 dual cell li-ion battery char ger and power bank manager benefits and features ? simple design o single chip charger and power bank con- trol o power path and battery charge control o charge/discharge/power path control o automatic output plug-in detection wakeup and no load detection sleep mode ? usb compatible o vin = 4.5v to 5.5v o vout = 5.07v +/- 1% o auto detection support usb bc1.2, chi- nese yd/t 1591-2009, apple, and samsung o pass mfi test o automatically accommodates weak input power sources. ? high power capability o 3.3a load current o 1.5a charge current o dual li-ion cells C 8.4v/8.7v +/-0.5% ? built in safety o over/under-voltage protection o low power short circuit protection o battery over charge/discharge protection o charge/discharge thermal regulation ? space savings o single chip design - fully integrated fets o integrated led status reporting o tqfn5x5-40 package ? power savings o >92% efficient o 400khz o <10ua battery drain current ? easy system level design o i2c programmability 1mhz o configurable operating modes and fault conditions o meets en55022 class b radiated emi standard applications ? backup battery pack ? power bank ? dual cell boost battery charger ? bluetooth speaker ? wearables ? pos machine ? standalone battery charger with usb output general description the act2823 is a space-saving, dedicated single-chip solution for dual-cell battery charge and discharge control. it is optimized for power bank and battery backup systems. the act2823 operates in three modes: charge mode, discharge mode and hz mode. it charges dual li-ion batteries from a usb input while also delivering power to the load. automatic power path control always gives priority to the load. when the usb input is not present, the act2823 powers the load at 5.07v from the batteries. the cycle- by-cycle peak current mode control, constant current regulation, short circuit protection and over voltage protection maximize safe operation. act2823s hz mode minimizes the batteries current drain to less than 10a to help maintain fully charged batteries for products with long storage, shipping, and shelf life. act2823 provides 4 led drive pins for battery capacity level and charge status indication to indicate 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% battery charge levels. multiple led indications patterns are programmable. act2823 is available in a thermally enhanced 5mmx5mm qfn55-40 package with exposed pad. csp csn vout hsb bat bats batp batn icst th vreg agnd pb led1 led2 led3 led4 rimc 4.7uh act2823 pgnd 22uf vin sw v in 5.07v/3.3a v out 20m 25m 22uf 22uf 1uf 22uf 22uf 540 k 8k 10k 47nf
act2823 rev 1, 01-dec-2016 innovative power tm activeswitcher tm is a trademark of active-semi. 2 functional block diagram batn ledls1 ledls2 ledls3 ledls4 pt rimc hyst fuel gauge vin q 1 control system control boost charger and buck discharger pgn d agnd icst thermistor led1 led2 led3 led4 charge control bats batp bat th usb auto detector push button detector hsb sw vout csp csn output current control vreg vreg power mux to adapter or usb port secondary battery protection optional pb scl sda i2c control mcu dp dm out port act2823 trickle charge control rcs=25m? ovgate ovsens external fet control optional rcs=25m? + - d+ d- usb shielding vreg q2 q3
act2823 rev 1, 01-dec-2016 innovative power tm activeswitcher tm is a trademark of active-semi. 3 ordering information part number battery eoc voltage junction temperature package pi ns act2823qj-t1000 8.4v -40?c to 150?c qfn55-40 40 act2823qj-t1435 8.7v -40?c to 150?c qfn55-40 40 note 1: all active-semi components are rohs compliant and with pb-free plating unless specified differently. the term pb-free means semiconductor products that are in compliance with current rohs (restriction of hazardous substances) standards. note 2: package code designator q represents qfn note 3: pin count designator j represents 40 pins pin configurationC qfn55-40 csn csp csp vout vout vin vin scl sda nc hsb sw sw bat bat bats batp nc pgnd led3 led2 led1 pb agnd vreg th icst batn led4 dp dm hyst rimc pt ledls4 ledls3 ledls2 ledls1 ovgate ovsens pgnd act2823 top view figure 1: pin configuration C top view C qfn55-40
act2823 rev 1, 01-dec-2016 innovative power tm activeswitcher tm is a trademark of active-semi. 4 pin descriptions - qfn pin name description 1 csn output current sense negative input. 2,3 csp output current sense positive input. 4, 5 vout power output pin. 6, 7 vin usb or ac adapter input. 8 ovgate output to drive optional external nmos protect ic from over voltage. 9 ovsens usb or ac adapter input sense pin. 10 scl i2c clock input. 11 sda i2c data input. 12 nc not connected. this pin must be floating. do not connect this pin to any etch on the pcb. 13 hsb high side bias pin used for high side fet gate drive. co nnect a 47nf ceramic capacitor from hsb to sw. 14,15 sw internal switch connected to a terminal of the output inductor. 16,17 bat charging output pin. bypass to pgnd with high quality ceramic capacitors placed as close to the ic as possible. connect to the charging current sense resistor. 18 bats battery current sense positive input. connect to cs res istor positive terminal with kevin connection. 19 batp battery current sense negative input. connect to cs res istor negative terminal with kevin connection. 20 nc not connected. this pin must be floating. do not connect this pin to any etch on the pcb. 21 pgnd power ground. 22 batn battery negative terminal. connect directly to pgnd. 23 icst fast charge current setting pin. connect a resistor fro m this pin to agnd to set the charging current. the current setting ranges from 0.5a-1.5a. the voltage at this pin reflects the charge current and discharge current in charge mode and discharge mode, respectively. 24 th temperature sensing input. connect to a battery thermisto r terminal. 25 vreg +5v bias output. connect a 1.0uf to this pin. this pin supplies up to 50ma output current. the bias turns on in charge mode and discharge mode. internal register bit can sh ut down the bias. bias turns off in hz mode. 26 agnd logic ground output. connect this pin to the exposed pg nd pad on same layer with ic. 27 pb push button input. when this pin is pushed for more than 40ms, led1-4 indicators are enabled for 5 seconds. 28 led1 battery level indicator. 29 led2 battery level indicator. 30 led3 battery level indicator. 31 led4 battery level indicator. 32 ledls1 led1 threshold level shift. connect a resistor from t he pin to agnd to shift led1 threshold voltage. 33 ledls2 led2 threshold level shift. connect a resistor from t he pin to agnd to shift led2 threshold voltage. 34 ledls3 led3 threshold level shift. connect a resistor from t he pin to agnd to shift led3 threshold voltage. 35 ledls4 led4 threshold level shift. connect a resistor from t he pin to agnd to shift led4 threshold voltage. 36 pt led indication mode input. the 5 modes of led indication patterns are set by a voltage at this pin. connect a resistor at the pin to set the voltage and an led indication pattern. 37 rimc battery impedance compensation input. connect a resisto r to this pin to offset the led threshold voltages in charge mode and discharge mode. 38 hyst hysteresis window setting input. connect a resistor to ground to set led1, 2, 3, 4 hysteresis windows. 39 dm output port auto detection input. connected to portable d evice d-. 40 dp output port auto detection input. connected to portable d evice d+. exposed pad pgnd electrically connected to agnd and pgnd. also used as thermal pad to remove heat from the ic. connect to the top layer ground plane and use recommended thermal vias to internal and back side pcb ground planes.
act2823 rev 1, 01-dec-2016 innovative power tm activeswitcher tm is a trademark of active-semi. 5 absolute maximum ratings parameter value unit ledls1, ledls2, ledls3, ledls4, rimc, hyst and pt to gnd -0.3 t o +6 v led1, led2, led3 and led4 to gnd -0.3 to +6 v pb, dm, dp, th, scl, sda a nd icst to gnd -0.3 to +6 v ovsens to gnd -0.3 to +16 v ovgate to gnd -0.3 to +12 v vin, vout and vreg to gnd -0.3 to +6 v csp to csn, csp to vout -0.3 to +0.3 v bat to bats, bats to batp -0.3 to +0.3 v bat to batn -0.3 to +12 v batn to gnd -0.3 to +0.3 v sw to pgnd -0.3 to +12 v hsb to sw -0.3 to +6 v junction to ambient thermal resistance ( ja ) 40 /w operating junction temperature (t j ) -40 to 150 operating temperature range (t a ) -40 to 85 store temperature -55 to 150 lead temperature (soldering, 10 sec) 300 note1: do not exceed these limits to prevent damage to the devi ce. exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for long per iods may affect device reliability. note2: measured on active-semi evaluation kit
act2823 rev 1, 01-dec-2016 innovative power tm activeswitcher tm is a trademark of active-semi. 6 electrical characteristice table (v in = 5v, t a = 25c, unless otherwise specified.) input current limit, over voltage protection, output under volt age protection parameter test conditions min typ max unit input voltage range 4.5 5.5 v input over voltage protection vin rising, v in _ovp 5.5 5.7 6.0 v input over voltage hysteresis vin falling, vin_ovp_hyst 290 mv input under voltage lock-out vin rising, v in _uvlo 4.2 v input under voltage lock-out hysteresis vin falling, vin_uvlo_h yst 200 mv input current limit setting range 3.8 a output under voltage protection (uvp) vout falling, vout_uvp 3.65 v output under voltage protection hysteresis vout rising, vout_uv p_hyst 200 mv q1 wait time in hiccup mode 3 s boost mode/charge mode parameter test conditions min typ max unit switching frequency -15% 400 +15% khz precondition voltage threshold of total cells vbat rising 5.6 v preconditioning current percentage of fast charge current 15 % boost charger uvlo vout rising, bst_uvlo 4.2 v battery end-of-charge voltage vbat_eoc (act2823qj-t1000) -0.5% 8.4 +0.5% v vbat_eoc (act2823qj-t1435) -0.5% 8.7 +0.5% v fast charge current setting ricst=8k -10% 1.0 +10% a end of charge detection current percentage of fast charge curre nt 10 % shielding cable detection threshold at pb pb falling in charge mode. vin = 5v vin-1.5v v charge current foldback threshold with vin, without shielding cable connected start point 4.7 v end point 4.6 v charge current foldback threshold with vin, with shielding cable connected start point 4.92 v end point 4.82 v continuous charging time after eoc teoc 45 min charger thermal regulation temperature 100 110 120
act2823 rev 1, 01-dec-2016 innovative power tm activeswitcher tm is a trademark of active-semi. 7 buck mode/discharge parameter test conditions min typ max unit buck under voltage lock-out vbat falling, vbat1,2 5.8 v vout output regulation voltage reg3[1:0]=00,default 5.07 v reg3[1:0]=01 5.12 v reg3[1:0]=10 5.17 v reg3[1:0]=11 5.22 v vout current limit rcs=20m 3.3 a buck converter under voltage protection thresh- old vout falling goes into hiccup 3.65 v buck converter over voltage protection threshold vout rising 5.7 v buck convert hiccup time 3.4 s buck converter light-load cut-off current 5 10 15 ma buck converter light-load cut-off deglitch time 12.5 s high side switch peak current limit all condition 4.5 a over temperature protection otp 160 over temperature protection hysteresis otp_hyst 20 battery protection parameter test conditions min typ max unit battery over charge current 2.6 3 a battery over voltage percentage of eoc voltage 101 102.5 104 % battery under voltage and short circuit protection 3.2 v preconditioning timer if timer expires, goes to latch-off 1 hr th pull-up current charge mode 140 a discharge mode 100 a th high threshold charge mode 2.5 v discharge mode 2.5 v th low threshold charge mode 1 v discharge mode 0.57 v system management parameter test conditions min typ max unit vreg output current 50 ma pb rising threshold pb rising, discharge mode 0.95 v pb falling threshold pb falling, discharge mode with vin=5v 0 .75 v pb internal pull up resistance pull up to internal supply 1.2 m fault condition alarmfrequency 0.5s on and 0.5s off 1.0 hz fault condition alarm timer 10 s
act2823 rev 1, 01-dec-2016 innovative power tm activeswitcher tm is a trademark of active-semi. 8 led indication parameter test conditions min typ max unit led1-4 indication level setting 5.5 8.8 v led1-4 sink current 3 ma led1-4 scan interval for each led pattern before lighting leds 0.5 s i2c interface scl, sda input low vin = 5v 0.4 v scl, sda input high vin = 5v 1.25 v sda leakage current sda=5v 1 a sda output low iol = 5ma 0.35 v scl clock frequency, fscl 0 1000 khz scl low period, tlow 0.5 s scl high period, thigh 0.26 s sda data setup time, tsu 50 ns sda data hold time, thd (note1) 0 ns start setup time, tst for start condition 260 ns stop setup time, tsp for stop condition 260 ns capacitance on scl or sda pin 10 pf sda fall time sda, tof device requirement 120 ns rise time of both sda and scl, tr see note: 3 120 ns fall time of both sda and scl, tf see note: 3 120 ns pulse width of spikes must be suppressed on scl and sda 0 50 ns note1: no internal timeout for i 2 c operations. note2: this is an i2c system specification only. rise and fall time of scl & sda not controlled by the device. note2: device address is 7h5a figure 2: i2c data transfer sda scl t st t su t hd t sp t scl start condition stop condition
act2823 rev 1, 01-dec-2016 innovative power tm activeswitcher tm is a trademark of active-semi. 9 i2c programmable parameter list items step/status default input current limit and q1 input current limit 0.6a,1.25a, 2.75a, 3.8a 3.8a vin uvlo 4.2v, 4.5v 4.2v buck converter/discharge mode discharge cut-off voltage 5.4v, 5.6v, 5.8v, 6.0v 5.8v vout voltage 5.07v, 5.12v, 5.17v, 5.22v 5.07v boost converter/charge mode battery eoc voltage 8.7v, 8.4v, 8.3v, 8.2v 8.4v (act2823qj-t1000) 8.7v (act2823qj-t1435) pre-charge voltage threshold 5.6v, 6.0v 5.6v pre-charge current 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% 15% eoc current 6%, 10%, 14%, 18% 10% fast charge current 60%, 80%, 100%, 120% 100% system vreg on/off in hz mode on, off off
act2823 rev 1, 01-dec-2016 innovative power tm activeswitcher tm is a trademark of active-semi. 10 customer register map the act2823 address is 7h5a C write address is 8hb4 and read address is 8hb5 default values for the act2823qj-t are in bold. reg1: config discharge (r/w) bit name reset value description 7 spare 00 spare 6 5 force standby 0 0: no force 1: force 4 disable light load 0 0: enable 1: disable 3 spare 0 spare 2 mask faults 0 0: no mask 1: mask 1 clear faults 0 0: no clear 1: clear 0 soft reset 0 0: no reset 1: reset reg2: config discharge (r/w) bit name reset value description 7 spare 000 spare 6 5 4 led indication lock-out 0 0: 0s 1: 30s 3 spare 0 spare 2 led scan disable 0 0: enable 1: disable 1 led always display during discharge 0 0: diable 1: enable 0 led breathing pwm period 0 0: 2s 1: 3s reg3: config discharge (r/w) bit name reset value description 7 vin current limit 10 00: 2.75a 01: 0.6a 10: 3.8a 11: 1.15a 6 5 vin uvlo level 0 0: 4.2v 1: 4.5v 4 spare 0 spare 3 battery discharge cut-off voltage 10 00: 5.4v 01: 5.6v 10: 5.8v 11: 6.0v 2 1 spare 00 spare 0 reg4: config discharge (r/w) bit name reset value description 7 charging time after eoc 1 0: 0s 1: 45 mins 6 battery pre-condition voltage level 0 0: 5.6v 1: 6.0v 5 battery pre-condition current level 01 00: 10% 01: 15% 10: 20% 11: 25% 4 3 battery eoc voltage level 10 00: 8.2v 01: 8.3v 10: 8.4v 11: 8.7v 2 a ct2823qj-t1000 default = 8.4v (10) a ct2823qj-t1435 default = 8.7v (11) 1 battery eoc current level 01 00: 6% 01: 10% 10: 14% 11: 18% 0
act2823 rev 1, 01-dec-2016 innovative power tm activeswitcher tm is a trademark of active-semi. 11 reg5: config discharge (r/w) bit name reset value description 7 battery fast charge current level 10 00: 60% 01: 80% 10: 100% 11: 120% 6 5 vreg on/off in hz mode 0 0: off 1: on 4 hz latch-off 1 0: no latch-off 1: latch-off 3 spare 00 spare 2 1 thermistor thresholds 1 0: single 1: dual 0 spare 0 spare reg6: config discharge (r/w) bit name reset value description 7 operation mode 00 00: disabled 01: charge 10: discharge 11: not used 6 5 battery charging status 00 00: trickle 01: pre-condition 10: fast charge 11: top off 4 3 usb device status 0 0: not connected 1: connected 2 spare 000 spare 1 0 reg7: config discharge (r/w) bit name reset value description 7 vin uv/ov 0 0: no fault 1: fault 6 vout uv/ov 0 0: no fault 1: fault 5 otp 0 0: no fault 1: fault 4 charge thermal foldback 0 0: no fault 1: fault 3 spare 0000 spare 2 1 0 reg8: config discharge (r/w) bit name reset value description 7 battery over temperature 0 0: no fault 1: fault 6 battery under temperature 0 0: no fault 1: fault 5 battery over voltage 0 0: no fault 1: fault 4 battery cut-off 0 0: no fault 1: fault 3 battery short & pin fault 0 0: no fault 1: fault 2 battery over current 0 0: no fault 1: fault 1 battery trickle/pre-condition timer expire 0 0: no fault 1: fault 0 battery low 0 0: no fault 1: fault
act2823 rev 1, 01-dec-2016 innovative power tm activeswitcher tm is a trademark of active-semi. 12 general information act2823 is a complete battery charging and discharging power management solution for applications of duel-cell, lithium-based backup battery pack or power bank. with a usb input, the act2823 charges a dual cell li-ion battery and provides power to the output. when usb power is removed, it powers the output from the battery. the act2823 contains a fully integrated, advanced, bidirectional, synchronous boost/buck converter. the converter automatically configures itself as a boost or a buck, depending on the system level conditions. no microprocessor or user intervention is needed to switch between operating modes. act2823 operates in three modes: charge mode, discharge mode, and high-impedance (hz) mode. it operates in charge mode when an input voltage is present. it operates in discharge mode when the input source is not present. it also contains a high impedance (hz) mode to minimize standby power when input power is not present and a load is not connected. the act2823 automatically prioritizes power to the load. if the input voltage drops due to a weak input source, the charger reduces charging current to ensure the load can continue to operate. features charger the act2823 charger contains a boost converter that charges a dual li-ion battery from a usb input. if a battery is connected, charging is accomplished with a fully integrated boost converter and consists of five phases: trickle charge, preconditioning, fast charge, top off, and end of charge. it contains full, built in charging protection, including over-charge protection, over discharge protection, thermal regulation, and automatic power path priority to the load. trickle charge when the battery is over-discharged, it must be charged with a very small current to prevent battery damage. the act2823 provides this protection by charging the battery with 40ma directly from vin when the battery voltage is lower than 96% of vin. when the battery voltage increases to greater than 96% of vin, the charger transitions to precondition charge mode. note that q1 is turned off and vout is not present in trickle charge mode. precondition charge when the battery voltage is below the precondition threshold, typically 5.6v, the charger operates in precondition mode. in this mode, it charges the battery with a constant current that is set to 15% of the programmed fast charge current. this prevents damage to a heavily discharged battery. when the battery voltage increases above the precondition threshold, the charger transitions to fast charge mode. the battery voltage is measured between the batp and batn pins. fast charge when the battery voltage is above precondition threshold, the charger operates in fast charge mode. fast charge mode charges the battery with a constant current set to the programmed fast charge current. the fast charge current is set by the resistor on the icst pin. the charger stays in fast charge mode until the battery voltage reaches the end-of-charge voltage, typically 8.4v or 8.7v. figure 3 shows a block diagram with current sensing. act2823 vin input vout rcs sw l cin cout1 battery1 output io iin bat battery2 icst r icst batp batn ic figure 3: battery current monitoring the following equation calculates the fast charge current, ic. ) 1 ( * 200 ) ( cs icst r r a ic ? where r cs is the current sense resistor in mand r icst is the fast charge current setting resistor in k. as an example, setting r cs =25m and r icst =8k results in a 1a fast charge current. always design for a current sense resistor voltage between 20mv-75mv in fast charge mode. during discharge mode, the ic inverts the inputs to the battery current sense amp and the voltage on icst can be used to measure the discharge current. the following equation calculates the discharge current. ) 2 ( 20 icst icst discharge r v i ? ? where v icst is the voltage on the icst pin in volts, r icst is the fast charge current setting resistor in k, and i discharge is the battery discharge current in amps. as an example, measuring v icst =0.4v with r icst =8k indicates 1a discharge current.
act2823 rev 1, 01-dec-2016 innovative power tm activeswitcher tm is a trademark of active-semi. 13 the following table provides the recommended r icst values based on r cs =25m and 50m. i c (a) r icst units r cs =25m? r cs =50m? 0.8 10 5 k? 0.9 8.89 4.44 k? 1 8 4 k? 1.1 7.27 3.64 k? 1.2 6.67 3.33 k? 1.3 6.15 3.08 k? 1.4 5.71 2.86 k? 1.5 5.33 2.67 k? top off when the battery voltage reaches the end-of-charge voltage, the act2823 transitions to top off mode. top off mode charges the battery with a constant voltage. in top off mode, the charging current slowly decreases as the actual battery voltage increases and the voltage across the batterys esr decreases. the charger stays in top off mode until the charging current drops below the eoc (end-of-charge) current which is 10% of the programmed fast charge current. at this point the battery is considered fully charged and the charger transitions into the end of charge mode. end-of-charge when the charging current drops to 10% of the fast charge current, the charger enters end-of-charge mode. if register 0x04h, bit 7 = 0, the charger immediately turns off. if this bit = 1, the charger continues to charge in constant voltage mode for 45 minutes. in this case, the charge current continues to drop while the battery voltage is held at the end-of-charge voltage. if the battery voltage drops below 95% of the end-of-charge voltage, the charger transitions back into top off mode. the charger automatically transitions between these four charging modes as the battery voltage increases and decreases during charging and discharging cycles. if a battery is not present during charging mode, the charger regulates its output to the end-of-charge voltage. if a battery is then connected, the charger automatically transitions to the proper operating mode that is appropriate for the batterys voltage. if the battery disconnected from the charger, it regulates its output to the end-of-charge voltage thermal regulation the charger contains a thermal regulation feature that prevents the ic from reaching thermal shutdown in high temperature environments. it works in both charge and discharge modes. the charger operates at full charging current when the act2823 die temperature is below 110c. if the die temperature increases above 110c, the ic reduces charging current at a rate of -10%/c. this ensures that the output voltage on vout has priority over charging the battery. in discharge mode, the ic delivers full current at rated voltage when the temperature is below 130c. if the die temperature increases above 130c, the ic decreases the output voltage by -115mv/c. end-of-charge timer when the charger enter the end-of-charge mode, it either immediately stops charging or continues to charge for 45 minutes. if register 0x04h, bit 7 = 0, the charger immediately turns off. if this bit = 1, the charger continues to charge in constant voltage mode for 45 minutes. power path priority the act2823 always gives priority to the system voltage on vout. if the input voltage source is current limited and cannot simultaneously provide the full charge current plus the full system current (current out of vout), the input voltage would drop and cause a brownout situation on vout. the act2823 avoids the brownout condition by reducing the charging current if the input voltage drops. if the ic detects that a usb cable is connected, the charge current foldback threshold voltage starts at 4.92v. if no usb cable is detected, the starting voltage is 4.7v. the charger linearly reduces charge current from full charge current to 0a as the voltage on vin drops from 4.7v to 4.6v or from 4.92v to 4.82v, depending on whether or not a usb cable is detected. the charger also reduces the charging current if the total input current (charging current plus system current) exceeds 80% of the programmed input current limit (ilim) threshold of 3.8a. charging current is linearly reduced from full charge current to 0a as the input current increases from 80% of ilim to 100% of ilim. operating modes the act2823 automatically switches between several different operating modes, depending on circuit conditions. charge mode when input power is applied and there are no faults, the ic operates in charge mode. charge mode turns on q1 to power vout with the input voltage. note that q1 stays off and vout is not present in trickle charge mode. charge mode configures the switches q2 and q3 as a boost converter to charge the battery. the ic automatically enters charge mode when input power is applied. there is a 2s delay when transitioning from discharge mode to charge mode. during this time, the ic goes into hz mode
act2823 rev 1, 01-dec-2016 innovative power tm activeswitcher tm is a trademark of active-semi. 14 discharge mode in discharge mode, the act2823 turns off q1 and reconfigures q2 and q3 as a buck converter. it powers the vout pin from the battery. the default vout voltage is 5.07v and current limit is set at 3.3a. if a charged battery is present when input power is removed, the ic enters discharge mode. there is a 2s transition between charge mode and discharge mode. during this time, the ic goes into hz mode. hz mode hz mode is a low power mode that minimizes current draw from the battery. all switches are turned off, and only the push button circuit is kept alive. the ic draws less than 10ua current from vbat in hz mode. the ic transitions from discharge mode to hz mode when the load current is less than 10ma for greater than 12.5s or when the pushbutton is pressed for greater than 5s. the ic also enters hz mode when a battery fault is detected. the ic stays in hz mode indefinitely until input voltage is applied. when input voltage is applied and there are no faults, it enters charge mode. the user can force a transition from hz mode to discharge mode by asserting the push button for greater than 40ms. push button the act2823 push button serves several purposes. it can be automatically pulled low when a shielded cable or a portable device is connected to vout. when in hz mode, and pb is pulled low for greater than 40ms, it turns on the leds for 5s and the ic transitions to discharge mode. this allows the user to wake up the ic to power a portable device. the pb falling threshold is 0.95v when in hz mode. when in charge mode, pulling pb below 3.5v tells the ic that a shielded usb cable or a downstream portable device is connected to vout. this changes the charge current foldback voltage threshold from 4.7v to 4.92v. increasing this threshold gives more current priority to the portable device connected to vout. if the portable device is removed and pb rises above 3.5v, the current foldback threshold drops back to 4.7v. figure 8 shows the recommended circuit for automatically detecting the shielded cable or portable device connection. r26, r14 and c16 form the detection circuit. connect r14 and c16 to the usb output connector shield to detect the insertion of a shielded cable. connect to the usb cables output voltage to detect insertion of a portable device. led indication act2823 has 4 led inputs to visually communicate the battery status. a resistor from pt to agnd programs the led mode. in all modes, when the battery is discharging, led1 flashes to indicate a low battery when the battery voltage is lower than the vled1 threshold. in all modes, all leds turn on solid when the battery charger is in the end-of-charge mode. conventional C always on mode setting r pt =4k programs conventional C always on mode. the leds are always active when the ic is in charge or discharge mode. the leds are solid to indicate charge mode and flash to indicate discharge mode. figure 4 shows each led function relative to the vbat voltage. conventional mode setting r pt =12k programs conventional mode. the leds are always active when the ic is in charge mode. they only turn on for 5s when pb is pulled low for greater than 40ms in discharge mode. the led pattern is identical to conventional C always on mode. figure 4 shows each led function relative to the vbat voltage. breathing mode setting r pt =24k programs breathing mode. the leds are always active when the ic is in charge mode. they only turn on for 5s when pb is pulled low for greater than 40ms in discharge mode.in charge mode, the leds appear to breath as the ic ramps the current back and forth between 0ma and 3ma at a 2s rate. in discharge mode, the led pattern is identical to conventional mode. figure 4 shows each led function relative to the vbat voltage. bottom charging mode setting r pt =40k programs bottom charging mode. the leds are always active when the ic is in charge mode. they only turn on for 5s when pb is pulled low for greater than 40ms in discharge mode. in charge mode, the led cycle starts with all leds off. led1 turns on, then led2 turns on, etc. until the highest led corresponding to the battery voltage turns on. then all leds turn off. this cycle repeats every 0.5s. in discharge mode, the led pattern is identical to conventional mode. figure 4 shows each led function relative to the vbat voltage. circulating mode setting r pt greater than 56k programs circulating mode. r pt can be left open to program circulating mode.the leds are always active when the ic is in charge mode. they only turn on for 5s when pb is pulled low for greater than 40ms in discharge mode. in charge mode, when the battery voltage is over an leds threshold, that led stays on. the higher threshold leds turn on one at a time until they are all on. they then turn off. the cycle repeats every 0.5s. in discharge mode, the led pattern is identical to conventional mode. figure 4 shows each led function relative to the vbat voltage. led1-4 refresh cycle every time vin is applied or pb is pulled low, the leds
act2823 rev 1, 01-dec-2016 innovative power tm activeswitcher tm is a trademark of active-semi. 15 turn on sequentially in a 0.5s interval prior to entering the mode programmed by the pt pin. led1-4 fault alarm signal when a fault is detected, all four leds turn on/off with 0.5s on and 0.5s off time for 10 seconds. the fault conditions include battery ovp, uvp, otp. conventional breathing bottom charging circulating flash always on circulating on breathing on /off <25% eoc off 75%soc<100% 25%soc<50% 50%soc<75% figure 4: led indication patterns led threshold setting led1, led2, led3 and led4 thresholds are adjustable with external resistors r ls1 , r ls2 , r ls3 , and r ls4 connected from ledls1, ledls2, ledls3, ledls4 to agnd respectively, as shown in figure 5. the led threshold voltage, battery impedance compensation voltage, and led hysteresis window setting voltage all work together to program when the leds turn on and off. each of these three voltage are programmed independently. note that the battery voltage is measured between the batp and batn pins. act2823 rimc hyst r hyst le d l s1 ledls2 ledls3 le d ls 4 r imc r ls1 r ls2 r ls3 r ls4 figure 5: led threshold setting the following equation calculates the v ledx threshold in hz mode. this threshold can be programmed between 5.5v to 8.8v. ) 3 ( ) ( r k 108 5 . 5 lsx ) ( ? ? ? ? k v v v ledx where r lsx is the resistance from ledlsx to agnd in k. for example, setting r ls1 = 215k results in v led1 =6v r lsx (k) v ledx (v) r lsx (k) v ledx (v) 33.2 8.75 105 6.53 38.3 8.32 121 6.39 44.2 7.94 140 6.27 51.1 7.61 162 6.17 59 7.33 187 6.08 68.1 7.09 215 6.00 78.7 6.87 249 5.93 90.9 6.69 287 5.88 battery impedance compensation the act2823 battery impedance function compensates for the battery voltage changes due to changing battery current. the battery current, charging or discharging, interacts with the batterys internal impedance to create voltage increase or drop in battery voltage. the battery impedance compensation circuitry counteracts this changing voltage by adjusting the led voltage thresholds. this minimizes the number of leds that change states as battery loading changes. connecting a resistor between the rimc pin and agnd adjusts for battery impedances between 100m to 800m. if battery impedance compensation is not used, leave rimc open. the following equation calculates the proper r imc resistor value ) 4 ( ) ( ) ( 2160 ) ( ? ? ? ? ? ? m r m r k k r bat cs imc where r cs is the current sense resistor in m and r bat is the battery impedance in m. for example, if r cs =50m and the battery impedance, r bat , is 500m, then r imc =216k. the following table calculates the proper rimc resistor for typical battery impedances and current sense resistors. r bat (m?) r imc (k?) r cs =25m? r cs =50m? 100 540k? 1280k? 200 270k? 540k? 300 180k? 360k? 400 135k? 270k? 500 108k? 216k? 600 90k? 180k? 700 77k? 154k? 800 67.5k? 135k? the equation below calculates the act2823 led voltage threshold shift due to battery impedance compensation.
act2823 rev 1, 01-dec-2016 innovative power tm activeswitcher tm is a trademark of active-semi. 16 ) 5 ( ) ( ) ( 2160 ) ( ? ? ? ? ? ? k r m r i k mv v imc cs bat imc as an example, if r cs =50m, r imc =216k, and the battery charging current is 1.5a, then the act2813 increases the led voltage threshold by 750mv. led hysteresis window setting the led hysteresis window compensates for the increase and decrease in battery voltage associated with charging and discharging. it provides fixed voltage adjustment to the led threshold settings. when in the battery is charging, the led threshold settings are increased by the led hysteresis voltage. when the battery is discharging, the led threshold settings are decreased by the led hysteresis voltage. this setting has no effect in hz mode. connecting a resistor between the hyst pin and agnd program the hysteresis between adjusts for battery impedances between 0mv and 720mv. note that the act2823 has 100mv of built in hysteresis that cannot be changed. the following equations calculate the proper r hyst resistance. note that led1 and led2 use one equation while led3 and led4 use another equation. ?? ) 6 ( ) ( 32.4k k r 2 : 1 :2 1 hyst v v hyst ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?? ) 7 ( ) ( 27k k r 4 : 3 :4 3 hyst v v hyst ? ? ? ? ? ? ? where v hyst is the desired led hysteresis in volts. r hyst(1) = 54k to set led1 hysteresis equal to 600mv. r hyst(3) = 45k to set led3 hysteresis equal to 600mv. the following table provides r hyst values for different hysteresis voltages. r hyst (k) led1 vhyst led2 vhyst led3 vhyst led4 vhyst floating 0mv 0mv 0mv 0mv 270 120mv 120mv 100mv 100mv 135 240mv 240mv 200mv 200mv 90 360mv 360mv 300mv 300mv 67.5 480mv 480mv 400mv 400mv 54 600mv 600mv 500mv 500mv 45 720mv 720mv 600mv 600mv led trigger voltage the battery voltage that triggers each led to turn on and off is a function of the led voltage threshold, the impedance compensation voltage, the led hysteresis setting, and whether the battery is charging or discharging. the figure below graphically shows the led trip points as a function of these inputs. charging led threshold - rising charging led threshold - falling discharging led threshold - rising discharging led threshold - falling v imc v hyst v imc v hyst 100mv internal hysteresis 100mv internal hysteresis v ledx figure 6: led threshold setting battery temperature monitering the act2823 monitors the battery pack temperature by measuring the voltage at the th pin. the th pin is connected to the thermistor resistor network which includes a negative temperature coefficient thermistor. an internal current source provides a bias current to generate a voltage on the th pin. the act2823 compares the voltage at the th pin with the internal v thh and v thl thresholds to determine if charging or discharging is allowed. charging latches off and triggers a fault in the i2c register 0x08h when v th v thh . charging cannot be started until the fault condition goes away. after v th returns to the normal range, one of the following three conditions can restart charging. 1. assert pb when the latch off bit in register 0x05h = 0 2. clear the fault status bits in register 0x08h standby 3. recycle input power + C + C th v tcl= 1v ntc v tch= 2.5 v + C + C v td l= 0. 57v v tdh= 2.5 v idis =100 ua ichg=140 ua act2823 chg_hot chg_cold dis_hot dis_cold rb ra li+ battery pack figure 7: thermistor resistor network r ntcc : ntc resistor at cold temperature (tcold) r ntch : ntc resistor at hot temperature (thot)
act2823 rev 1, 01-dec-2016 innovative power tm activeswitcher tm is a trademark of active-semi. 17 the following equations calculate the proper external resistor network to set the upper and lower charging temperature thresholds. ) 8 ( hot rc i v chg tcl ? ? ) 9 ( cold r i v chg tch ? ? ) 10 ( r ra r ra rb hot ntch ntch ? ? ? ? rc ) 11 ( r ra r ra rb cold ntcc ntcc ? ? ? ? r from (7) (8) (9) and (10) calculate ra and rb in charge mode, as the same method, the resistors in discharge mode can be calculated. for example, using an nxrt15xh103 ntc resistor and a temperature charging range of 0 to 45 ,we know r ntcc =27.219k and 4.917k at 0 and 45 respectively. we can calculate ra=33k and rb=2.87k based on the above formulas. follow this procedure for any other ntc and charging temperature range. if temperature sensing is not used, connect th to ground through a 10k? resistor. i2c serial interface the act2823 provides the user with the ability to change operating parameters via i 2 c commands. the customer register map section of the datasheet shows the parameters that can be modified. all changes to i 2 c registers are volatile. all registers reset to their default settings when power is recycled. the act2823 operates as a slave device, and is ad- dressed using a 7-bit slave address of 0x5ah, followed by an eighth bit, which indicates whether the transaction is a read-operation or a write-operation, 1011010x. x is a 0 for write operation and 1 for a read operation. use address 0xb4h for write operations and 0xb5h for read operations. there is no timeout function in the i 2 c packet pro- cessing state machine, however, any time the i 2 c state machine receives a start bit command, it immediately resets the packet processing, even if it is in the middle of a valid packet. application information inductor selection the act2823 uses current-mode control and a proprietary internal compensation scheme to simplify external component selection. it is optimized for operation with 4.7h inductors. choose an inductor with a low dc-resistance, and avoid inductor saturation by choosing inductors with dc ratings that exceed the maximum output current by at least 30%. design for an inductor ripple current that is approximately 30% of the maximum output current. the following equation calculates the inductor ripple current is ? 1 ? ? 12 where v out is the 5v output voltage, v bat is the battery voltage, f sw is the switching frequency, and l is the inductor value. output capacitor selection vout requires high quality, low-esr, ceramic capacitors. three 22uf capacitors are typically suitable. an additional smaller 0.1uf capacitor assists with high frequency filtering. smaller capacitors can be used with smaller loads but the capacitance should not go below 44uf for stability reasons. choose the capacitance to keep the output ripple voltage less than approximately 50mv. the following equation calculates the output voltage ripple. v ripple ? 8? ? 13 be sure to consider the capacitors dc bias effects and maximum ripple current rating when using capacitors smaller than 0805. a capacitors actual capacitance is strongly affected by its dc bias characteristics. the output capacitor is typically an x5r, x7r, or simi lar dielectric. use of y5u, z5u, or similar dielectrics are not recommended due to their wide variation in capacitance over temperature and voltage ranges. input capacitor selection the input capacitor on vin requires a high quality, low- esr, ceramic input capacitor. a 22uf capacitor is typically suitable, but this value can be increased without limit. smaller capacitor values can be used with lighter output loads. choose the input capacitor value to keep the input voltage ripple less than 50mv. battery capacitor selection the bat pin requires high quality, low-esr, ceramic capacitors. two 22uf capacitors are typically suitable. an additional smaller 0.1uf capacitor assists with high frequency filtering. smaller capacitors can be used with smaller loads but the capacitance should not go below 22uf. these capacitors are the output capacitors to the charging boost converter and the input capacitors to a discharging buck converter, so they must be placed as close as possible to the bat pin and be directly to the pgnd plane. choose the capacitance to keep the ripple voltage less than 50mv. use the following equation to calculate the minimum input capacitance.
act2823 rev 1, 01-dec-2016 innovative power tm activeswitcher tm is a trademark of active-semi. 18 ? ?1 ? 14 where i out is the load current, v out is the 5v output voltage, v bat is the battery voltage, f sw is the switching frequency, and v ripple is the desired ripple voltage. charge current sense resistor choose a charge current sense resistor so the fast charge current through it results in a current sense voltage between 20mv-75mv. typical resistor values are 25m? to 50m?. the traces to the batp and bats pins must be kelvin sensed to ensure accuracy. in noisy environments placing a 100nf capacitor between batp and bats will improve noise immunity. output sense resistor choose an output current sense resistor so the maximum load current through it results in a current sense voltage greater than 10mv. the traces to the csp and csn pins must be kelvin sensed to ensure accuracy. the following equation sets the output current limit i out_cl 0.066 15 where r cs is the current sense resistor between csn and csp. pcb board layout guidance when laying out the printed circuit board, the following checklist should be used to ensure proper operation of the ic. 1. place the bat decoupling capacitors as close to the bat pin as possible. minimize the loop area between the bat pin to the capacitors to the pgnd pin. if using different sized capacitors, place the physically smaller capacitors closer to the ic to get better high frequency filtering. 2. arrange the power components to reduce the overall ac loop area. 3. place the vout decoupling ceramic capacitors close to the vout pin. connect the ground side to the pgnd plane. 4. place the vin decoupling ceramic capacitors close to the vin pin. connect the ground side to the pgnd plane. 5. use kevin sense connections from the output current sense resistor to csp and csn pins, and from the battery charging current sense resistor to bats and batp. 6. sw node is noisy and should be isolated from other sensitive circuitry. make the connection from sw to the inductor with a short, wide trace for good emi and low noise operation. 7. the exposed pad is must be connected to the top layer gnd plane. connect it to the internal and bottom layer ground planes using thermal vias. pgnd and agnd should be single-point connected to the exposed pad under the ic. 8. an rc snubber and external schottky diode across sw to pgnd can be added as needed for reducing switching spikes and better emi performance. application circuit the following schematic represents a typical application circui t.
act2823 rev 1, 01-dec-2016 innovative power tm activeswitcher tm is a trademark of active-semi. 19 schematic output usb + - d+ d- csn csp csp vout vout vin vin ovgate ovsens scl sda nc hsb sw sw bat bat bats batp nc pgnd batn icst th vreg agnd pb led1 led 2 led3 led4 ledls 1 ledls 2 ledls 3 ledls 4 pt rimc hyst dm dp l1 bat2 bat1 r6 r7 r8 r9 r15 r10 led1 led2 led3 led4 act2823 pgnd input usb + - d+ d- c2 r1 c3 c10 c6 c7 c4 c15 c1 c14 c19 c16 r2 r3 r5 r1 1 r12 r32 r27 r14 r26 s1 d1 r17 c20 c11 c12 c13 c8 mcu r33 r ntc q1 input ovp figure 8: typical application circuit
act2823 rev 1, 01-dec-2016 innovative power tm activeswitcher tm is a trademark of active-semi. 20 bom item reference description qty manufacturer 1 l1 swpa8040s4r7nt 4.7uh 5.9a(8*8*4mm) 1 sunlord 2 d1 mbr1020vl, 20v/1a schottky, sma, optional 1 panjit 3 q1 ao3400a, rds(on)<32m at v gs =4.5v, optional 1 aos 4 c1,c7,c8 ceramic capacitor, 22uf/16v, x7r, 1206 3 murata/tdk 5 c2 ceramic capacitor, 4.7uf/10v, x7r, 0805 1 murata/tdk 6 c3,c10,c11,c12 ceramic capacitor, 22uf/10v, x7r, 1206 4 murat a/tdk 7 c4 ceramic capacitor, 47nf/16v, x7r, 0603 1 murata/tdk 8 c6,c13 ceramic capacitor, 0.1uf/16v, x7r, 0603 2 murata/tdk 9 c14 ceramic capacitor, 2.2nf/10v, x7r, 0603 1 murata/tdk 10 c15 ceramic capacitor, 1uf/10v, x7r, 0603 1 murata/tdk 11 c16 ceramic capacitor, 2.2uf/10v, x7r, 0603 1 murata/tdk 12 c19 ceramic capacitor, 3.3uf/10v, x7r, 0603 1 murata/tdk 13 c20 ceramic capacitor, 100nf/10v, x7r, 0603 1 murata/tdk 14 r1 chip resistor, 2.7, 1/8w, 5%, 0805 1 murata/tdk 15 r2 chip resistor, 20m, 1/2w, 1%, 1206 1 sart 16 r3 chip resistor, 25m, 1/2w, 1%, 1206 1 sart 17 r5 chip resistor, 8k, 1/10w, 1%, 0603 1 murata/tdk 18 r6 chip resistor, 83k, 1/10w, 1%, 0603 1 murata/tdk 19 r7 chip resistor, 63.5k, 1/10w, 1%, 0603 1 murata/tdk 20 r8 chip resistor, 51.4k, 1/10w, 1%, 0603 1 murata/tdk 21 r9 chip resistor, 41.5k, 1/10w, 1%, 0603 1 murata/tdk 22 r10,r11 chip resistor, 540k, 1/10w, 1%, 0603 2 murata/tdk 23 r12 chip resistor, 0.47, 1/8w, 1%, 0805 1 murata/tdk 24 r14,r26 chip resistor, 715k, 1/10w, 5%, 0603 2 murata/tdk 25 r15 chip resistor, 12k, 1/10w, 1%, 0603 1 murata/tdk 26 r17 chip resistor, 10, 1/10w, 5%, 0603 1 murata/tdk 27 r27 chip resistor, 100, 1/10w, 1%, 0603 1 murata/tdk 28 r32 chip resistor, 3k, 1/10w, 1%, 0603 1 murata/tdk 29 r33 chip resistor, 32k, 1/10w, 1%, 0603 1 murata/tdk 30 r ntc 103at ntc thermistor, nxrt15xh103v 1 murata/tdk 31 led1,led2, led3,led4 led, 0603, blue 4 led manu 32 pb push button switch 1 33 output usb 10.2*14.6*7mm,4p 1 34 micro-usb micro usb 5p/f smt b 1 35 u1 ic, act2823 qfn 5x5-40 1 act
act2823 rev 1, 01-dec-2016 innovative power tm activeswitcher tm is a trademark of active-semi. 21 typical performance characteristics (schematic as shown in figure 8, ta=25c unless otherwise speci fied)
act2823 rev 1, 01-dec-2016 innovative power tm activeswitcher tm is a trademark of active-semi. 22
act2823 rev 1, 01-dec-2016 innovative power tm activeswitcher tm is a trademark of active-semi. 23
act2823 rev 1, 01-dec-2016 innovative power tm activeswitcher tm is a trademark of active-semi. 24 package outline and dimensions qfn55-40 d e pin #1 dot by marking a3 a a1 top view d/2 e/2 e1 d1 b e l bottom view k symbol dimension in mil- limeters dimension in inches min max min max a 0.700 0.800 0.028 0.031 a1 0.000 0.050 0.000 0.002 a3 0.203 ref 0.008 ref b 0.150 0.250 0.006 0.010 d 4.924 5.076 0.194 0.200 e 4.924 5.076 0.194 0.200 d1 3.300 3.500 0.130 0.138 e1 3.300 3.500 0.130 0.138 e 0.400typ 0.016 typ l 0.324 0.476 0.013 0.019 k 0.200 min 0.008 min active-semi, inc. reserves the right to modify the circuitry or specifications without notice. users should evaluate each produ ct to make sure that it is suitable for their applications. active-semi products are not intended or authorized for use as critical c omponents in life-support devices or systems. active-semi, inc. does not assume any liability arising out of the use of any product or ci rcuit described in this datasheet, nor does it convey any patent license. active-semi and its logo are trademarks of active-semi, inc. for more information on this and other products, contact sales@ac- tive-semi.com or visit http://www.active-semi.com . is a registered trademark of active-semi.
act2823 rev 1, 01-dec-2016 innovative power tm activeswitcher tm is a trademark of active-semi. 25 revision history revision date description 1 05-dec-2016 general clarification of device functionality. no ic functional changes or ec table changes from rev 0 to rev 1

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